Ukuthatha i-2014 njengomzekelo, intengiso yehlabathi jikelele ye-aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides yayiyi-US $ 1.217 yebhiliyoni, ibala i-4.6% ye-US $ 26.440 yeebhiliyoni zeemarike zehlabathi kunye ne-1.9% ye-US $ 63.212 yeebhiliyoni zemarike yehlabathi.Nangona ingekho kakuhle njengemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula njengee-amino acids kunye ne-sulfonylureas, ikwanayo indawo kwimarike yemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula (ibekwe kwindawo yesithandathu kwiintengiso zehlabathi).
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula iAryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukulawula ukhula lwengca.Kwafunyaniswa ngo-1960 xa i-Hoechst (eJamani) ithatha indawo yeqela le-phenyl kwisakhiwo se-2,4-D kunye ne-diphenyl ether kwaye yavelisa isizukulwana sokuqala se-aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides."Ingca Ling".Ngo-1971, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ulwakhiwo lweringi yomzali lune-A kunye no-B. Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula elandelayo yolu hlobo yatshintshwa ngokusekwe kuyo, iguqula iringi ye-benzene kwelinye icala ibe yi-heterocyclic okanye iringi edibeneyo, kwaye yazisa amaqela asebenzayo afana no-F. iiathom kwiringi, okukhokelela kuthotho lweemveliso ezinomsebenzi ophezulu., imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ekhetha ngakumbi.
Isakhiwo se-APP ye-herbicide
Imbali yophuhliso lwe-propionic acid herbicides
Indlela yokwenza
I-Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides ikakhulu ziinhibitors ezisebenzayo ze-acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), ngaloo ndlela zithintela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-fatty acids, okukhokelela ekudibaneni kwe-oleic acid, i-linoleic acid, i-linolenic acid, kunye ne-waxy layers kunye neenkqubo ze-cuticle zivaliwe, okukhokelela ekudibaneni ngokukhawuleza. ukutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo se-membrane yesityalo, ukunyuka kwe-permeability, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufa kwesityalo.
Iimpawu zayo zokusebenza kakuhle, ubuthi obuphantsi, ukukhetha okuphezulu, ukhuseleko lwezityalo kunye nokuthotywa okulula kuye kwakhuthaza kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kwemichiza ekhethiweyo yokutshabalalisa ukhula.
Olunye uphawu lwe-AAP ye-herbicides kukuba lusebenza ngokubonakalayo, olubonakaliswa ngama-isomers ahlukeneyo phantsi kwesakhiwo sekhemikhali esifanayo, kunye ne-isomers ezahlukeneyo zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokutshabalalisa ukhula.Phakathi kwabo, i-R (-) -isomero inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi we-enzyme ekujoliswe kuyo, ithintele ukubunjwa kwe-auxin kunye ne-gibberellin kwikhula, kwaye ibonise umsebenzi omhle we-herbicidal, ngelixa i-S (+) -isomeri ingasebenzi kakuhle.Umahluko ekusebenzeni phakathi kwezi zibini ngamaxesha angama-8-12.
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ye-APP yoRhwebo idla ngokusetyenzwa ibe zii-esters, izenze ukuba zifunxeke lula lukhula;nangona kunjalo, i-esters idla ngokuba ne-solubility encinci kunye ne-adsorption enamandla, ngoko akukho lula ukuyikhupha kwaye ifakwe lula kukhula.emhlabeni.
I-Clodinafop-propargyl
I-Propargyl yi-phenoxypropionate herbicide eyenziwe yi-ciba-Geigy ngo-1981.-2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
I-Propargyl sisibulali-zinambuzane esine-fluorine, esisebenza nge-optically active aryloxyphenoxypropionate.Isetyenziselwa ukuhluma kwesiqu namagqabi emva kokuhluma ukuze kutshatyalaliswe ukhula lwengqolowa, rye, triticale kunye namanye amasimi ecereal, ngakumbi kwiwheatgrass kunye newheatgrass.Ukuphumelela ekulawuleni ukhula olunzima njenge-oats yasendle.Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga isiqu sasemva kokuhluma kunye namagqabi ukulawula ukhula lwengca lonyaka, olufana ne-oats yasendle, i-oat grass emnyama, i-foxtail grass, ingca yasendle, kunye ne-wheatgrass.Umthamo yi-30 ~ 60g/hm2.Indlela ethile yokusetyenziswa yile: ukusuka kwinqanaba elinamagqabi ama-2 engqolowa ukuya kwinqanaba lokudityaniswa, sebenzisa isibulali-zinambuzane kukhula kwinqanaba lama-2-8 lamagqabi.Ebusika, sebenzisa i-20-30 grams ye-Maji (15% clofenacetate powder emanzi) ngehektare nganye.I-30-40g yomgubo omanzi kakhulu (15% clodinafop-propargyl), yongeza i-15-30kg yamanzi kwaye utshize ngokulinganayo.
Indlela yokusebenza kunye neempawu ze-clodinafop-propargyl zi-acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors kunye ne-systemic conductive herbicides.Ichiza lifunxwa ngamagqabi kunye neeshethi zamagqabi zesityalo, eziqhutywe nge-phloem, kwaye ziqokelelwe kwi-meristem yesityalo, inhibiting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.I-Coenzyme A carboxylase iyeka ukuhlanganiswa kwe-asidi enamafutha, inqanda ukukhula kweeseli eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwahlukana, kwaye itshabalalise izakhiwo ezine-lipid ezifana neenkqubo ze-membrane, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekufeni kwezityalo.Ixesha ukusuka kwi-clodinafop-propargyl ukuya ekufeni kokhula licotha kakhulu, lithatha iveki enye ukuya kwezi-3.
Imixube eqhelekileyo ye-clodinafop-propargyl yi-8%, i-15%, i-20%, kunye ne-30% ye-emulsion enamanzi, i-15% kunye ne-24% ye-microemulsions, i-15% kunye ne-20% yomgubo omanzi, kunye ne-8% kunye ne-14% yokumiswa kwe-oyile echithwayo.24% cream.
Ukudibanisa
(R) -2- (p-hydroxyphenoxy) ipropionic acid iqala ukuveliswa ngokusabela kwe-α-chloropropionic acid kunye ne-hydroquinone, kwaye emva koko i-etherified ngokudibanisa i-5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine ngaphandle kokuhlukana.Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, idibana ne-chloropropyne ukufumana i-clodinafop-propargyl.Emva kwe-crystallization, umxholo wemveliso ufikelela kwi-97% ukuya kwi-98%, kwaye isivuno esipheleleyo sifikelela kwi-85%.
Imeko yokuthumela ngaphandle
Idatha ye-Customs ibonisa ukuba ngo-2019, ilizwe lam lathumela ngaphandle kwe-35.77 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika (izibalo ezingaphelelanga, kubandakanya amalungiselelo kunye neziyobisi zobugcisa).Phakathi kwabo, ilizwe lokuqala lokungeniswa ngaphandle kweKazakhstan, elingenisa ngokukodwa amalungiselelo, kunye nesixa se-8.6515 yezigidi zeedola zase-US, elandelwa yiRashiya, ngamalungiselelo Kukho imfuno yazo zombini amayeza kunye nezinto eziluhlaza, kunye nomthamo wokungenisa we-US $ 3.6481 yezigidi.Indawo yesithathu yiNetherlands, enomthamo wokungenisa elizweni we-US $ 3.582 yezigidi.Ukongeza, iCanada, i-Indiya, i-Israel, iSudan kunye namanye amazwe ngawona mazwe athumela ngaphandle kwe-clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
I-Cyhalofop-ethyl sisichiza esikhethekileyo sokutshabalalisa ukhula esaphuhliswa saze saveliswa yi-Dow AgroSciences e-United States ngo-1987. Ikwayi-aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid kuphela yokutshabalalisa ukhula ekhuseleke kakhulu kwirayisi.Ngo-1998, iDow AgroSciences yaseUnited States yaba yeyokuqala ukubhalisa ubuchwephesha becyhalofop kwilizwe lam.Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza laphelelwa ngo-2006, kwaye ubhaliso lwasekhaya lwaqala emva kolunye.Kwi-2007, ishishini lasekhaya (i-Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) ibhaliswe okokuqala.
Igama lezorhwebo likaDow yiClincher, kwaye igama layo lekhemikhali ngu (R) -2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (isithako esisebenzayo: 10% cyhalomefen EC) kunye ne-Daoxi (60g / L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), eziye zaziwa kakhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina, zisebenza kakhulu kwaye zikhuselekile.Ithatha imarike yesiqhelo yesichiza sokutshabalalisa ukhula kwintsimi yerayisi kwilizwe lam.
I-Cyhalofop-ethyl, efana nezinye i-aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides, i-fatty acid synthesis inhibitor kwaye inhibits i-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Ikakhulu ifunxwa ngamagqabi kwaye ayinamsebenzi womhlaba.I-Cyhalofop-ethyl i-systemic kwaye ifakwe ngokukhawuleza ngezicubu zezityalo.Emva kokunyangwa kweekhemikhali, ukhula lwengca luyayeka ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukuphuzi kwenzeka phakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-7, kwaye isityalo sonke siba necrotic kwaye siyafa kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.
I-Cyhalofop isetyenziswe emva kokuhluma ukulawula ukhula lwegramineous kumasimi erayisi.Idosi yerayisi yetropikhi yi-75-100g/hm2, kwaye idosi yerayisi epholileyo yi-180-310g/hm2.Isebenza kakhulu kwi Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Small chaff grass, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, njl.
Thatha ukusetyenziswa kwe-15% ye-cyhalofop-ethyl EC njengomzekelo.Kwinqanaba le-1.5-2.5 leqabunga le-barnyardgrass kwiindawo zokutshala irayisi kunye nenqanaba le-2-3 leqabunga le-stephanotis kwintsimi yerayisi enembewu ethe ngqo, iziqu kunye namagqabi zifafazwe kwaye zifafazwe ngokulinganayo ngenkungu ecocekileyo.Khupha amanzi ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise i-pesticide ukuze ngaphezu kwe-2/3 yeziqu zokhula kunye namagqabi abonakale emanzini.Ukunkcenkceshela kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-pesticide, kwaye ugcine i-3-5 cm yamanzi umaleko weentsuku ezingama-5-7.Ungasebenzisi ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye ngexesha lokulima irayisi.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli chiza linetyhefu kakhulu kwi-arthropods yasemanzini, ngoko kunqande ukugeleza kwiindawo ze-aquaculture.Xa ixutywe neminye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, inokubonisa iziphumo ezichasayo, ezikhokelela ekuncipheni kokusebenza kwecyhalofop.
Iifom zayo eziphambili zedosi zezi: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable powder (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%). , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), ukumiswa kweoli yecyhalofop (10%, 20%, 30% , 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl dispersible oil ukunqunyanyiswa (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);i-compounding agents ziquka i-oxafop-propyl kunye ne-penoxsufen Compound ye-amine, i-pyrazosulfuron-methyl, i-bispyrfen, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-24-2024