Ulimo ngowona mthombo ubalulekileyo kwiimarike zehlabathi, kwaye iinkqubo ze-ikholoji zijongene nemingeni emininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi jikelele kwezichumisi zemichiza kuyakhula kwaye kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisivuno sezityalo1. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezikhuliswe ngolu hlobo azinaxesha laneleyo lokukhula kwaye zivuthwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngoko ke azifumani iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zezityalo2. Ukongeza, iikhompawundi eziyityhefu eziyingozi kakhulu zinokuqokelelana kumzimba womntu kunye nomhlaba3. Ngoko ke, kukho imfuneko yokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nezizinzileyo zokunciphisa imfuno yezichumisi zemichiza. Iimicroorganisms eziluncedo zinokuba ngumthombo obalulekileyo weekhompawundi zendalo ezisebenzayo4.
Uluntu lwe-Endophytic kumagqabi luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo zezityalo ezisingisele okanye i-genotype, isigaba sokukhula kwezityalo, kunye ne-morphology yezityalo. 13 Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaxela ukuba i-Azospirillum, i-Bacillus, i-Azotobacter, i-Pseudomonas, kunye ne-Enterobacter inamandlakhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo. 14 Ngaphezu koko, i-Bacillus kunye ne-Azospirillum zezona genera ze-PGPB ezifundwe ngokunzulu malunga nokuphucula ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nesivuno. 15 Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-co-inoculation ye-Azospirillum brasiliensis kunye ne-Bradyrhizobium kwiimbotyi zinokunyusa isivuno sombona, ingqolowa, iimbotyi zesoya, kunye neembotyi zezintso. I-16, i-17 Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-inoculation ye-Salicornia kunye ne-Bacillus licheniformis kunye nezinye i-PGPBs synergistically ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuthatha izondlo. I-18 Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 kunye ne-Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 iphucula ukukhula kweengcambu zebhanana ezimnandi. Ngokufanayo, imbewu yefennel kunzima ukuyikhulisa ngenxa yokungakhuli kakuhle kwezityalo kunye nokuntshula okuphantsi, ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo lwembalela20. Ukunyangwa kwembewu ngePseudomonas fluorescens kunye neTrichoderma harzianum kuphucula ukukhula kwangoko kwezithole zefennel phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo lwembalela21. Kwi-stevia, kuqhutywe izifundo zokuvavanya iziphumo ze-mycorrhizal fungi kunye nokukhula kwezityalo ezikhuthaza i-rhizobacteria (PGPR) kwisakhono se-organism ukukhula, ukuqokelela i-metabolites yesibini, kunye nokuvakalisa imfuza ebandakanyekayo kwi-biosynthesis. Ngokutsho kukaRahi et al.22, ukugonywa kwezityalo kunye ne-PGPRs ezahlukeneyo kuphuculwe ukukhula kwazo, i-photosynthetic index, kunye nokuqokelela kwe-stevioside kunye ne-stevioside A. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-inoculation ye-stevia kunye nezityalo ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwe-rhizobia kunye ne-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ivuselela ukuphakama kwesityalo, i-mineralvioside, kunye ne-peira-3. et al.24 ibike ukuba i-endophytes ecasulayo i-Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 kunye ne-H5A2 yandisa umxholo we-SG, ivuselela ubuninzi be-trichome kumagqabi, kwaye yakhuthaza ukuqokelela kwe-metabolites ethile kwi-trichomes, kodwa ayizange ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezityalo;
I-GA3 yenye yezona zibalulekileyo kunye ne-biologically active gibberellin-like proteins31. Unyango lwangaphandle lwe-stevia nge-GA3 lunokonyusa ubude besikhondo kunye nokudubula32. Kwelinye icala, ezinye izifundo ziye zaxela ukuba i-GA3 yi-inducer ekhuthaza izityalo ukuba zivelise i-metabolites yesibini efana ne-antioxidants kunye ne-pigments, kwaye ikwayindlela yokuzikhusela33.
Ubudlelwane bePhylogenetic bezodwa ngokunxulumene nezinye iintlobo zoxinzelelo. Iinombolo zokungena kwiGenBank zinikwe kwizibiyeli.
Imisebenzi ye-Amylase, i-cellulase kunye ne-protease iboniswa njengeebhendi ezicacileyo ezijikeleze iikholoni, ngelixa i-white precipitates ejikeleze iikoloni ibonisa umsebenzi we-lipase. Njengoko kuboniswe kwiThebhile 2, B. paramycoides SrAM4 inokuvelisa zonke i-hydrolases, ngelixa i-B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 inokuvelisa zonke i-enzymes ngaphandle kwe-cellulase, kunye ne-B. licheniformis SrAM2 ivelisa kuphela i-cellulase.
Ziliqela iigenera zemicrobial ezibalulekileyo eziye zanxulunyaniswa nokunyuswa kwe-metabolite yesibini kwizityalo zonyango kunye nevumba elimnandi74. Zonke i-antioxidants ze-enzymatic kunye ne-non-enzymatic zanda kakhulu kwi-S. rebaudiana Shou-2 xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Isiphumo esihle se-PGPB kwi-TPC kwirayisi nayo yabikwa nguChamam et al.75; Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zethu zihambelana neziphumo ze-TPC, i-TFC, kunye ne-DPPH kwi-S. rebaudiana, eyayibangelwa isenzo esidibeneyo sePiriformospora indica kunye ne-Azotobacter chroococcum76. I-TPC kunye ne-TFC77 beziphezulu kakhulu kwizityalo ze-basil ezinyangwa ngee-microorganisms xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo ezinganyangwanga. Ngaphezu koko, ukwanda kwe-antioxidants kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezibini: i-hydrolytic enzymes ivuselela iindlela zokukhusela izityalo ngendlela efanayo ne-pathogenic microorganisms de isityalo siqhelane ne-bacterial colonization78. Okwesibini, i-PGPB inokusebenza njengomqalisi wokungeniswa kwe-bioactive compounds eyenziwe ngendlela ye-shikimate kwizityalo eziphezulu kunye ne-microorganisms 79.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba kukho ubudlelwane be-synergistic phakathi kwenombolo yeqabunga, ukubonakaliswa kofuzo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-SG xa iintlobo ezininzi zifakwe ngokubambisana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-inoculation kabini yayiphezulu kune-inoculation enye malunga nokukhula kwezityalo kunye nemveliso.
I-Hydrolytic enzymes yafunyanwa emva kokugonywa kwebhaktheriya kwi-agar medium equkethe i-substrate yesalathisi kunye ne-incubation kwi-28 ° C kwiintsuku ze-2-5. Emva kokutyalwa kweebhaktheriya kwi-starch agar medium, umsebenzi we-amylase unqunywe kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-iodine 100. Umsebenzi we-Cellulase unqunywe usebenzisa i-0.2% ye-reagent ebomvu yaseCongo ngokwendlela ye-Kianngam et al. 101 . Umsebenzi weProtease wabonwa ngeendawo ezicacileyo ezingqonge iikholoni ezifakwe kwi-skim milk agar medium njengoko kuchazwe nguCui et al. 102 . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lipase 100 yafunyanwa emva kokugonywa kwi-Tween agar medium.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-06-2025