I-Brassinolide, imveliso enkulu yezibulali-zinambuzane engenakutyeshelwa, inamandla emarike efikelela kwi-10 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi

I-Brassinolide, njengeumlawuli wokukhula kwezityalo, idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo ukusukela oko yafunyanwa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso lwesayensi yezolimo kunye netekhnoloji kunye notshintsho lwemfuno yemarike, i-brassinolide kunye nenxalenye yayo ephambili yeemveliso ezidityanisiweyo zivela ngokungapheliyo. Kwiimveliso ezingaphantsi kwe-100 ezibhalisiweyo ngaphambi kowama-2018, inani leemveliso kunye namashishini ali-135 liphindwe kabini. Isabelo semarike esingaphezulu kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunye namathuba emarike e-10 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan zibonisa ukuba esi sithako sidala sibonisa amandla amatsha.

01
Ukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kwexesha kutsha

I-Brassinolide luhlobo lwe-hormone yezityalo zendalo, ekwi-hormone ze-steroid, eyafunyanwa okokuqala kwi-rape pollen ngo-1979, isuka kwi-brassin ekhutshiweyo ngokwendalo.I-Brassinolide yinkqubo yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo esebenza kakhulu, enokunyusa kakhulu ukukhula kwezondlo zezityalo kwaye ikhuthaze ukuchumisa kwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, inokukhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwandiswa kwazo, iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photosynthesis, iphucule ukumelana noxinzelelo, ikhuthaze ukwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo kunye nophuhliso lweziqhamo, kwaye inyuse umxholo weswekile kwiziqhamo.

Ukongeza, isiphumo soncedo lokuqala kwizithole ezifileyo, ukubola kweengcambu, ukufa okumiyo kunye nokucinywa okubangelwa kukuvuna okuphindaphindiweyo, izifo, umonakalo ngamayeza, umonakalo wokuqandisa kunye nezinye izizathu ziyamangalisa, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweeyure ezili-12-24 ngokucacileyo kuyasebenza, kwaye amandla abuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukhula kwenani labantu kwihlabathi liphela kunye nophuhliso olukhulu lwemveliso yezolimo, imfuno yeemveliso zezolimo iye yanda. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nale mfuno, ukuphucula isivuno kunye nomgangatho wezityalo kuye kwaba yinjongo ephambili yemveliso yezolimo. Kule meko, imfuno yemarike yabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo iyanda kancinci kancinci.I-Brassinolide iba yeyona nto inamandla kakhulu kwixesha langoku lempilo yezityalo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ekwandiseni imveliso kunye nokunciphisa ulawulo lomonakalo.

I-Brassinolide, njengomlawuli wokukhula kwezityalo osebenza kakuhle kakhulu, iye yamkelwa ngabalimi ngenxa yempembelelo yayo emangalisayo yokonyusa isivuno kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo. Ingakumbi kwimveliso yezityalo ezithengiswayo (ezifana neziqhamo, imifuno, iintyatyambo, njl.njl.) kunye nezityalo zasemasimini (ezifana nerayisi, ingqolowa, umbona, njl.njl.), i-brassinolide isetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ngokwedatha yophando lwemarike, ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi yabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo bubonakalise umkhwa wokukhula ozinzileyo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Phakathi kwabo, isabelo semarike se-brassicolactone sikhule minyaka le, siba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemarike. E-China, imfuno yemarike ye-brassinolide inamandla kakhulu, ikakhulu kwiindawo ezivelisa izityalo ezithengiswayo ezisemazantsi kunye neendawo ezivelisa izityalo ezisemantla.

02
Imarike yokusetyenziswa kube kanye kunye neyokudibanisa izinto iyaphumelela

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo ezine-brassinolide njengeyona nto iphambili ziye zavela kwimarike. Ezi mveliso zihlala zidibanisa i-brassinolactones nezinye izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, izondlo, njl.njl., ukwenza iifomyula ezidityanisiweyo ukuze kusetyenziswe isiphumo esidibeneyo esinamandla.

Umzekelo, indibaniselwano yebrassinolide kunye neehomoni ezifana nei-gibberellin, i-cytokinin, kunyei-indole acetic acidinokulawula ukukhula kwesityalo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukuphucula ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nesivuno saso.Ukongeza, indibaniselwano ye-brassinolide kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo (ezifana ne-zinc, i-boron, i-iron, njl.njl.) inokuphucula kakhulu imeko yesondlo sezityalo kwaye iphucule amandla azo okukhula.

Njengoko i-pyrazolide iphelelwe lixesha malunga nowama-2015, ezinye iimveliso ezidityaniswe ne-pyrazolide, i-brassinolide kunye ne-potassium dihydrogen phosphate zakhuthazwa kakhulu kumasimi asemantla (umbona, ingqolowa, amandongomane, njl.njl.). Oku kwakhokelela ngokukhawuleza ekukhuleni kwentengiso ye-brassinolide.

Kwelinye icala, amashishini akhawulezisa ukubhaliswa kweemveliso ezidityanisiweyo ezinxulumene ne-brassinolide, kwaye akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimveliso ze-brassinolide ezingama-234 zibhalisiwe kwi-pesticides, apho ezili-124 zixutyiwe, ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-50%.Ukwanda kwezi mveliso zihlanganisiweyo akupheleli nje ekuhlangabezaneni nemfuno yemarike yabalawuli bezityalo abasebenzayo nabasebenza ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa kukwabonisa ugxininiso ekuchumiseni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lwesayensi kwimveliso yezolimo.

Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yesayensi netekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lokuqonda kwabalimi, ezo mveliso ziya kuba nethuba elikhulu lemarike kwixesha elizayo.I-Brassinolide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yezityalo ezithengiswayo ezifana neziqhamo nemifuno. Umzekelo, ekulimeni iidiliya, i-brassinolide inokuphucula izinga lokubekwa kweziqhamo, yonyuse iswekile kunye nobunzima besiqhamo, kwaye iphucule inkangeleko kunye nencasa yesiqhamo. Ekulimeni iitumato, i-brassinolide inokukhuthaza ukudubula kweetumato kunye neziqhamo, iphucule isivuno kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo.I-Brassinolide ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yezityalo zasemasimini. Umzekelo, ekulimeni irayisi nengqolowa, i-brassinolide inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, inyuse ubude kunye nobunzima bezikhwebu, kwaye inyuse isivuno.

I-Brassinolide ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iintyatyambo nezityalo zokuhombisa. Umzekelo, ekulimeni iirozi, i-brassicolactone inokukhuthaza ukwahluka kweentyatyambo kunye nokudubula kwazo, iphucule ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho weentyatyambo. Ekugcinweni kwezityalo ezifakwe kwiimbiza, i-brassinolide inokukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokukhula kwamasebe ezityalo kwaye yonyuse ixabiso lokuhombisa.