I-Kiwifruit ngumthi weziqhamo we-dioecious ofuna ukuthunyelwa kwe-pollination kwiziqhamo ezisetwe zizityalo zabasetyhini. Kolu phononongo, iumlawuli wokukhula kwezityaloI-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) isetyenziswe kwi-Chinese kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') ukukhuthaza isethi yeziqhamo, ukuphucula umgangatho weziqhamo kunye nokunyusa isivuno. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba usetyenziso lwangaphandle lwe-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) lubangele ngokufanelekileyo i-parthenocarpy kwi-kiwifruit yaseTshayina kwaye iphucule kakhulu umgangatho weziqhamo. Kwiintsuku eziyi-140 emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo, izinga lokumisela iziqhamo ze-parthenocarpic eziphathwe nge-2,4-D zafikelela kwi-16.95%. Ubume be-pollen yeentyatyambo zasetyhini eziphathwe nge-2,4-D kunye namanzi zahlukile, kwaye i-pollen esebenzayo ayizange ibonwe. Ekukhuleni, iziqhamo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D zazincinci kunezo ziphantsi kweqela lokulawula, kwaye i-peel, inyama kunye nokuqina kwayo yayihluke kakhulu kwiqela lolawulo. Kwakungekho nantlukwano ebalulekileyo kumxholo we-soluble solids phakathi kwe-2,4-D-iziqhamo eziphathwayo kunye neziqhamo zokulawula ekukhuleni, kodwa umxholo owomileyo weziqhamo eziphathwayo ze-2,4-D zazingaphantsi kunezo zeziqhamo ze-pollinated.
Kule minyaka yangoku,izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo (PGR)zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo ze-horticultural. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olubanzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy kwi-kiwi ayizange yenziwe. Kweli phepha, umphumo wokulawula ukukhula kwesityalo i-2,4-D kwi-parthenocarpy kwi-kiwi yeentlobo ze-Dunghong kunye noshintsho kwimichiza yayo yonke yafundwa. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zibonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi sokusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo ukuphucula isiqhamo sekiwi kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo ngokubanzi.
Uvavanyo lwenziwe kwiNational Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank yase Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences ngo-2024. Imithi emithathu esempilweni, engenazifo, eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ye-Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' yakhethelwa umfuniselo, kwaye ama-250 aqhele ukuphuhliswa amathupha entyatyambo kumthi ngamnye asetyenziswa njengezinto zovavanyo.
I-Parthenocarpy ivumela isiqhamo ukuba siphuhlise ngempumelelo ngaphandle kwe-pollination, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu phantsi kweemeko ezilinganiselweyo. Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba i-parthenocarpy ivumela ukusekwa kweziqhamo kunye nophuhliso ngaphandle kokuvuthela kunye nokuchumisa, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa imveliso ezinzileyo phantsi kweemeko eziphantsi. Ukubanakho kweparthenocarpy kusekukwazini kwayo ukukhulisa isiqhamo phantsi kweemeko ezimbi zokusingqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umgangatho wesityalo kunye nesivuno, ngakumbi xa iinkonzo zokuhambisa ipoleni zinqongophele okanye zingekho. Imiba yokusingqongileyo efana nokuqina kokukhanya, ifotoperiod, ubushushu, kunye nokufuma kunokuchaphazela i-2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy kwikiwifruit. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezivaliweyo okanye ezinomthunzi, utshintsho kwiimeko zokukhanya zingasebenzisana ne-2,4-D ukuguqula i-auxin ye-endogenous metabolism, enokuthi ikhulise okanye ithintele ukukhula kwesiqhamo se-parthenocarpic ngokuxhomekeke kwicultivar. Ukongeza, ukugcina ubushushu obuzinzileyo kunye nokufuma kwindawo elawulwayo kunceda ukugcina umsebenzi wehomoni kunye nokwandisa iseti yeziqhamo [39]. Izifundo zexesha elizayo zicwangciselwe ukuqhubela phambili ukuphonononga ukulungiswa kweemeko zokusingqongileyo (ukukhanya, ubushushu, kunye nokufuma) kwiinkqubo ezikhulayo ezilawulwayo zokuphucula i-2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy ngelixa kugcinwa umgangatho weziqhamo. Indlela yolawulo lokusingqongileyo ye-parthenocarpy isafuna uphando olongezelelweyo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ugxininiso oluphantsi lwe-2,4-D (5 ppm kunye ne-10 ppm) lunokwenza ngempumelelo i-parthenocarpy kwitumata kwaye ivelise iziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezingenazimbewu [37]. Iziqhamo zeParthenocarpic azinambewu kwaye zikumgangatho ophezulu, nto leyo ezenza zibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kubathengi [38]. Kuba imathiriyeli yovavanyo ye-kiwifruit sisityalo se-dioecious, iindlela zemveli zokudluliselwa kwepoleni zifuna ungenelelo lwezandla kwaye zisebenza kakhulu. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, olu phononongo lusebenzise i-2,4-D ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy kwi-kiwifruit, ethintele ngokufanelekileyo ukufa kweziqhamo okubangelwa ziintyatyambo zabasetyhini ezingavulwanga. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba iziqhamo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D ziphuhliswe ngempumelelo, kwaye inani lembewu lalingaphantsi kakhulu kunelo leziqhamo ezenziweyo, kwaye umgangatho wesiqhamo nawo uphuculwe kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy ngonyango lwehomoni kunokoyisa iingxaki ze-pollination kwaye kuvelise iziqhamo ezingenazimbewu, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulinyweni kwentengiso.
Kolu phononongo, iindlela ze-2,4-D (2,4-D) ekuphuhliseni iziqhamo ezingenazimbewu kunye nomgangatho wecultivar yase-Chinese kiwifruit 'Donghong' zaphandwa ngokucwangcisiweyo. Ngokusekelwe kwizifundo zangaphambili ezibonisa ukuba i-2,4-D inokubangela ukubunjwa kwesiqhamo esingenambewu kwi-kiwifruit, olu phononongo lujolise ekucaciseni iziphumo zolawulo lwe-2,4-D yangaphandle yonyango kwi-dynamics yophuhliso lweziqhamo kunye nokwakheka komgangatho weziqhamo. Iziphumo zacacisa indima yolawulo lokukhula kwezityalo kuphuhliso lwekiwifruit engenambewu kwaye yaseka isicwangciso sonyango se-2,4-D esibonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sephysiological kuphuhliso lwemihlanganisela emitsha yekiwifruit engenambewu. Olu phononongo luneziphumo ezisebenzayo ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kweshishini le-kiwifruit.
Olu phononongo lubonise ukusebenza konyango lwe-2,4-D ekufakeni i-parthenocarpy kumhlanganisela we-kiwifruit yaseTshayina 'i-Donghong'. Iimpawu zangaphandle (kuquka ubunzima kunye nobukhulu besiqhamo) kunye neempawu zangaphakathi (ezifana neswekile kunye nesiqulatho seasidi) ngexesha lophuhliso lweziqhamo zaphandwa. Unyango nge-0.5 mg/L 2,4-D luphucule kakhulu umgangatho weemvakalelo zesiqhamo ngokwandisa ubuswiti kunye nokuncipha kweasidi. Ngenxa yoko, umlinganiselo weswekile/asidi unyuke kakhulu, nto leyo ephucule umgangatho weziqhamo zizonke. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko obonakalayo ufunyenwe kubunzima beziqhamo kunye nomxholo owomileyo phakathi kwe-2,4-D-ephathwe kunye neziqhamo ze-pollinated. Olu phononongo lubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwi-parthenocarpy kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho weziqhamo kwi-kiwifruit. Ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kunokusebenza njengenye indlela yabalimi bekiwifruit abajolise ekuveliseni iziqhamo kunye nokuzuza izivuno eziphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindidi zamadoda (i-pollinated) kunye ne-pollination eyenziwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-02-2025