Olu phononongo luvavanye iziphumo zexesha elide ze-ABW ezintathuisibulali-zinambuzaneiinkqubo zolawulo lwe-bluegrass lwaminyaka le kunye nomgangatho we-fairway turfgrass, zombini zodwa kwaye zidibene nezinyei-paclobutrazoliinkqubo kunye nolawulo lwe-creeping bentgrass. Sicinge ukuba ukusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezikwinqanaba lomlinganiselo ukulawula i-ABW ngokuhamba kwexesha kuya kunciphisa ukugqunywa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kwiindlela ze-creeping bentgrass kunye nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol rhoqo ngenyanga kuya kuphucula ulawulo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezimbini zaza zaphindwa. Uvavanyo 1 yayiluvavanyo lwentsimi lweminyaka emibini oluqhutywe ukususela ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019 kwiindawo ezimbini ezinembali ye-ABW. Olu phononongo luhlolisise iinkqubo ezintathu zokubulala izinambuzane, ulawulo lwe-creeping bentgrass, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) rhoqo ngenyanga kwi-0.25 lb yesithako esisebenzayo nge-acre (imveliso ye-16 fl oz nge-acre; 280 g ai ngehektare) evela kwimbewu ye-bluegrass yonyaka. . Sika ngaphambi kuka-Okthobha ukuze kulawulwe i-bluegrass yonyaka.
Uphando lwenziwe ngo-2017 nango-2018 kwibala legalufa elilinganisiweyo eLoggershot 2 Farm (eNorth Brunswick, eNJ) kunye nesigqubuthelo sonyaka se-bluegrass esiqikelelwa kwi-85% ekuqaleni kovavanyo. Olu vavanyo luphindwe ngo-2018 nango-2019 kwiibala legalufa eForest Hills Course Club (eBloomfield Hills, eNJ), apho isigqubuthelo esibonakalayo sivavanywe kwi-15% ye-creeping bentgrass kunye ne-10% ye-perennial black wheat (Lolium perenne L.). Kolu vavanyo, i-75% yayiyiPoa annua.
Unyango lokuhlwayela imbewu lwaluquka ukutyala i-creeping bentgrass 007 ngesantya seponti enye yembewu ephilayo ecocekileyo kwi-1,000 square feet (iikhilogram ezingama-50 kwihektare nganye) emva kweveki enye kuqalwe inkqubo yokuthintela izibulali-zinambuzane (jonga iinkcukacha zenkqubo yezibulali-zinambuzane ngezantsi). Unyango luphindwe kane kwaye lucwangciswe njenge-2 × 3 × 2 factorial kwibhloko epheleleyo engacwangciswanga eneendawo eziqhekekileyo. Ukuhlwayela imbewu njengomlinganiselo opheleleyo wendawo, inkqubo yezibulali-zinambuzane njenge-subplot, i-paclobutrazol njenge-subplot, i-3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Le nkqubo yokuthintela yenzelwe ukuthintela umonakalo kwi-bluegrass owenzeka minyaka le ngexesha lonyaka. Iqulathe i-systemic inambuzane i-cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) esetyenziswa kwidosi emalunga ne-200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo ze-dogwood (Cornus florida L.) ukulawula i-ABW larvae yokuqalisa kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-indoxacarb (Provaunt). Isetyenziswe kwi-350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) xa i-Catawbiense Michx hybrid yayisandula ukudubula ukulawula nayiphi na i-larvae yokuqalisa kwentwasahlobo esaphilayo, kwaye i-Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) yasetyenziswa ukulawula i-larvae yokuqalisa kwentwasahlobo ehlotyeni.
Iinkqubo zomda zimisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ukulawula i-ABW de umgangatho womhlaba kwiindawo ezinganyangwanga ufikelele kumda wokonakala
Ukuze kuchongwe ngokuchanekileyo ukwakheka kweentlobo zengca ye-turf, kwabekwa iigridi ezimbini zesikwere ezingama-36 x 36 in (91 x 91 cm) ezineendawo zokunqumlana ezili-100 ezilinganayo kwiploti nganye. Chonga iintlobo ezikhoyo kwindawo nganye yokunqumlana phakathi kukaJuni no-Okthobha. Isigqubuthelo sonyaka sengca eluhlaza sasivavanywa ngokubonakalayo nyanga zonke ngexesha lokukhula lonyaka ngesikali ukusuka kwi-0% (akukho sigqubuthelo) ukuya kwi-100% (isigqubuthelo esipheleleyo). Umgangatho wengca yengca uvavanywa ngokubonakalayo kwisikali ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-9, kwaye ezi-6 zithathwa njengezivumelekileyo. Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yezinambuzane i-ABW, ubuninzi bee-larval bavavanywa kusetyenziswa ukukhupha ityuwa ekuqaleni kukaJuni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izityalo ezindala ezintsha.
Yonke idatha ihlalutywe ngokwahluka kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-GLIMMIX kwi-SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) kunye nokuphindaphinda kweziphumo ezingacwangciswanga. Uvavanyo lokuqala luhlalutywe kusetyenziswa uyilo lweploti eqhekezayo, kwaye uvavanyo lwesibini luhlalutywe kusetyenziswa uyilo lweploti eqhekezayo ye-2 × 4 engacwangciswanga. Xa kuyimfuneko, uvavanyo lwe-Fisher's Protected LSD lusetyenziselwe ukwahlula iindlela (p=0.05). Iindawo zihlalutywe ngokwahlukeneyo kuba ukusebenzisana neendawo kwenzeke ngemihla eyahlukeneyo kwaye iimpawu zendawo zahluka.
I-ABW inokunciphisa ngokukhethekileyo ukugqunywa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kwi-creeping bentgrass, kodwa kuphela ukuba umonakalo omkhulu kwi-bluegrass yonyaka uvunyelwe. Kolu vavanyo, umgangatho we-turf iyonke uncitshiswe okwethutyana kuphela ngomonakalo we-ABW kumanqanaba athathwa njengangamkelekanga ngabanye abadlali begalufa. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuba uninzi (60–80%) lwe-turfgrass yi-bluegrass yonyaka. Umonakalo kwi-creeping bentgrass I-ABW ayizange ibonwe kusetyenziswa indlela ye-threshold. Sicinga ukuba ukuze inkqubo ye-ABW yokubulala izinambuzane esekelwe kwi-threshold ilawule ngempumelelo i-bluegrass yonyaka ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-PGR, sicinga ukuba ukugqunywa kokuqala kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kuya kufuneka kube ngaphantsi ukuvumela i-ABW ukuba ibangele umonakalo omkhulu wonyaka kwi-bluegrass ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umgangatho jikelele wengca. Ukuba kuvunyelwe umonakalo omncinci ngaphambi kokutshiza i-insecticide, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ulawulo lwe-bluegrass yonyaka oluhlala ixesha elide aluyi kuba namsebenzi.
Amaqhinga okubulala izinambuzane asebenza kakhulu kwaye asebenzayo xa edibene neenkqubo zolawulo lokukhula kwezityalo. Sisebenzise i-paclobutrazol kolu phononongo, kodwa i-fluoropyrimidine inokuvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo. Ukuba isicwangciso se-ABW esisekelwe kumlinganiselo sisetyenziswa ngaphandle kwesicwangciso se-PGR, ukususwa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kusenokungahambelani okanye kungabalulekile kuba i-bluegrass yonyaka inokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo emva komonakalo ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Icebo elilungileyo kukuqala ukusetyenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol rhoqo ngenyanga entwasahlobo emva kokuba iintloko zembewu ziqhumile, vumela i-ABW yenze umonakalo ide ingasakwazi ukunyamezelwa (abaphathi okanye abanye), uze emva koko usebenzise ii-larvicides kwiidosi eziphezulu zeeleyibhile ukulawula i-ABW. Isicwangciso esidibanisa la maqhinga mabini sinika ulawulo lwe-bluegrass yonyaka olusebenzayo ngakumbi kunalo naliphi na icebo lodwa kwaye sibonelela ngamabala okudlala asemgangathweni ophezulu kuzo zonke iiveki ngaphandle kweveki enye ukuya kwezimbini zexesha lokukhula.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-25-2024