Olu pho nonongo luvavanye iziphumo zexesha elide ze-ABW ezintathuisibulali zinambuzaneiinkqubo zolawulo lwebluegrass yonyaka kunye nomgangatho we-fairway turfgrass, zombini zodwa kwaye zidityaniswe nezahlukileyopaclobutrazoliinkqubo kunye nolawulo ezirhubuluzayo bentgrass. Siye saqikelela ukuba ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala izinambuzane akwinqanaba lomqobo ukulawula i-ABW ekuhambeni kwexesha kuya kunciphisa i-bluegrass yonyaka kwi-creeping bentgrass fairways kwaye usetyenziso lwenyanga lwe-paclobutrazol luya kuphucula ngakumbi ulawulo.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iimvavanyo ezimbini zentsimi zenziwe kwaye ziphindwe. Uvavanyo loku-1 lwalulinge leminyaka emibini eliqhutywa ukusuka ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019 kwiindawo ezimbini ezinembali ye-ABW. Olu phononongo luphonononge iinkqubo ezintathu zesibulali-zinambuzane, ulawulo lwe-creeping bentgrass, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenyanga kwe-paclobutrazol (i-Trimmit 2SC, i-Syngenta) kwi-0.25 lb yesithako esisebenzayo nge-acre (16 fl oz imveliso ngehektare nganye; 280 g ai ngehektare) ukusuka kwimbewu yonyaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. . Ukutyumza phambi kuka-Oktobha kulawulo lonyaka lwebluegrass.
Uphando lwenziwe ngo-2017 nango-2018 kwibala legalufa elifanisiweyo kwiFama ye-Loggershot 2 (eMntla Brunswick, e-NJ) kunye ne-bluegrass eqikelelwa kwi-85% ekuqaleni kovavanyo. Uvavanyo lwaphindwa ngo-2018 nango-2019 kwiikhosi zegalufa eForest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), apho ukhuselo olubonakalayo lwavavanywa kwi-15% yekreeping bentgrass kunye ne-10% yengqolowa emnyama engapheliyo (Lolium perenne L.). Kuvavanyo, i-75% yayiyi-Poa annua.
Unyango lwembewu lwaluquka ukutyala i-creeping bentgrass 007 kwireyithi ye-1 pound yembewu ephilileyo ecocekileyo kwi-1,000 square feet nganye (50 kilograms ngehektare nganye) kwiveki enye emva kokuqalwa kwenkqubo ye-pesticide threshold (jonga iinkcukacha zeprogram yesibulali-zinambuzane ngezantsi). Unyango luphindwe kane kwaye lucwangciswe njenge-2 × 3 × 2 i-factorial kwi-block epheleleyo engahleliweyo kunye neeplani ezihlukeneyo. Imbewu njengomlinganiselo wesayithi opheleleyo, inkqubo ye-insecticide njenge-subplot, i-paclobutrazol njenge-subplot, i-3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Le nkqubo yothintelo yenzelwe ukuthintela umonakalo webluegrass owenzeka ngonyaka ngamnye ngexesha lonyaka. Iqulathe isitshabalalisi senkqubo ye-cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) esetyenziswa kwidosi emalunga nama-200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) ngexesha lokudubula kade kwe-dogwood (Cornus florida L.) ukulawula imibungu ye-ABW ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo phambi kokusebenzisa i-indoxacarb (Provaunt) . yasetyenziswa malunga ne-350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) xa iCatawbiense Michx hybrid yayikwintyatyambo yokulawula nayiphi na imibungu ephilayo yesizukulwana sasentlakohlaza, kwaye iSpinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) yasetyenziswa ukulawula imibungu yesizukulwana sokuqala ehlotyeni.
Iinkqubo ze-Threshold ziyakunqumamisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ukulawula i-ABW de umgangatho we-turf kwiindawo ezingaphathwanga ufikelele kumda wokuwohloka.
Ukumisela ngokungakhethiyo ukwakheka kweentlobo ze-turfgrass, ezimbini ezingama-36 x 36 kwi (91 x 91 cm) iigridi zesikweri ezineendawo ezili-100 ezilinganayo zokuhlangana ziye zabekwa kwiploti nganye. Chonga iintlobo ezikhoyo kwisiphambuka ngasinye phakathi kukaJuni no-Oktobha. Ukhuselo lonyaka lwebluegrass lwavavanywa ngokubonakalayo ngenyanga ngexesha lokukhula lonyaka ngokwesikali ukusuka kwi-0% (akukho khuselo) ukuya kwi-100% (ikhava epheleleyo). Umgangatho wengca yengca uvavanywa ngokubonakalayo kwisikali esi-1 ukuya ku-9, nesi-6 sithathwa njengesamkelekileyo. Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-ABW yezinambuzane, ukuxinana kwemibungu kwavavanywa kusetyenziswa ukutsalwa kwetyuwa ekuqaleni kukaJuni ngaphambi kokuba abantu abadala abatsha baqale ukuvela.
Zonke iinkcukacha zixhomekeke kuhlalutyo lokuhluka usebenzisa inkqubo ye-GLMMIX kwi-SAS (v9.4, i-SAS Institute) kunye nokuphindaphinda okungahleliwe. Uvavanyo lokuqala lwahlalutywa kusetyenziswa uyilo lolwahlulo lweploti, kwaye uvavanyo lwesibini lwahlalutywa kusetyenziswa i-2 × 4 yoyilo lweploti yolwahlulo olungenamkhethe. Xa kuyimfuneko, uvavanyo lwe-Fisher's Protected LSD lwasetyenziswa ukwahlula iindlela (p=0.05). Iisayithi zahlalutywa ngokwahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano kunye nesayithi lwenzeke ngemihla eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zendawo.
I-ABW inokukhetha ukunciphisa i-bluegrass yonyaka kwi-creeping bentgrass, kodwa kuphela ukuba umonakalo omkhulu kwi-bluegrass yonyaka uvumelekile. Kolu vavanyo, umgangatho we-turf ngokubanzi wancitshiswa okwexeshana kuphela ngumonakalo we-ABW ukuya kumanqanaba athathwa njengangamkelekanga ngabanye abadlali begalufa. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuba uninzi (60–80%) lwengca eluhlaza yingca eluhlaza. Umonakalo kwi-bentgrass erhubuluzayo i-ABW ayizange ibonwe kusetyenziswa indlela ye-threshold. Sikrokrela ukuba ukuze inkqubo ye-ABW esekelwe kwi-insecticide ilawule ngokufanelekileyo i-bluegrass yonyaka ngaphandle kweprogram ye-PGR, sikrokrela ukuba ukugubungela kokuqala kwe-bluegrass kuya kufuneka kube ngaphantsi ukuvumela i-ABW ukuba ibangele umonakalo omkhulu wonyaka kwi-bluegrass ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umgangatho jikelele we ingca. Ukuba kuphela umonakalo omncinci ovunyelweyo ngaphambi kokutshizwa kwe-insecticide, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ulawulo lwexesha elide lonyaka lwe-bluegrass luya kuba yinto engathandabuzekiyo.
Amaqhinga okubulala izinambuzane e-Threshold asebenza kakhulu kwaye ayasebenza xa zidityaniswa neenkqubo zolawulo lokukhula kwezityalo. Sasebenzisa i-paclobutrazol kolu cwaningo, kodwa i-fluoropyrimidine inokuvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo. Ukuba isicwangciso esisekelwe kwi-ABW sisetyenziswe ngaphandle kwesicwangciso se-PGR, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kungenakuhambelana okanye kubaluleke kakhulu kuba i-bluegrass yonyaka inokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza kumonakalo ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Esona sicwangciso silungileyo kukuqalisa izicelo zenyanga ze-paclobutrazol entwasahlobo emva kokuba iintloko zembewu ziqhekekile, vumela i-ABW yenze umonakalo de ingabinako ukunyamezela (abaphathi okanye abanye), kwaye emva koko isebenzise i-larvicides kwiidosi eziphezulu zelebula ukulawula i-ABW. . Isicwangciso esidibanisa ezi zicwangciso zibini zibonelela ngolawulo olusebenzayo lonyaka lwebluegrass kunokuba nokuba sisicwangciso sodwa kwaye sibonelela ngamabala okudlala akumgangatho ophezulu kubo bonke ngaphandle kweveki enye ukuya kwezimbini zexesha lokukhula.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-25-2024