I-Kiwifruit ngumthi weziqhamo ovelisa i-dioecious ofuna ukuvundiswa kweziqhamo ezizaliswa zizityalo ezibhinqileyo. Kolu phononongo,umlawuli wokukhula kwezityaloI-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) isetyenziswe kwi-Chinese kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') ukukhuthaza iziqhamo ezihlala ixesha elide, ukuphucula umgangatho weziqhamo kunye nokunyusa isivuno. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) ngaphandle kwayo kwabangela i-parthenocarpy kwi-Chinese kiwifruit kwaye kwaphucula kakhulu umgangatho weziqhamo. Emva kweentsuku ezili-140 emva kokudubula, izinga leziqhamo ezihlala ixesha elide kwiziqhamo ezihlala ixesha elide eziphathwe nge-2,4-D lafikelela kwi-16.95%. Ulwakhiwo lwe-pollen yeentyatyambo zabasetyhini eziphathwe nge-2,4-D namanzi lwahlukile, kwaye ukuphila kwe-pollen akuzange kubonwe. Ekuvuthweni, iziqhamo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D zazincinci kancinci kunezo zikwiqela lolawulo, kwaye ukuqina kwazo, inyama kunye nokuqina kwentloko kwahluke kakhulu kwezo zikwiqela lolawulo. Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo kumxholo wezinto ezinyibilikayo phakathi kweziqhamo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D kunye neziqhamo ezilawulwayo xa zivuthiwe, kodwa umxholo wokomisa weziqhamo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D wawuphantsi kunoweziqhamo ezivundisiweyo.
Kule minyaka yangoku,abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo (PGR)ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezipheleleyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulawula ukukhula ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy kwi-kiwi azikhange zenziwe. Kweli phepha, isiphumo somlawuli wokukhula kwezityalo i-2,4-D kwi-parthenocarpy kwi-kiwi yohlobo lwe-Dunghong kunye notshintsho kwimilo yayo iyonke yeekhemikhali ziye zafundwa. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zibonelela ngesiseko sesayensi sokusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwezixhobo zokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo ukuphucula iseti yeziqhamo ze-kiwi kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo iyonke.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwe kwiNational Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank yaseWuhan Botanical Garden, kwiChinese Academy of Sciences ngo-2024. Imithi emithathu enempilo, engenazifo, eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ye-Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' ikhethwe kolu vavanyo, kwaye amahlumela eentyatyambo angama-250 akhule rhoqo kumthi ngamnye asetyenziswa njengezixhobo zovavanyo.
I-Parthenocarpy ivumela iziqhamo ukuba zikhule ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuvundiswa kwezityalo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu phantsi kweemeko ezilinganiselweyo zokuvundiswa kwezityalo. Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba i-parthenocarpy ivumela ukusekwa kweziqhamo kunye nophuhliso ngaphandle kokuvundiswa kwezityalo kunye nokuchumisa, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa imveliso ezinzileyo phantsi kweemeko ezingezizo ezilungileyo. Amandla e-parthenocarpy axhomekeke kumandla ayo okwandisa iziqhamo phantsi kweemeko ezimbi zendalo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umgangatho wesivuno kunye nesivuno, ngakumbi xa iinkonzo zokuvundiswa kwezityalo zinqongophele okanye zingekho. Izinto zendalo ezifana nokukhanya okunamandla, ixesha lokukhanya, ubushushu, kunye nokufuma zinokuchaphazela i-parthenocarpy ebangelwa yi-2,4-D kwi-kiwifruit. Phantsi kweemeko ezivaliweyo okanye ezimnyama, utshintsho kwiimeko zokukhanya lunokunxibelelana ne-2,4-D ukutshintsha imetabolism ye-auxin endogenous, enokuphucula okanye ithintele ukuphuhliswa kweziqhamo ze-parthenocarpic ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo. Ukongeza, ukugcina ubushushu obuzinzileyo kunye nokufuma kwindawo elawulwayo kunceda ukugcina umsebenzi wehomoni kunye nokuphucula isiseko seziqhamo [39]. Izifundo zexesha elizayo zicwangcisiwe ukuphonononga ngakumbi ukwenziwa ngcono kweemeko zendalo (ukukhanya, ubushushu, kunye nokufuma) kwiinkqubo zokukhula ezilawulwayo ukuphucula i-parthenocarpy ebangelwa yi-2,4-D ngelixa kugcinwa umgangatho weziqhamo. Indlela yokulawula i-parthenocarpy kwindawo engqongileyo isafuna uphando olongezelelekileyo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ubuninzi obuphantsi be-2,4-D (5 ppm kunye ne-10 ppm) bunokubangela ngempumelelo i-parthenocarpy kwitumato kwaye buvelise iziqhamo ezingenambewu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu [37]. Iziqhamo zeParthenocarpic azinambewu kwaye zikumgangatho ophezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubathengi [38]. Ekubeni izinto ze-kiwifruit zovavanyo zisityalo esi-dioecious, iindlela zemveli zokuvelisa i-pollination zifuna ukungenelela ngesandla kwaye zinzima kakhulu. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, olu phononongo lusebenzise i-2,4-D ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy kwi-kiwifruit, nto leyo eyathintela ngempumelelo ukufa kweziqhamo okubangelwa ziintyatyambo ezingezizo i-pollinated. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba iziqhamo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D ziphuhliswe ngempumelelo, kwaye inani lembewu lalingaphantsi kakhulu kunelo leziqhamo ezivundisiweyo ngokwenziwa, kwaye umgangatho weziqhamo nawo uphuculwe kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukukhuthaza i-parthenocarpy ngonyango lwe-hormone kunokoyisa iingxaki zokuvelisa i-pollination kwaye kuvelise iziqhamo ezingenambewu, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekulinyweni kwezorhwebo.
Kolu phononongo, iindlela ze-2,4-D (2,4-D) ekuphuhlisweni kweziqhamo ezingenambewu kunye nomgangatho we-Chinese kiwifruit cultivar 'Donghong' ziphandwe ngokucwangcisiweyo. Ngokusekelwe kwizifundo zangaphambili ezibonisa ukuba i-2,4-D inokubangela ukwakheka kweziqhamo ezingenambewu kwi-kiwifruit, olu phononongo lujolise ekucaciseni imiphumo yokulawula yonyango lwe-2,4-D lwangaphandle kwindlela yophuhliso lweziqhamo kunye nokwakheka komgangatho weziqhamo. Iziphumo zicacise indima yabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-kiwifruit engenambewu kwaye zaseka icebo lonyango lwe-2,4-D elibonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo se-physiological sophuhliso lweentlobo ezintsha ze-kiwifruit ezingenambewu. Olu phononongo lunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kweshishini le-kiwifruit.
Olu phononongo lubonise ukusebenza kakuhle konyango lwe-2,4-D ekukhuthazeni i-parthenocarpy kwi-cultivar ye-kiwifruit yaseTshayina i-'Donghong'. Iimpawu zangaphandle (kuquka ubunzima besiqhamo kunye nobukhulu) kunye neempawu zangaphakathi (ezifana nomxholo weswekile kunye ne-asidi) ngexesha lophuhliso lwesiqhamo ziphandwe. Unyango olune-0.5 mg/L lwe-2,4-D luphucule kakhulu umgangatho weemvakalelo zesiqhamo ngokunyusa ubumnandi kunye nokunciphisa i-asidi. Ngenxa yoko, umlinganiselo weswekile/i-asidi wanda kakhulu, nto leyo eyaphucula umgangatho wesiqhamo ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko omkhulu ufunyenwe kubunzima besiqhamo kunye nomxholo wezinto ezomileyo phakathi kweziqhamo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D kunye neziqhamo ezifakwe i-pollin. Olu phononongo lubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokuphuculwa kwe-parthenocarpy kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo kwi-kiwifruit. Ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kunokusebenza njengendlela eyahlukileyo kubalimi be-kiwifruit abajolise ekuveliseni iziqhamo kunye nokufezekisa isivuno esiphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iintlobo zamadoda (ezifakwe i-pollin) kunye ne-pollin yokwenziwa.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-02-2025