Abalawuli bokukhulainokuphucula umgangatho kunye nemveliso yemithi yeziqhamo. Olu phononongo lwenziwe kwiSikhululo soPhando lwePalm kwiPhondo laseBushehr iminyaka emibini ilandelelana kwaye lujolise ekuvavanyeni imiphumo yokutshiza ngaphambi kokuvunwa ngabalawuli bokukhula kwiimpawu zefiziksi zeziqhamo zesundu (Phoenix dactylifera cv. 'Shahabi') kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar. Kunyaka wokuqala, iziqwenga zeziqhamo zale mithi zatshizwa kwisigaba se-kimri kwaye kunyaka wesibini kwizigaba ze-kimri kunye ne-hababouk + kimri nge-NAA (100 mg/L), GA3 (100 mg/L), KI (100 mg/L), SA (50 mg/L), Put (1.288 × 103 mg/L) kunye namanzi acocekileyo njengolawulo. Ukutshiza ngefoliar kwazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo kwizigaba ze-cultivar yedethi 'Shahabi' kwisigaba se-kimry akuzange kube nefuthe elikhulu kwimilinganiselo efana nobude besiqhamo, ububanzi, ubunzima kunye nomthamo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, kodwa ukutshiza ngefoliar ngeI-NAAkwaye kwinqanaba elithile i-Put kwinqanaba le-hababouk + kimry ibangele ukwanda okukhulu kwezi parameters kwinqanaba le-halal kunye ne-tamar. Ukutshiza ngefoliar kunye nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kobunzima be-pulp kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar. Kwinqanaba lokudubula, ubunzima beqela kunye nepesenti yesivuno zinyuke kakhulu emva kokutshiza ngefoliar nge-Put, SA,I-GA3kwaye ngakumbi i-NAA xa ithelekiswa nolawulo. Ngokubanzi, ipesenti yokuhla kwesiqhamo yayiphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izilawuli zokukhula njengoko i-foliar spray kwinqanaba le-hababouk + kimry xa kuthelekiswa ne-foliar spray kwinqanaba le-kimry. Ukutshiza nge-foliar kwinqanaba le-kimri kunciphisa kakhulu inani lokuhla kwesiqhamo, kodwa ukutshiza nge-foliar nge-NAA, i-GA3 kunye ne-SA kwinqanaba le-hababook + kimri kwandisa kakhulu inani lokuhla kwesiqhamo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Ukutshiza nge-foliar ngazo zonke ii-PGR kwizigaba ze-kimri kunye ne-hababook + kimri kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwipesenti ye-TSS kunye nepesenti yee-carbohydrates iyonke xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar. Ukutshiza nge-foliar ngazo zonke ii-PGR kwizigaba ze-kimri kunye ne-hababook + kimri kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwipesenti ye-TA kwinqanaba le-halal xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.
Ukongezwa kwe-100 mg/L NAA ngenaliti kwandisa ubunzima beqela kwaye kwaphucula iimpawu zomzimba zeziqhamo ezifana nobunzima, ubude, ububanzi, ubungakanani, ipesenti ye-pulp kunye ne-TSS kwi-cultivar yesundu se-date 'Kabkab'. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima beenkozo, ipesenti ye-acidity kunye nomxholo weswekile onganciphisiyo azitshintshwanga. I-GA yangaphandle ayizange ibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwipesenti ye-pulp kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lweziqhamo kwaye i-NAA yayinepesenti ephezulu ye-pulp8.
Izifundo ezinxulumene noko zibonise ukuba xa uxinaniso lwe-IAA lufikelela kwi-150 mg/L, izinga lokuhla kweziqhamo kuzo zombini iintlobo ze-jujube liyancipha kakhulu. Xa uxinaniso luphezulu, izinga lokuhla kweziqhamo liyanda. Emva kokusebenzisa ezi zilawuli zokukhula, ubunzima beziqhamo, ububanzi kunye nobunzima beqela buyanda nge-11.
Uhlobo lweShahabi luluhlobo olufutshane lweedate kwaye luyakwazi ukumelana namanzi amancinci.
Esi siqhamo sinamandla okugcina ukutya okuphezulu. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, sikhuliswa ngobuninzi kwiphondo laseBushehr. Kodwa enye yezinto ezingalunganga kukuba esi siqhamo asinamaxolo amaninzi kunye nelitye elikhulu. Ke ngoko, nayiphi na imizamo yokuphucula ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wesiqhamo, ingakumbi ukwandisa ubungakanani besiqhamo, ubunzima, kwaye ekugqibeleni, isivuno, inokunyusa ingeniso yabavelisi.
Ngoko ke, injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuphucula iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali zeziqhamo zesundu kusetyenziswa abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokukhetha ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwePut, silungiselele zonke ezi zisombululo ngosuku olungaphambi kokutshiza i-foliar saza sazigcina efrijini. Kolu phononongo, isisombululo sePut salungiswa ngomhla wokutshiza i-foliar. Sisebenzise isisombululo sokulawula ukukhula esifunekayo kwiiqoqo zeziqhamo sisebenzisa indlela yokutshiza i-foliar. Ngoko ke, emva kokukhetha imithi efunekayo kunyaka wokuqala, kwakhethwa amaqela amathathu eziqhamo kumacala ahlukeneyo omthi ngamnye kwinqanaba le-kimry ngoMeyi, unyango olufunekayo lwasetyenziswa kwiiqoqo, kwaye zabhalwa iilebhile. Kunyaka wesibini, ukubaluleka kwengxaki kwafuna utshintsho, kwaye kuloo nyaka kwakhethwa amaqela amane kumthi ngamnye, amabini kuwo ayekwinqanaba le-hababuk ngo-Epreli kwaye angena kwinqanaba le-kimry ngoMeyi. Amaqela amabini eziqhamo kuphela kumthi ngamnye okhethiweyo ayekwinqanaba le-kimry, kwaye kwasetyenziswa abalawuli bokukhula. Kwasetyenziswa isitshizi sesandla ukufaka isisombululo kunye nokuncamathisela iilebhile. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, tshiza amaqela eziqhamo kwangethuba kusasa. Sikhethe ngokungacwangciswanga iisampulu zeziqhamo ezininzi kwiqoqo ngalinye kwinqanaba le-halal ngoJuni nakwinqanaba le-tamar ngoSeptemba kwaye senze umlinganiselo ofunekayo weziqhamo ukuze sifunde imiphumo yabalawuli bokukhula abahlukeneyo kwiimpawu ze-physicochemical zeziqhamo zohlobo lweShahabi. Ukuqokelelwa kwezinto zezityalo kwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo nemithetho efanelekileyo yesikhungo, yesizwe neyehlabathi, kwaye kwafunyanwa imvume yokuqokelela izinto zesityalo.
Ukuze silinganise umthamo weziqhamo kwinqanaba le-halal nele-tamar, sikhethe ngokungacwangciswanga iziqhamo ezilishumi kwiqela ngalinye kwikopi nganye ehambelana neqela ngalinye lonyango kwaye silinganise umthamo weziqhamo emva kokuntywiliselwa emanzini saza sahlulahlula ngeshumi ukuze sifumane umthamo weziqhamo oqhelekileyo.
Ukuze silinganise ipesenti ye-pulp kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar, sikhethe ngokungacwangciswanga iziqhamo ezili-10 kwiqela ngalinye lonyango kwaye silinganise ubunzima bazo sisebenzisa isikali se-elektroniki. Emva koko sahlula i-pulp embindini, salinganisa inxalenye nganye ngokwahlukeneyo, saza sahlula ixabiso lilonke nge-10 ukuze sifumane ubunzima obuqhelekileyo be-pulp. Ubunzima be-pulp bungabalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula ilandelayo1,2.
Ukuze silinganise ipesenti yokufuma kwisigaba se-halal kunye ne-tamar, silinganise i-100 g ye-pulp entsha evela kwinqwaba nganye kwiqela ngalinye lonyango sisebenzisa isikali se-elektroniki kwaye siyibhaka kwi-oven kwi-70 °C inyanga enye. Emva koko, silinganise isampuli eyomileyo kwaye sibala ipesenti yokufuma sisebenzisa le fomyula ilandelayo:
Ukulinganisa izinga lokuwa kweziqhamo, sibale inani leziqhamo kwiiqoqo ezi-5 saza sabala izinga lokuwa kweziqhamo sisebenzisa le fomyula ilandelayo:
Sisuse zonke iziqwenga zeziqhamo kwisundu esiphathweyo saza sazilinganisa ngesikali. Ngokusekelwe kwinani leziqwenga kumthi ngamnye kunye nomgama ophakathi kokutyala, sikwazile ukubala ukwanda kwesivuno.
Ixabiso le-pH yejusi libonakalisa i-asidi okanye i-alkalinity yayo kwisigaba se-halal kunye ne-tamar. Sikhethe ngokungacwangciswanga iziqhamo ezili-10 kwiqoqo ngalinye kwiqela ngalinye lovavanyo kwaye silinganise i-1 g ye-pulp. Songeze i-9 ml yamanzi acociweyo kwisisombululo sokukhupha kwaye silinganisa i-pH yesiqhamo sisebenzisa i-JENWAY 351018 pH meter.
Ukutshiza ngefoliar kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zokulawula ukukhula kwinqanaba le-kimry kunciphise kakhulu ukuhla kweziqhamo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo (Umzobo 1). Ukongeza, ukutshiza ngefoliar nge-NAA kwiintlobo ze-hababuk + kimry kunyuse kakhulu izinga lokuhla kweziqhamo xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo. Ipesenti ephezulu yokuhla kweziqhamo (71.21%) ibonwe ngokutshiza ngefoliar nge-NAA kwinqanaba le-hababuk + kimry, kwaye ipesenti ephantsi yokuhla kweziqhamo (19.00%) ibonwe ngokutshiza ngefoliar nge-GA3 kwinqanaba le-kimry.
Kuzo zonke iindlela zonyango, umxholo we-TSS kwinqanaba le-halal wawuphantsi kakhulu kunalowo kwinqanaba le-tamar. Ukutshiza ngefoliar kuzo zonke ii-PGR kwinqanaba le-kimri kunye ne-hababuk + kimri kubangele ukwehla komxholo we-TSS kwinqanaba le-halal kunye ne-tamar xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo (Umzobo 2A).
Isiphumo sokutshiza amagqabi kunye nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kwiimpawu zeekhemikhali (A: TSS, B: TA, C: pH kunye no-D: iicarbohydrates zizonke) kwizigaba zeKhababuck kunye neKimry. Amaxabiso aphakathi alandela oonobumba abafanayo kwikholamu nganye awahlukanga kakhulu kwi-p< 0.05 (uvavanyo lwe-LSD). Faka i-putrescine, i-SA - i-salicylic acid (SA), i-NAA - i-naphthylacetic acid, i-KI - i-kinetin, i-GA3 - i-gibberellic acid.
Kwinqanaba le-halal, bonke abalawuli bokukhula bonyuse kakhulu i-TA yesiqhamo sonke, kungekho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwabo xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo (Umzobo 2B). Ngexesha le-tamar, umxholo we-TA we-foliar sprays wawuphantsi kwixesha le-kababuk + kimri. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mahluko mkhulu ufunyenweyo kuyo nayiphi na i-NAA foliar sprays kwixesha le-kimri kunye ne-kimri + kababuk kunye ne-GA3 foliar sprays kwixesha le-kababuk + kababuk. Kweli nqanaba, i-TA ephezulu (0.13%) yabonwa ukuphendula kwi-NAA, SA, kunye ne-GA3.
Iziphumo zethu malunga nokuphuculwa kweempawu zomzimba zeziqhamo (ubude, ububanzi, ubunzima, umthamo kunye nepesenti ye-pulp) emva kokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ukukhula kwimithi ye-jujube ziyahambelana nedatha yeHesami kunye ne-Abdi8.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-17-2025