Ukufaka iinethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezijikeleze uphahla, iifestile kunye neminyango yodonga kwizindlu ezingakhange zilungiswe yindlela yokulawula imalariya. Kunokuthintela iingcongconi ukuba zingangeni ezindlwini, kube nemiphumo ebulalayo nengabulaliyo kwiintsholongwane zemalariya kwaye kunokunciphisa ukusasazeka kwemalariya. Ke ngoko, senze uphando lwe-epidemiological kumakhaya aseTanzania ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kovavanyo lwezinambuzane zangaphakathi (ITS) kwimalariya kunye nezinambuzane.
Usapho lwalunendlu enye okanye ezingaphezulu, nganye ilawulwa yintloko yosapho, apho onke amalungu osapho abelana ngezixhobo zasekhitshini ezifanayo. Amakhaya ayefanelekile kolu phando ukuba ayenemiphetho evulekileyo, iifestile ezingenazivalo, kunye neendonga ezingasebenziyo. Onke amalungu osapho aneminyaka eyi-6 nangaphezulu abandakanyiwe kolu phando, ngaphandle kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ababehlolwa rhoqo ngexesha lokhathalelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka ngokwezikhokelo zesizwe.
Ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuJulayi 2021, ukuze kufikelelwe kuzo zonke iintsapho kwilali nganye, abaqokeleli beenkcukacha, bekhokelwa ziinkosi zedolophana, bahamba besiya kwindlu ngendlu bebuza iintsapho ezineengcango ezivulekileyo, iifestile ezingakhuselekanga, kunye neendonga ezimileyo. Ilungu lentsapho elidala ligqibezele iphepha lemibuzo elisisiseko. Eli phepha lemibuzo laliquka ulwazi malunga nendawo kunye neempawu zendlu, kunye nemeko yoluntu kunye nentlalo yamalungu eentsapho. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana, ifomu yemvume yolwazi (ICF) kunye nephepha lemibuzo zanikwa isihlonzi esikhethekileyo (UID), esaprintwayo, sabekwa ilaminate, saza saqhotyoshelwa emnyango wangaphambili wekhaya ngalinye elithatha inxaxheba. Idatha esisiseko yasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa uluhlu olucwangcisiweyo, olwalukhokela ukufakwa kwe-ITS kwiqela longenelelo.
Idatha yokusasazeka kwemalariya ihlalutywe kusetyenziswa indlela yeprotocol nganye, ngaphandle kohlalutyo lwabantu ababekhe bahamba kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo okanye bathathe amayeza okulwa nemalariya kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kophando.
Ukuze sifumanise impembelelo ye-ITS kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezindlu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kunye namaqela eminyaka, senze uhlalutyo olucwangcisiweyo. Ukwanda kwesifo seengcongconi kuthelekiswa phakathi kwamakhaya ane-ITS nangenazo ngaphakathi kolwahlulo oluchaziweyo: iindonga zodaka, iindonga zezitena, uphahla lwendabuko, uphahla lwezinki, abo basebenzisa i-ITS ngosuku olungaphambi kophando, abo bangayisebenzisiyo i-ITS ngosuku olungaphambi kophando, abantwana abancinci, abantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo, kunye nabantu abadala. Kuhlalutyo ngalunye olucwangcisiweyo, iqela leminyaka, isini, kunye nolwahlulo olufanelekileyo lwezindlu (uhlobo lodonga, uhlobo lophahla, ukusetyenziswa kwayo, okanye iqela leminyaka) zibandakanyiwe njengeziphumo ezisisigxina. Indlu ibandakanyiwe njengesiphumo esingacwangciswanga ukuze kujongwane. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iinguqu zolwahlulo ngokwazo azizange zibandakanyiwe njengee-covariates kuhlalutyo lwazo olucwangcisiweyo.
Kwinani leengcongconi ezingaphakathi endlwini, iimodeli ze-negative binomial regression ezingalungiswanga zisetyenziswe kuphela kwinani lemihla ngemihla leengcongconi ezibanjwe ngomgibe ngamnye ngobusuku ngenxa yenani elincinci leengcongconi ezibanjwe kulo lonke uvavanyo.
Amakhaya ahlolwe ukuba anesifo semalariya kwixesha elifutshane nelide, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba amakhaya ayetyelelwa, awazange atyelelwe, amkelwe ukuba atyelelwe, awazange atyelelwe ngenxa yokufuduka kunye nokuhamba umgama omde, ukwala kwabathathi-nxaxheba ukutyelelwa, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okulwa nemalariya, kunye nembali yokuhamba. Amakhaya ahlolwe ukuba angoobani abangaphakathi endlwini kusetyenziswa imigibe yokukhanya ye-CDC, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba amakhaya ayetyelelwa, awazange atyelelwe, amkelwe ukuba atyelelwe, awazange atyelelwe ngenxa yokufuduka, okanye ayengekho kulo lonke ixesha lophando. I-ITS yafakwa kumakhaya olawulo.
KwiSithili saseChalinze, akukho mahluko mkhulu ufunyenweyo kwizinga losulelo lwemalariya okanye kwinani leengcongconi zangaphakathi phakathi kweentsapho ezinenkqubo yokuhlola iintsholongwane (ITS) kunye nezo zingenayo. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yoyilo lophando, iimpawu zokubulala izinambuzane kunye nentsalela yokungenelela, kunye nenani eliphezulu labathathi-nxaxheba abaye bayeka uphononongo. Nangona umahluko wawungabalulekanga, amanqanaba aphantsi osulelo lweencukuthu afunyenwe kwinqanaba lekhaya ngexesha lemvula ende, elalibonakala ngakumbi kubantwana abakwiminyaka yokufunda esikolweni. Amanani eengcongconi ze-Anopheles zangaphakathi nawo anciphile, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo. Ke ngoko, uyilo lophando olucwangciswe ngokungacwangciswanga oludityaniswe nokubandakanyeka koluntu kunye nokufikelela kubantu luyacetyiswa ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba kulo lonke uphando.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-19-2025