Ulimo lolona butyebi bubalulekileyo kwiimarike zehlabathi, kwaye iinkqubo zendalo zijongene nemingeni emininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zeekhemikhali kwihlabathi liphela kuyakhula kwaye kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisivuno sezityalo1. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezikhuliswe ngale ndlela azinalo ixesha elaneleyo lokukhula nokuvuthwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngenxa yoko azifumani mpawu zibalaseleyo zezityalo2. Ukongeza, iikhemikhali ezinobungozi kakhulu zinokuqokelelana emzimbeni womntu nasemhlabeni3. Ke ngoko, kukho imfuneko yokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nezizinzileyo ukunciphisa imfuneko yezichumisi zeekhemikhali. Iintsholongwane eziluncedo zinokuba ngumthombo obalulekileyo weekhemikhali zendalo ezisebenzayo kwibhayoloji4.
Iindawo ze-endophytic ezikumagqabi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo esisiphetheyo okanye uhlobo lwe-genotype, inqanaba lokukhula kwesityalo, kunye nokwakheka kwesityalo. 13 Izifundo ezininzi zibike ukuba i-Azospirillum, i-Bacillus, i-Azotobacter, i-Pseudomonas, kunye ne-Enterobacter zinamandla okwenza oku.ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo. 14 Ngaphezu koko, iBacillus kunye neAzospirillum zezona ntlobo zePGPB ezifundwe kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculeni ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nesivuno. 15 Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukugonywa kunye kweAzospirillum brasiliensis kunye neBradyrhizobium kwiimbotyi kunokunyusa isivuno sombona, ingqolowa, iisoya, kunye neembotyi zezintso. 16, 17 Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukugonywa kweSalicornia kunye neBacillus licheniformis kunye nezinye iiPGPB kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokufunxwa kwezondlo. 18 I-Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 kunye neBacillus sphaericus UPMB10 ziphucula ukukhula kweengcambu zebhanana emnandi. Ngokufanayo, imbewu yefennel kunzima ukuyikhulisa ngenxa yokukhula okungekuhle kwezityalo kunye nokuhluma okuncinci, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo lwembalela 20. Unyango lwembewu ngePseudomonas fluorescens kunye neTrichoderma harzianum luphucula ukukhula kwangoko kwezithole zefennel phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo lwembalela 21. Kwi-stevia, kwenziwe izifundo zokuvavanya imiphumo ye-mycorrhizal fungi kunye nokukhula kwezityalo okukhuthaza i-rhizobacteria (PGPR) kumandla endalo okukhula, ukuqokelela ii-metabolites zesibini, kunye nokuveza ii-genes ezibandakanyeka kwi-biosynthesis. Ngokutsho kukaRahi et al.22, ukugonywa kwezityalo ezine-PGPRs ezahlukeneyo kuphucule ukukhula kwazo, i-photosynthetic index, kunye nokuqokelelana kwe-stevioside kunye ne-stevioside A. Kwelinye icala, ukugonywa kwe-stevia kunye ne-rhizobia ekhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo kunye ne-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi kukhuthaze ukuphakama kwesityalo, i-stevioside, iiminerali, kunye nomxholo we-pigment.23 U-Oviedo-Pereira et al.24 baxele ukuba ii-endophytes ezicaphukisayo i-Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 kunye ne-H5A2 zonyusa umxholo we-SG, zavuselela uxinano lwe-trichome kumagqabi, kwaye zakhuthaza ukugonywa kwee-metabolites ezithile kwi-trichomes, kodwa azizange zikhuthaze ukukhula kwezityalo;
I-GA3 yenye yezona protein zibalulekileyo nezisebenza ngebhayoloji ezifana ne-gibberellin31. Unyango lwangaphandle lwe-stevia nge-GA3 lunokunyusa ukwandiswa kwesiqu kunye nokudubula kweentyatyambo32. Kwelinye icala, ezinye izifundo zibike ukuba i-GA3 sisishukumisi esikhuthaza izityalo ukuba zivelise ii-metabolites zesibini ezifana nee-antioxidants kunye nee-pigment, kwaye ikwayindlela yokuzikhusela33.
Ubudlelwane be-phylogenetic phakathi kwezahlulo ezahlukeneyo ngokunxulumene nezinye iintlobo zohlobo. Amanani okufikelela kwiGenBank anikwe kwizibiyeli.
Imisebenzi ye-Amylase, i-cellulase kunye ne-protease iboniswa njengeebhanti ezicacileyo ezijikeleze iikholoni, ngelixa iiprecipitates ezimhlophe ezijikeleze iikholoni zibonisa umsebenzi we-lipase. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2, i-B. paramycoides SrAM4 inokuvelisa zonke ii-hydrolases, ngelixa i-B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 inokuvelisa zonke ii-enzymes ngaphandle kwe-cellulase, kwaye i-B. licheniformis SrAM2 ivelisa i-cellulase kuphela.
Iintsholongwane ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ziye zanxulunyaniswa nokwanda kokwenziwa kwe-metabolite yesibini kwizityalo zonyango neze-aromatic74. Zonke ii-enzyme kunye nee-non-enzyme antioxidants zonyuswe kakhulu kwi-S. rebaudiana Shou-2 xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Isiphumo esihle se-PGPB kwi-TPC kwirayisi sixelwe nguChamam et al.75; Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zethu ziyahambelana neziphumo ze-TPC, TFC, kunye ne-DPPH kwi-S. rebaudiana, eyabangelwa yintshukumo edibeneyo ye-Piriformospora indica kunye ne-Azotobacter chroococcum76. I-TPC kunye ne-TFC77 zaziphezulu kakhulu kwizityalo ze-basil ezinyangwa ziintsholongwane xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo ezinganyangwanga. Ngaphezu koko, ukwanda kwee-antioxidants kunokwenzeka ngezizathu ezibini: ii-enzymes ze-hydrolytic zivuselela iindlela zokuzikhusela zezityalo ngendlela efanayo neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo de isityalo sizivumelanise ne-bacterial colonization78. Okwesibini, i-PGPB ingasebenza njengomqalisi wokungeniswa kweekhompawundi ze-bioactive ezenziwe ngendlela ye-shikimate kwizityalo eziphezulu kunye neentsholongwane 79.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obuhambelanayo phakathi kwenani lamagqabi, ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kunye nemveliso ye-SG xa iintlobo ezininzi zigonyelwa kunye. Kwelinye icala, ukugonyelwa kabini kwakungcono kunogonyelwa olunye ngokubhekiselele ekukhuleni kwesityalo kunye nemveliso.
Ii-enzymes ze-hydrolytic zifunyenwe emva kokugonyelwa kwebhaktheriya kwi-agar medium equlethe i-indicator substrate kunye nokufunxwa kwi-28 °C kangangeentsuku ezi-2-5. Emva kokugonyelwa kwebhaktheriya kwi-starch agar medium, umsebenzi we-amylase uchongiwe kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-iodine 100. Umsebenzi we-cellulase uchongiwe kusetyenziswa i-0.2% aqueous Congo red reagent ngokwendlela kaKianngam et al. 101. Umsebenzi we-protease uchongiwe ngeendawo ezicacileyo ezijikeleze iikholoni ezifakwe kwi-skim milk agar medium njengoko kuchaziwe nguCui et al. 102. Kwelinye icala, i-lipase 100 ichongiwe emva kokugonyelwa kwi-Tween agar medium.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-06-2025