Ukufakaunyango lwezinambuzaneIinethi zeefestile (ii-ITN) ezivulekileyo, iifestile, kunye nezithuba zodonga kumakhaya angenazo izixhobo zokuqinisa yindlela yokulawula imalariya.thintela iingcongconiekungeneni endlwini, nto leyo enika iziphumo ezibulalayo nezingaphantsi kwengozi kwizilwanyana ezithwala imalariya kwaye inokunciphisa ukusasazeka kwemalariya. Ke ngoko, senze uphando lwe-epidemiological kwimizi yaseTanzania ukuze sivavanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-insect-treated window nets (ITNs) ekukhuseleni kusulelo lwemalariya kunye nezilwanyana ezithwala imalariya ngaphakathi.
KwiSithili saseCharinze, eTanzania, amakhaya angama-421 abelwe ngokungacwangciswanga kumaqela amabini. Ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuJulayi 2021, ii-mosquito net ezine-deltamethrin kunye ne-synergist zafakwa kwiingcango, iifestile, kunye nezithuba zodonga kwiqela elinye, ngelixa elinye iqela lingazange lifake. Emva kokufakwa, ekupheleni kwexesha elide lemvula (Juni/Julayi 2022, iziphumo eziphambili) kunye nexesha elifutshane lemvula (Januwari/Februwari 2022, iziphumo zesibini), onke amalungu osapho athatha inxaxheba (abaneminyaka eyi-≥ iinyanga ezi-6) bavavanywa ngobuninzi be-PCR yosulelo lwemalariya. Iziphumo zesibini zaziquka inani leengcongconi ezipheleleyo ngomgibe ngobusuku (Juni/Julayi 2022), iimpendulo ezingalunganga emva kokubekwa kwe-net (Agasti 2021), kunye nokufumaneka kwe-chemobioavailability kunye neentsalela kunyaka omnye emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-net (Juni/Julayi 2022). Ekupheleni kovavanyo, iqela lolawulo nalo lafumana ii-mosquito net.
Olu phononongo alukwazanga ukufikelela kwizigqibo ngenxa yokungabikho kwesampulu eyaneleyo ngenxa yokwala kwabanye abemi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Kufuneka uvavanyo olukhulu olulawulwa ngokungacwangciswanga, olubandakanya ukufakwa kwezikrini zeefestile ezinyangwa ngesibulali-zinambuzane esihlala ixesha elide, ukuze kuvavanywe olu ngenelelo.
Idatha yokusasazeka kwemalariya ihlalutywe kusetyenziswa indlela yeprotocol nganye, oko kuthetha ukuba abantu ababehambe kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kophando okanye abathathe amayeza okulwa nemalariya abafakwanga kuhlalutyo.
Ngenxa yokuba inani leengcongconi ezibanjiweyo ngexesha lovavanyo lalilincinci, kuphela imodeli yokubuyela umva kwe-binomial engalungiswanga yenani leengcongconi ezibanjiweyo ngobusuku ngabunye ngumgibe ngamnye eyasetyenziswa ukumisela inani leengcongconi ezikwigumbi.
Kwimizi engama-450 efanelekileyo ekhethiweyo kuzo zonke iilali ezisithoba, ezisithoba azizange zikhutshwe kuba zazingenazo iiphahla okanye iifestile ezivulekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ngokungacwangciswanga. NgoMeyi 2021, imizi engama-441 yahluthwa ngokungacwangciswanga ngokweelali: imizi engama-221 yabelwa kwiqela lenkqubo yomoya ekrelekrele (IVS), kwaye eminye engama-220 yabelwa kwiqela lolawulo. Ekugqibeleni, imizi engama-208 ekhethiweyo yagqiba ukufakwa kwe-IVS, ngelixa eyi-195 yahlala kwiqela lolawulo (Umfanekiso 3).
Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-ITS inokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekukhuseleni i-malaria kumaqela athile eminyaka, izakhiwo zezindlu, okanye xa isetyenziswa ne-mot nets. Ukufikelela kwizinto zokulawula i-malaria, ingakumbi i-mot nets, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kunqongophele, ingakumbi kubantwana abakwiminyaka yokufunda.[46] Ukufumaneka okuncinci kwe-net kwiintsapho kunegalelo ekusetyenzisweni okuncinci kwe-net kwiintsapho, kwaye abantwana abakwiminyaka yokufunda esikolweni badla ngokungakhathalelwa, ngaloo ndlela baba ngumthombo wokudluliselwa kwe-malaria rhoqo.[16, 47, 48] ITanzania iphumeza iinkqubo zokusasazwa okuqhubekayo, kuquka nenkqubo ye-net yesikolo, ukwandisa ukufikelela kwi-net ze-mot kubantwana abakwiminyaka yokufunda.[14, 49] Ngenxa yenqanaba eliphantsi lokufumaneka kwe-net (50%) ngexesha lophando kunye nenyaniso yokuba eli qela linokufumana ubunzima bokufikelela kwi-net, i-ITS isenokuba ibonelele ngokhuseleko kweli qela, ngaloo ndlela ivala umsantsa wokhuseleko ekusetyenzisweni kwe-net. Izakhiwo zezindlu ngaphambili bezinxulunyaniswa nokwanda kokudluliselwa kwe-malaria; umzekelo, imifantu eludongeni lodaka kunye nemingxunya eluphahleni lwendabuko yenza kube lula ukungena kwe-mot nets.[8] Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina buxhasa eli bango; Uhlalutyo lwamaqela ophando ngohlobo lodonga, uhlobo lophahla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kwe-ITN alubonisanga mahluko phakathi kweqela lolawulo kunye neqela le-ITN.
Nangona amakhaya asebenzisa inkqubo yokulawula iingcongconi zangaphakathi (ITS) ayeneengcongconi ezimbalwa ze-Anopheles ezibanjwe ngomgibe ngamnye ngobusuku ngabunye, umahluko wawumncinane xa uthelekiswa namakhaya angenayo i-ITS. Izinga eliphantsi lokubanjwa kumakhaya asebenzisa i-ITS lisenokuba ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngokuchasene neentlobo eziphambili zeengcongconi ezondla kwaye zihlale ngaphakathi (umz., i-Anopheles gambiae [50]) kodwa lisenokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokuchasene neentlobo zeengcongconi ezinokuthi zisebenze ngaphandle (umz., i-Anopheles africanus). Ngaphezu koko, ii-ITS zangoku zisenokungabi namazinga afanelekileyo nalinganayo ee-pyrethroids kunye ne-PBO kwaye, ke ngoko, zisenokungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo ngokuchasene ne-Anopheles gambiae engamelani ne-pyrethroid, njengoko kubonisiwe kuphononongo lwe-semi-field [Odufuwa, oluzayo]. Esi siphumo sisenokuba ngenxa yamandla angonelanga ezibalo. Ukufumanisa umahluko we-10% phakathi kweqela le-ITS kunye neqela lolawulo elinamandla ezibalo angama-80%, kwakufuneka amakhaya angama-500 kwiqela ngalinye. Okwenza izinto zibe mbi nangakumbi, olu phononongo luhambelane nemozulu engaqhelekanga eTanzania ngaloo nyaka, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokuncipha kwemvula [51], eyayinokuchaphazela kakubi ubukho kunye nokusinda kweengcongconi ze-Anopheles [52] kwaye yayinokukhokelela ekunciphiseni inani leengcongconi ngokubanzi ngexesha lophando. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, bekungekho mahluko mkhulu kwi-avareji yoxinano lwemihla ngemihla lwee-pallens ze-Culex pipiens kwizindlu ezine-ITS xa kuthelekiswa nezindlu ezingenazo. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili [Odufuwa, ezayo], le nto isenokuba ibangelwa bubuchwepheshe obuthile bokongeza ii-pyrethroids kunye ne-PBO kwi-ITS, obuthintela impembelelo yazo yokubulala izinambuzane kwi-Culex pipiens. Ngaphezu koko, ngokungafaniyo neengcongconi ze-Anopheles, ii-Culex pipiens zinokungena kwizakhiwo ngeengcango, njengoko kufunyenwe kuphononongo lwaseKenya [24] kunye nophando lwe-entomological eTanzania [53]. Ukufaka iingcango zesikrini kunokuba yinto engenakwenzeka kwaye kuya kwandisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwabahlali kwi-insecticide. Iingcongconi ze-Anopheles zingena ngokuyintloko nge-eaves[54], kwaye ukungenelela okukhulu kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubuninzi beengcongconi, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzekelo osekelwe kwidatha ye-SFS[Odufuwa, ezayo].
Iimpendulo ezimbi ezibikwe ziingcali kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba bezihambelana neempendulo ezaziwayo zokuchaphazeleka yi-pyrethroid [55]. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, uninzi lweempendulo ezimbi ezibikweyo zisonjululwe kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokuchaphazeleka, njengoko inani elincinci kakhulu (6%) lamalungu osapho lifune unyango, kwaye bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana unyango lwasimahla. Ukuxhaphaka okukhulu kokuthimla okubonwe phakathi kweengcali ezili-13 (65%) kunxulunyaniswe nokungaphumeleli ukusebenzisa iimaski ezibonelelweyo, kucatshulwe ukungonwabi kunye nokunxibelelana okunokwenzeka ne-COVID-19. Izifundo zexesha elizayo zinokuqwalasela ukugunyazisa ukunxitywa kweemaski.
KwiSithili saseCharinze, akukho mahluko mkhulu ubonwe kwizinga lokwanda kwemalariya okanye inani leengcongconi ezingaphakathi phakathi kweentsapho ezinezikrini zeefestile eziphathwe ngezinambuzane (ITS) nezingenazo. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yoyilo lophando, iimpawu zezinambuzane kunye neentsalela, kunye nokuphela kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi. Nangona kungekho mahluko mkhulu, ukwehla kwenani leengcongconi ezikwinqanaba lekhaya kubonwe ngexesha lemvula ende, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo. Inani leengcongconi ezingaphakathi ze-Anopheles nalo lehlile, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kufuneka uphando olongezelelweyo. Ke ngoko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bayaqhubeka, kucetyiswa uyilo olulawulwa ngokungacwangciswanga lweqela, oludityaniswe nokubandakanyeka koluntu kunye nokufikelela ebantwini.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-21-2025