Izinambuzane zezolimo zibonwa njengenye yamaqela ebhayoloji anzima ukuwalawula ehlabathini. Phakathi kwazo, izinambuzane zezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo ikakhulu ziincukuthu zespider kunye negall mites, ezinamandla okutshabalalisa izityalo zoqoqosho ezifana nemithi yeziqhamo, imifuno kunye neentyatyambo. Inani kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-acaricides zezolimo ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ezitya utyani zilandela iLepidoptera kunye neHomoptera phakathi kwezinambuzane zezolimo kunye ne-acaricides. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-acaricides kunye nokusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kwezixhobo zokwenziwa Isizathu kukuba amazinga ahlukeneyo okuxhathisa abonakalisiwe, kwaye kungekudala kuza kuphuhliswa ii-acaricides ezintsha ezisebenzayo ezinezakhiwo ezintsha kunye neendlela ezizodwa zokusebenza.
Eli nqaku liza kukwazisa uhlobo olutsha lwe-benzoylacetonitrile acaricide – i-fenflunomide. Le mveliso yenziwe yi-Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. yaseJapan kwaye yasungulwa okokuqala ngo-2017. Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula izinambuzane kwizityalo ezifana nemithi yeziqhamo, imifuno kunye nemithi yeti, ngakumbi kwizinambuzane eziye zakwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane.
Indalo esisiseko
Igama eliqhelekileyo lesiNgesi: Cyflumetofen; Inombolo yeCAS: 400882-07-7; Ifomula yemolekyuli: C24H24F3NO4; Ubunzima bemolekyuli: 447.4; Igama lekhemikhali: 2-methoxyethyl-(R,S)-2-(4-tert. Butylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-oxo-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl); ifomula yolwakhiwo injengoko ibonisiwe ngezantsi.
I-Butflufenafen yi-acaricide ebulala isisu engenazo iimpawu zomzimba, kwaye eyona ndlela yayo yokusebenza kukuthintela ukuphefumla kwe-mitochondrial yee-mite. Ngokususa i-esterification kwi-vivo, kwakheka isakhiwo se-hydroxyl, esiphazamisa kwaye sithintele i-mitochondrial protein complex II, sithintele ukudluliselwa kwe-electron (hydrogen), sitshabalalise impendulo ye-phosphorylation, kwaye sibangele ukukhubazeka nokufa kwee-mite.
Iimpawu zesenzo se-cyflumetofen
(1) Umsebenzi omninzi kunye nomthamo ophantsi. Kusetyenziswa iigram ezilishumi elinesibini kuphela kwi-mu yomhlaba, azisebenzisi carbon eninzi, zikhuselekile kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo;
(2) I-spectrum ebanzi. Isebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iintlobo zeencukuthu zezinambuzane;
(3) Ikhetha kakhulu. Inefuthe elithile lokubulala kuphela kwiincukuthu eziyingozi, kwaye ayinafuthe libi kangako kwizinto eziphilayo ezingezizo ezo zijoliswe kuzo kunye neencukuthu ezitya ezinye;
(4) Ukuphelela. Ingasetyenziselwa izityalo zangaphandle nezikhuselweyo zezityalo ukulawula izinambuzane kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhula kwamaqanda, iimbungu, iinymphs kunye nabantu abadala, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kunye netekhnoloji yokulawula i-biological;
(5) Zombini iziphumo ezikhawulezayo nezihlala ixesha elide. Kwiiyure ezi-4, iingcongconi eziyingozi ziya kuyeka ukutya, kwaye iingcongconi ziya kukhubazeka kwiiyure ezili-12, kwaye iziphumo ezikhawulezayo zilungile; kwaye ineziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kube kanye kunokulawula ixesha elide;
(6) Akulula ukuba nokumelana namayeza. Inendlela eyahlukileyo yokusebenza, ayinakumelana nezinye ii-acaricides ezikhoyo, kwaye akulula ukuba iincukuthu zikwazi ukumelana nazo;
(7) Inyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibole emhlabeni nasemanzini, nto leyo ekhuselekileyo kwizityalo nakwizinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga njengezilwanyana ezanyisayo nezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo, kunye neentshaba zendalo. Sisixhobo esihle sokulawula ukumelana nezifo.
IiMarike zeHlabathi kunye noBhaliso
Ngowama-2007, i-fenflufen yabhaliswa yaza yathengiswa eJapan. Ngoku i-bufenflunom ibhalisiwe yaza yathengiswa eJapan, eBrazil, eUnited States, eTshayina, eMzantsi Korea, kwi-European Union nakwamanye amazwe. Iintengiso zifumaneka ikakhulu eBrazil, eUnited States, eJapan, njl.njl., zimalunga ne-70% yentengiso yehlabathi; ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kukulawula iincukuthu kwimithi yeziqhamo efana ne-citrus kunye nama-apile, zingaphezulu kwe-80% yentengiso yehlabathi.
I-EU: Idweliswe kwi-EU Annex 1 ngo-2010 kwaye yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2013, isebenza kude kube ngumhla wama-31 kuMeyi 2023.
I-United States: Ibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kwi-EPA ngo-2014, yaza yavunywa yiCalifornia ngo-2015. Kwiinethi zemithi (iindidi zezityalo 14-12), iipere (iindidi zezityalo 11-10), i-citrus (iindidi zezityalo 10-10), iidiliya, amaqunube, iitumato kunye nezityalo ezikhula kwindawo ethile.
IKhanada: Yamkelwe ukuba ibhaliswe yi-Health Canada's Pest Management Agency (PMRA) ngo-2014.
IBrazil: Yavunywa ngo-2013. Ngokwemibuzo yewebhusayithi, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ikakhulu yidosi enye ye-200g/L SC, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-citrus ukulawula iimpukane ezimfusa ezineendevu ezimfutshane, ii-apile zokulawula iimpukane ze-apple, kunye nekofu yokulawula iimpukane ezimfusa-bomvu ezineendevu ezimfutshane, iimpukane ezincinci ezineenzipho, njl.njl.
ITshayina: Ngokutsho kweChina Pesticide Information Network, kukho ubhaliso olubini lwefenflufenac eTshayina. Olunye luvavanyo olunye lwe-200g/L SC, olugcinwe ziincukuthu ze-FMC. Olunye lubhaliso lobuchwephesha olugcinwe yiJapan Ouite Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
EOstreliya: NgoDisemba ka-2021, i-Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Administration (APVMA) yabhengeza ukuvunywa nokubhaliswa kwe-200 g/L buflufenacil suspension ukususela nge-14 kaDisemba ka-2021 ukuya kwi-11 kaJanuwari ka-2022. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula iintlobo ngeentlobo zeencukuthu kwi-pome, i-almond, i-citrus, idiliya, iziqhamo nemifuno, i-strawberry kunye nezityalo zokuhombisa, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa nokukhusela kwi-strawberries, iitumato kunye nezityalo zokuhombisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-10-2022