Izilawuli zokukhulainokuphucula umgangatho kunye nemveliso yemithi yeziqhamo. Olu phononongo luqhutywe kwiSikhululo soPhando sePalm kwiPhondo laseBushehr iminyaka emibini elandelelanayo kwaye lujolise ekuvavanyeni iziphumo zokutshizwa kwangaphambili kokuvuna kunye nokulawula ukukhula kwiimpawu zephysicochemical zedate palm (Phoenix dactylifera cv. 'Shahabi') iziqhamo kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar. Kunyaka wokuqala, iziqwenga zeziqhamo zale mithi zatshizwa kwinqanaba le-kimri kwaye kunyaka wesibini kwinqanaba le-kimri kunye ne-hababouk + kimri kunye ne-NAA (100 mg/L), GA3 (100 mg/L), KI (100 mg/L), SA (50 mg/L), Beka (1.288 × 103 mg/L) kunye ne-disti. Ukutshiza ngeFoliar kuzo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kwesityalo kwizithungu zomhlanganisela weDate 'Shahabi' kwinqanaba lekimry akuzange kube nampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwimilinganiselo efana nobude besiqhamo, ububanzi, ubunzima kunye nomthamo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, kodwa ukutshiza ngefoliarNAAkwaye ukusa kumlinganiselo othile uKubeka kwinqanaba le-hababouk + kimry kubangele ukwanda okubonakalayo kwezi parameters kwinqanaba le-halal ne-tamar. Ukutshiza nge-Foliar nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kukhokelele ekonyukeni okukhulu kobunzima be-pulp kuzo zombini izigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar. Kwinqanaba lokuntshula kweentyatyambo, ubunzima beqela kunye nepesenti yesivuno bunyuke kakhulu emva kokutshiza ngamahlamvu ngePut, SA,GA3kwaye ngakumbi i-NAA xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Lilonke, ipesenti yokuhla kweziqhamo ibiphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izilawuli zokukhula njenge-foliar spray kwinqanaba le-hababouk + kimry xa kuthelekiswa nesitshizi se-foliar kwinqanaba le-kimry. Ukutshiza ngeFoliar kwinqanaba le-kimri kwehlise kakhulu inani lokuwa kweziqhamo, kodwa ukutshiza nge-Foliar nge-NAA, GA3 kunye ne-SA kwinqanaba le-hababook + ikimri kwandisa kakhulu inani lokuhla kweziqhamo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Ukutshiza nge-Foliar nazo zonke ii-PGR kwizigaba ze-kimri kunye ne-hababook + kimri kubangele ukuhla okubonakalayo kwipesenti ye-TSS kunye nepesenti yeecarbohydrates zizonke xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar. Ukutshiza nge-Foliar kunye nazo zonke ii-PGR kwizigaba ze-kimri kunye ne-hababook + kimri kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwipesenti ye-TA kwinqanaba le-halal xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.
Ukongezwa kwe-100 mg/L NAA ngesitofu kwandisa ubunzima bobunzima kunye nophuculo lweempawu ezibonakalayo zeziqhamo ezifana nobunzima, ubude, ububanzi, ubukhulu, ipesenti yepulp kunye ne-TSS kumhlanganisela wedate palm 'Kabkab'. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bengqolowa, ipesenti ye-asidi kunye nomxholo weswekile ongancitshiyo awuzange utshintshwe. I-Exogenous GA ayizange ibe nampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwipesenti yepulp kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ophuhliso lweziqhamo kwaye i-NAA yayinepesenti ephezulu yepulp8.
Izifundo ezihambelanayo zibonise ukuba xa i-IAA yoxinaniso ifikelela kwi-150 mg / L, isantya sokuhla kweziqhamo zombini iintlobo ze-jujube ziyancipha kakhulu. Xa ugxininiso luphezulu, izinga lokuhla kweziqhamo liyenyuka. Emva kokusebenzisa ezi zilawuli zokukhula, ubunzima beziqhamo, ububanzi kunye nobunzima beqela bunyuka nge-11.
Uhlobo lwe-Shahabi luluhlu oluncinci lweentsuku kwaye luxhathisa kakhulu kumanzi amancinci. Kwakhona,
Isiqhamo sinomthamo ophezulu wokugcina. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, ikhuliswe ngobuninzi kwiphondo laseBushehr. Kodwa enye yeengxaki zayo kukuba isiqhamo sine-pulp encinci kunye nelitye elikhulu. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na imizamo yokuphucula ubuninzi kunye nomgangatho wesiqhamo, ngokukodwa ukwandisa ubungakanani besiqhamo, ubunzima kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isivuno, sinokunyusa ingeniso yabavelisi.
Ngoko ke, injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuphucula iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zeziqhamo zesundu ngokusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo kwaye ukhethe eyona ndlela ilungileyo.
Ngaphandle kwePut, silungiselele zonke ezi zisombululo ngosuku ngaphambi kokutshiza ngamahlamvu kwaye sizigcine efrijini. Kuphononongo, isisombululo se-Put salungiswa ngomhla wokutshiza ngamahlamvu. Sasebenzisa isisombululo esifunekayo sokulawula ukukhula kumaqela eziqhamo sisebenzisa indlela yokutshiza ngamahlamvu. Ngaloo ndlela, emva kokukhetha imithi efunwayo kunyaka wokuqala, amaqela amathathu eziqhamo akhethwa kumacala ahlukeneyo omthi ngamnye kwinqanaba le-kimry ngoMeyi, unyango olufunwayo lusetyenziswe kumaqela, kwaye abhalwe. Kunyaka wesibini, ukubaluleka kwengxaki kufuna utshintsho, yaye ngaloo nyaka kwakhethwa amaqela amane kumthi ngamnye, amabini kuwo awayekwinqanaba lehababuk ngoAprili aza angena kwinqanaba lekimry ngoMeyi. Kuphela ngamaqela amabini eziqhamo kumthi ngamnye okhethiweyo awayekwinqanaba lekimry, kwaye kwasetyenziswa nolawulo lokukhula. Isitshizi ngesandla sasetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa isisombululo kwaye sincamathelise iilebhile. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono, fafaza iziqhamo kwangentseni. Sikhethe ngokungacwangciswanga iisampulu zeziqhamo ezininzi kwiqela ngalinye kwinqanaba le-halal ngoJuni nakwinqanaba le-tamar ngoSeptemba kwaye senza imilinganiselo efunekayo yeziqhamo ukufunda iziphumo zabalawuli abahlukeneyo bokukhula kwiipropathi ze-physicochemical zeziqhamo zohlobo lwe-Shahabi. Ukuqokelelwa kwemathiriyeli yezityalo kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemigaqo nemithetho yeziko, yesizwe neyezizwe ngezizwe, kwaye kwafunyanwa imvume yokuqokelela imathiriyeli yezityalo.
Ukulinganisa umthamo weziqhamo kwinqanaba le-halal kunye ne-tamar, sikhethe ngokungakhethiyo iziqhamo ezilishumi kwiqela ngalinye kwi-replicate nganye ehambelana neqela ngalinye lonyango kwaye silinganisa umthamo weziqhamo zizonke emva kokuntywiliselwa emanzini kwaye sahlulahlula ngeshumi ukufumana umthamo wesiqhamo esiphakathi.
Ukulinganisa ipesenti ye-pulp kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar, sikhethe ngokungakhethi iziqhamo ezili-10 kwiqela ngalinye leqela lonyango kwaye silinganise ubunzima bazo ngokusebenzisa isikali sombane. Emva koko sahlula i-pulp kwi-core, silinganisa inxalenye nganye ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye sahlula ixabiso elipheleleyo nge-10 ukufumana ubunzima obuphakathi. Ubunzima be-pulp bungabalwa ngokusebenzisa le fomula ilandelayo1,2.
Ukulinganisa ipesenti yokufuma kwinqanaba le-halal kunye ne-tamar, silinganise i-100 g ye-pulp entsha ukusuka kwi-replicate nganye kwiqela ngalinye lonyango kusetyenziswa isikali sombane kwaye siyibhake kwi-oven engu-70 °C inyanga enye. Emva koko, silinganise isampulu eyomileyo kwaye sibale ipesenti yokufuma sisebenzisa le fomula ilandelayo:
Ukulinganisa isantya sokuhla kweziqhamo, sibale inani leziqhamo kwii-5 zeqela kwaye sibale isantya sokuhla kwesiqhamo sisebenzisa le fomula ilandelayo:
Sasusa zonke iziqwenga zeziqhamo kwiintende eziphathwayo kwaye sizilinganise kwisikali. Ngokusekelwe kwinani leebhuntshi ngomthi kunye nomgama phakathi kokutyala, siye sakwazi ukubala ukunyuka kwesivuno.
Ixabiso le-pH lejusi libonisa ubumuncu bayo okanye i-alkalinity kwinqanaba le-halal kunye ne-tamar. Sikhethe ngokungaqhelekanga iziqhamo ezili-10 kwiqela ngalinye kwiqela ngalinye lokulinga kwaye silinganise i-1 g yepulp. Songeza i-9 ml yamanzi adibeneyo kwisisombululo sokukhupha kwaye silinganisa i-pH yesiqhamo usebenzisa i-JENWAY 351018 pH meter.
Ukutshiza nge-Foliar nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kwinqanaba le-kimry kunciphisa kakhulu ukuhla kweziqhamo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo (Umfanekiso 1). Ukongeza, ukutshiza nge foliar nge NAA kwiintlobo ze hababuk + kimry zonyuse kakhulu izinga leziqhamo xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo. Eyona pesenti iphezulu yokuwa kweziqhamo (71.21%) yabonwa ngokutshizwa ngamahlamvu ngeNAA kwinqanaba le-hababuk + kimry, kwaye eyona pesenti iphantsi yokuhla kweziqhamo (19.00%) yabonwa ngokutshizwa kwamagqabi nge GA3 kwinqanaba lekimry.
Phakathi kwazo zonke unyango, umxholo we-TSS kwinqanaba le-halal wawusezantsi kakhulu kunoko kwinqanaba le-tamar. Ukutshiza nge-Foliar nazo zonke ii-PGR kwizigaba ze-kimri ne-hababuk + kimri kubangele ukuhla komxholo we-TSS kwizigaba ze-halal kunye ne-tamar xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo (Umfanekiso 2A).
Isiphumo sokutshiza ngamagqabi nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kwiimpawu zekhemikhali (A: TSS, B: TA, C: pH kunye no-D: iicarbohydrates zizonke) kwizigaba zeKhababuck neKimry. Amaxabiso athethwayo alandela oonobumba abafanayo kwikholamu nganye awahlukanga kakhulu kwi p<0.05 (uvavanyo lwe-LSD). Beka i-purescine, i-SA - i-salicylic acid (SA), i-NAA - i-naphthylacetic acid, i-KI - kinetin, i-GA3 - i-gibberellic acid.
Kwinqanaba le-halal, zonke izilawuli zokukhula zandisa kakhulu isiqhamo sonke se-TA, kungekho mahluko abalulekileyo phakathi kwabo xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo (Umfanekiso 2B). Ngethuba lexesha le-tamar, umxholo we-TA wezitshizi ze-foliar wawuphantsi kakhulu kwixesha le-kababuk + kimri. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo ofunyenweyo nakuphi na ukulawulwa kokukhula kwezityalo, ngaphandle kwe-NAA foliar sprays kwixesha lekimri kunye nekimri + kababuk kunye ne-GA3 ye-foliar sprays kwixesha le-kababuk + kababuk. Kweli nqanaba, i-TA ephezulu (0.13%) yabonwa ngokuphendula i-NAA, i-SA, kunye ne-GA3.
Iziphumo zethu ekuphuculweni kweempawu ezibonakalayo zeziqhamo (ubude, ububanzi, ubunzima, umthamo kunye nepesenteji yepulp) emva kokusetyenziswa kwabalawuli abahlukeneyo bokukhula kwimithi ye-jujube ihambelana nedatha ye-Hesami kunye ne-Abdi8.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-17-2025