Siye savavanya unyango lwe-fungicide yokulawula izifo kwi-William H. Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Centre kwiYunivesithi yasePurdue eWest Lafayette, e-Indiana. Senze ulingo oluluhlaza kwi-creeping bentgrass 'Crenshaw' kunye ne'Pennlinks' eluhlaza.
Umfanekiso 1: Crenshaw bentgrass unyango lwe fungicide. Izicelo zokugqibela zangeniswa ngo-Agasti 30 zeMaxtima kunye neTraction kunye ne-23 ka-Agasti yeXzemplar. Iintolo zibonisa amaxesha okufakwa kweentsuku ezili-14 (Xzemlar) kunye neentsuku ezingama-21 (i-Maxtima kunye neTraction) kwisibulali-zinambuzane ngasinye.
Ukusukela nge-1 ka-Epreli ukuya kwi-29 kaSeptemba 2023, siya kucheba zombini imifuno kahlanu ngeveki kwii-intshi ze-0.135. Sisebenzise iifl ezi-4. I-arhente yokumanzisa i-Excalibur (Izisombululo ze-Aqua-Aid) kuzo zombini imifuno ngoJuni 9 kunye no-28. oz/1000 sq. ft. ixabiso nge-20 kaJulayi yayiyi-2.7 fl oz. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukunqanda amabala omileyo asekuhlaleni.
Emva koko siye safaka i-Fleet wetting agent (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) kwindawo eluhlaza nge-16 ka-Agasti ukunciphisa amabala omileyo asekuhlaleni.
Sasebenzisa i-9 Tempo SC fluids (cyfluthrin, Envu). oz/acre kunye neMeridian (Thiamethoxam, Syngenta) 12 fl oz. NgoJuni 9 oz/acre yokulawula iimbovane. Sasebenzisa i-0.5 lb yesichumiso se-nitrogen ngoJuni 10 kunye noSeptemba 2 usebenzisa i-Country Club MD (18-3-18, Lebanon Lawn). N/1000 iinyawo zesikwere
Iiplani zethu zokulinga zaziyi-5 x 5 iinyawo ngobukhulu kwaye zenzelwe ukusebenzisa i-design yebhloko epheleleyo kunye neempendulo ezine. Sebenzisa isitshizi esinamandla e-CO2 kwi-50 psi kunye nemilomo emithathu ye-TeeJet 8008 yesitshizi esicaba ngokulingana neegaloni ezi-2/1000 zesikwere iinyawo zamanzi.
Kuzo zombini izifundo (uVavanyo lwe-1 kunye noVavanyo lwe-2), saqala lonke unyango ngoMeyi 17, kunye nexesha lolawulo lokugqibela oluhluka kunyango (Itheyibhile 1). Ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi, sasebenzisa isixhobo sokusasaza ngesandla ukuze sisasaze ngokulinganayo iinkozo ze-rye ezineedola ngesantya se-12.5 cc ngebhedi nganye. Emva koko sishiya iinkozo zerye phezu kwengca iintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokucheba.
Sivavanye ubukhali beendawo zeedola ngokusekwe kwinani lamaziko osulelo kwindawo. Indawo ephantsi kwegophe lokuqhubela phambili kwesifo (AUDPC) yabalwa kusetyenziswa indlela yetrapezoidal kusetyenziswa ifomula Σ [(yi + yi+1)/2] [ti+1 − ti], apho i = 1,2,3, ... n -1, apho i-yi – ukukala, i-ti – ixesha lomlinganiselo we-i-th. Idatha yayiphantsi kohlalutyo lokungafani kunye nokwahlukana okuqhelekileyo (P = 0.05) kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-LSD olukhuselweyo lukaFisher.
Siqale sabona umahluko kulawulo lwamabala edola phakathi kweendawo zonyango nge-31 kaMeyi. NgoJuni 13, ubungqongqo bendawo yedola kunyango lweprojekthi babuphezulu kakhulu kunolunye unyango (Umfanekiso 1). Ngokuchaseneyo, i-$20 kaJulayi ubungqongqo benkqubo bebusezantsi kunolunye unyango.
Ngo-Agasti 2, iindawo zaphathwa nge-1.3 fl yeTraction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm). oz/1000 sq. ft. – Ixabiso lendawo yeentsuku ezingama-21 kwiidola zase-US laliphezulu kakhulu kuneepasile eziphathwe nge-Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) 0.4 oz. oz / 1000 sq. iinyawo ngexesha elifanayo. NgoSeptemba 16 kunye ne-28, iiveki ezimbini kunye ezine emva kwesicelo sokugqibela, ngokulandelelana, iziza eziphathwe ngeTraction zazineedola ezininzi kakhulu kuneMaxtima kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu le-AUDPC kunolawulo.
Saqala ukubona indawo yedola ngoJulayi 7th. Ukusukela nge-7 kaJulayi, zonke iisayithi ezinyangweyo bezinoqhambuko olungaphantsi kwesinye kwindawo nganye. Kwakungekho mahluko wonyango kulo lonke uvavanyo. Amaxabiso e-AUDPC kuzo zonke iziza eziphathwayo zazisezantsi kakhulu kunezo zikwiindawo zolawulo ezingaphathwanga (Itheyibhile 1).
IYunivesithi yasePurdue kaDaniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Centre ivavanye ukusebenza konyango lwe-fungicide kwi-bentgrass ekhulileyo, ekhululekileyo.
Ukususela ngomhla woku-1 ku-Epreli ukuya kwi-1 ka-Oktobha, cheba kathathu ngeveki ukuya kubude obuyi-intshi ezi-0.5. Sazisa iFerence (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) ngoJuni 30 kwi-0.37 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. kulawulo lwegrub emhlophe. NgoJulayi 20, sasebenzisa i-ejenti yokuthambisa i-Excalibur kwidosi ye-2.7 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukunqanda amabala omileyo asekuhlaleni.
Sasebenzisa i-agent ye-Fleet moisturizing (Harrell's) ngo-Agasti we-16 kwi-3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukunqanda amabala omileyo asekuhlaleni. Emva koko sisebenzise i-0.75 lbs ye-nitrogen ngoMeyi 24 usebenzisa i-Shaw (24-0-22). N/1000 sq. ft. Sep 13, 1.0 lbs. N/1000 iinyawo zesikwere
Iiplati beziyi-5 x 5 iinyawo ngobukhulu kwaye zicwangciswe ngokweebhloko ezipheleleyo ezine-replicate ezine. Sebenzisa isitshizi esinamandla e-CO2 kwi-45 psi kunye nemilomo emithathu ye-TeeJet 8008 yesitshizi esicaba ngokulingana ne-1 galoni/1000 iinyawo zesikweri samanzi.
Sasebenzisa isicelo sokuqala se-fungicide ngomhla we-19 kaMeyi kunye neyokugqibela ngo-Agasti 18. Ingqolowa ye-Rye esuleleke kwi-dollar spot pathogen isetyenziswe ngokulinganayo nge-spreader yesandla ngoJuni 27 kunye no-Julayi 1 kwizinga le-11 cm3 kunye ne-12 cm3 ngecebo ngalinye, ngokulandelanayo. Emva koko sishiya iinkozo zerye phezu kwengca iintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokucheba.
Ubunzulu besifo bavavanywa rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini kulo lonke uphononongo. Ubuzaza besifo bavavanywa ngokujonga ipesenti yendawo echaphazelekayo kwisiza ngasinye. Ummandla ophantsi kwesigxina soxinzelelo lwesifo (i-AUDPC) yabalwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-trapezoidal echazwe ngasentla. Idatha yayiphantsi kohlalutyo lokungafani kunye nokwahlukana okuqhelekileyo (P = 0.05) kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-LSD olukhuselweyo lukaFisher.
Siqale sabona amabala eedola (<0.3% ubunzima, i-0.2 izilonda ezisulelekileyo kwindawo nganye) ngoJuni 1, kwaye amanani abo anda emva kokugonywa. NgoJulayi 20, iindawo zaphathwa nge-Encartis (boscalid kunye ne-chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft – 14 days and 4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – 28 days, Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft – 14 iintsuku, iziza ezicwangcisiweyo ezinyangwe zineendawo ezimbalwa zeedola ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye iindawo eziphathwayo kunye nolawulo olungaphathwanga.
Ukususela ngo-20 kaJulayi ukuya kwi-15 Septemba, zonke iindawo eziphathwayo zineentsholongwane ezimbalwa kuneendawo zokulawula ezingaphathwanga. Iindawo eziphathwe nge-Encartis (3 fl oz / 1000 sq ft - 14 iintsuku), Encartis (3.5 fl oz / 1000 sq ft - 21 iintsuku) Septemba 2, iiveki ezimbini emva kwesicelo sokugqibela (WFFA) d), Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 fl. i-ounce/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days, Xzemlar (0.26 oz/1000 sq. ft – 21 days) kunye neendawo eziphathwayo zenkqubo zazinobuncinci bendawo yedola.
Ngo-Agasti 3 kunye ne-16 ka-Agasti, amazinga e-Encartis kunye neentsuku ezibekiweyo zokufaka izicelo azizange zibe nempembelelo enkulu kulawulo lwamabala e-dollar yase-US. Nangona kunjalo, ngoSeptemba we-2 kunye ne-15 (i-WFFA 2 kunye ne-4), iziza zazinokuthi zinyangwe nge-Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft - 14 iintsuku) kunye ne-Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft). . . – Iintsuku ezingama-21) ine-USD ephantsi yokumelana nebala kune-Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft – iintsuku ezingama-28).
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukungafani kwinqanaba lokulawula kunye nexesha lonyango lwe-Xzemplar kunye ne-Maxtima aluzange luchaphazele kakhulu ubunzima beendawo zeedola ngexesha lokufunda. Amazinga aphezulu esicelo se-Daconil Action (3 fl oz / 1000 sq ft) exutywe ne-Secure Action ayizange ibangele ukuhla kwe-dollar spot. Ngomhla we-2 kuSeptemba, iziko lolawulo losulelo lwe-Dollar Point laseXzemplar linyange iisayithi ezimbalwa kuneMaxtima.
Amaxabiso e-AUDPC azo zonke iisayithi ezinyangweyo ayephantsi kakhulu kunezo ndawo zingaphathwanga. Ubunzima bendawo yedola babusoloko busezantsi kwiziza kule nkqubo kulo lonke uphononongo, kunye namanani asezantsi e-AUDPC amaxabiso kulo lonke unyango.
Iziza eziphathwe nge-Daconil Ultrex zodwa zinexabiso eliphezulu le-AUDPC kuneendawo eziphathwa ngalo lonke unyango ngaphandle kwezo ziphathwa nge-0.5 ml Secure (fluridinium, Syngenta). oz/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days) Isenzo se-Daconil (2 fl oz/1000 sq ft) kunye nesenzo esiKhuselekileyo (azibendazole-S-methyl kunye ne-fluazinam, i-Syngenta) 0.5 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days Akukho phytotoxicity yabonwa kulo lonke uphononongo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-16-2024