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Izityalo ezihombisayo ezinamagqabi aluhlaza zixatyiswa kakhulu. Enye indlela yokufezekisa oku kukusebenzisa abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo njengezixhobo zokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo. Olu phononongo lwenziwe kwiSchefflera dwarf (isityalo samagqabi esihombisayo) esiphathwe nge-foliar sprays ye-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine hormone kwindawo yokutyela exhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngenkukuma. Le hormone yatshizwa kumagqabi e-dwarf schefflera kumanqanaba e-0, 100 kunye ne-200 mg/l kwizigaba ezintathu rhoqo kwiintsuku ezili-15. Olu vavanyo lwenziwe ngokwesiseko se-factorial kuyilo olucwangcisiweyo olune-replications ezine. Ukudibanisa i-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine kumanqanaba e-200 mg/l kwaba nefuthe elikhulu kwinani lamagqabi, indawo yamagqabi kunye nokuphakama kwesityalo. Olu nyango lukwakhokelele kumxholo ophezulu we-photosynthetic pigments. Ukongeza, umlinganiselo ophezulu weecarbohydrate ezinyibilikayo kunye neeswekile ezincitshiswayo zibonwe nge-100 kunye ne-200 mg/L ye-benzyladineni kunye ne-200 mg/L ye-gibberellin + benzyladineni. Uhlalutyo lokubuyela umva olucwangcisiweyo lubonise ukuba umthamo weengcambu yayiyeyona variable yokuqala ukungena kwimodeli, ichaza i-44% yotshintsho. Utshintsho olulandelayo yayilubunzima beengcambu ezintsha, kunye nemodeli ye-bivariate echaza i-63% yotshintsho kwinani lamagqabi. Isiphumo esihle kakhulu kwinani lamagqabi sibonakaliswe bubunzima beengcambu ezintsha (0.43), obunxulunyaniswa kakuhle nenani lamagqabi (0.47). Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine kwi-concentration ye-200 mg/l ziphucule kakhulu ukukhula kwe-morphological, i-chlorophyll kunye ne-carotenoid synthesis ye-Liriodendron tulipifera, kwaye zinciphise umxholo weeshukela kunye neecarbohydrate ezinyibilikayo.
I-Schefflera arborescens (Hayata) I-Merr sisityalo esihlala siluhlaza esihlobisayo sosapho lwe-Araliaceae, esizalelwe eTshayina naseTaiwan1. Esi sityalo sidla ngokukhuliswa njengesityalo sasekhaya, kodwa sisityalo esinye kuphela esinokukhula kwiimeko ezinjalo. Amagqabi anamaphetshana aqala kwi-5 ukuya kwi-16, ngalinye liyi-10-20 cm2 ubude. I-Dwarf Schefflera ithengiswa ngobuninzi rhoqo ngonyaka, kodwa iindlela zanamhlanje zokulima azisetyenziswa rhoqo. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo njengezixhobo zolawulo ezisebenzayo zokuphucula ukukhula kunye nemveliso ezinzileyo yeemveliso zezityalo kufuna ingqalelo engakumbi. Namhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo kunyuke kakhulu3,4,5. I-Gibberellic acid ngumlawuli wokukhula kwezityalo onokunyusa isivuno sezityalo6. Enye yeziphumo zayo ezaziwayo kukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, kubandakanya ukwanda kwesiqu kunye neengcambu kunye nokwanda kommandla wamagqabi7. Isiphumo esibalulekileyo se-gibberellins kukwanda kobude besiqu ngenxa yokwandiswa kwee-internodes. Ukutshiza ii-gibberellins ngamahlamvu kwizityalo ezincinci ezingenakuvelisa ii-gibberellins kubangela ukwanda kobude besiqu kunye nokuphakama kwesityalo8. Ukutshiza iintyatyambo namagqabi ngamahlamvu nge-gibberellic acid kuxinzelelo lwe-500 mg/l kunokunyusa ubude besityalo, inani, ububanzi kunye nobude bamagqabi9. Ii-gibberellins ziye zaxelwa ukuba zikhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo ezinamahlamvu abanzi10. Ukunwebeka kwesiqu kwabonwa kwi-Scots pine (Pinussylvestris) kunye ne-white spruce (Piceaglauca) xa amagqabi etshizwa nge-gibberellic acid11.
Olunye uphando luhlolisise imiphumo yeenkqubo ezintathu zokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo ze-cytokinin ekwakhiweni kwamasebe asecaleni kwiLily officinalis. Uvavanyo lwenziwe ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ukuze kufundwe imiphumo yexesha lonyaka. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-kinetin, i-benzyladine kunye ne-2-prenyladine azizange zichaphazele ukwakheka kwamasebe angaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-500 ppm benzyladine ibangele ukwakheka kwamasebe angaphantsi kwe-12.2 kunye ne-8.2 kuvavanyo lwasekwindla nasentwasahlobo, ngokwahlukeneyo, xa kuthelekiswa namasebe angama-4.9 kunye ne-3.9 kwizityalo zokulawula. Izifundo zibonise ukuba unyango lwasehlotyeni lusebenza ngakumbi kunalawo asebusika12. Kolunye uvavanyo, izityalo zePeace Lily var. Tassone ziphathwe nge-0, 250 kunye ne-500 ppm benzyladine kwiimbiza ezinobubanzi be-10 cm. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba unyango lomhlaba lonyuse kakhulu inani lamagqabi ongezelelweyo xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo eziphathwe ngolawulo kunye ne-benzyladine. Amagqabi amatsha ongezelelweyo abonwe kwiiveki ezine emva konyango, kwaye imveliso ephezulu yamagqabi yabonwa kwiiveki ezisibhozo emva konyango. Kwiiveki ezingama-20 emva kokunyangwa, izityalo eziphathwe ngomhlaba zazinokuphakama okuncinci kunezityalo eziphathwe kwangaphambili13. Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-benzyladine kwi-concentration ye-20 mg/L inokunyusa kakhulu ubude besityalo kunye nenani lamagqabi kwiCroton 14. Kwi-calla lilies, i-benzyladine kwi-concentration ye-500 ppm ibangele ukwanda kwenani lamasebe, ngelixa inani lamasebe lalilincinci kwiqela lolawulo15. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuphanda ukutshizwa kwe-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine kwi-foliar ukuphucula ukukhula kwe-Schefflera dwarfa, isityalo samagqabi esihombisayo. Aba balawuli bokukhula kwezityalo banokunceda abalimi bezorhwebo ukuba bacebe imveliso efanelekileyo unyaka wonke. Akukho zifundo zenziweyo ukuphucula ukukhula kwe-Liriodendron tulipifera.
Olu phononongo lwenziwe kwindawo yophando lwezityalo zangaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yamaSilamsi yase-Azad eJiloft, e-Iran. Ukufakelwa kweengcambu ezimfutshane zeSchefflera ezilingana nokuphakama kwe-25±5 cm kwalungiswa (kwasasazwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kovavanyo) kwaye kwatyalwa kwiimbiza. Imbiza yenziwe ngeplastiki, imnyama, inobubanzi be-20 cm kunye nokuphakama kwe-30 cm16.
Indawo yokulima kolu phononongo yayiyingxubevange yepeat, i-humus, isanti ehlanjiweyo kunye ne-rayisi husk ngomlinganiselo we-1:1:1:1 (ngokomthamo)16. Beka umaleko weengqalutye ezantsi kwembiza ukuze kuphume amanzi. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo basemini nasebusuku kwi-greenhouse ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni babuyi-32±2°C kunye ne-28±2°C, ngokulandelelana. Umswakama ohambelanayo ufikelela kwi->70%. Sebenzisa inkqubo yokufunxa ukunkcenkceshela. Ngokomyinge, izityalo zinkcenkceshela izihlandlo ezili-12 ngosuku. Ekwindla nasehlotyeni, ixesha lokunkcenkceshela ngalinye liyimizuzu esi-8, kwaye ixesha eliphakathi kokunkcenkceshela liyiyure e-1. Izityalo zakhuliswa ngokufanayo izihlandlo ezine, iiveki ezi-2, ezi-4, ezi-6 nezi-8 emva kokuhlwayela, ngesisombululo sezakhamzimba (iGhoncheh Co., e-Iran) kuxinzelelo lwe-3 ppm kwaye zinkcenkceshela nge-100 ml yesisombululo ngalo lonke ixesha. Isisombululo sezakhamzimba siqulathe i-N 8 ppm, i-P 4 ppm, i-K 5 ppm kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo i-Fe, i-Pb, i-Zn, i-Mn, i-Mo kunye ne-B.
Amanqanaba amathathu e-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo (ethengwe kwiSigma) zilungiselelwe kwi-0, 100 kunye ne-200 mg/L zaza zatshizwa kumahlumela ezityalo ngamanqanaba amathathu kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-15. Phakathi kwama-20 (0.1%) (ethengwe kwiSigma) asetyenziswe kwisisombululo sokwandisa ixesha elide kunye nesantya sokufunxa kwayo. Kwasekuseni, tshiza iihomoni kumahlumela kunye namagqabi eLiriodendron tulipifera usebenzisa isitshizi. Izityalo zitshizwa ngamanzi acocekileyo.
Ubude besityalo, ububanzi besiqu, indawo yamagqabi, umxholo we-chlorophyll, inani lee-internodes, ubude bamasebe esibini, inani lamasebe esibini, umthamo wengcambu, ubude bengcambu, ubunzima bamagqabi, ingcambu, isiqu kunye nezinto ezintsha ezomileyo, umxholo wee-pigment ze-photosynthetic (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b) I-chlorophyll iyonke, ii-carotenoids, imibala iyonke), ukunciphisa iiswekile kunye nee-carbohydrate ezinyibilikayo zilinganiswe kunyango olwahlukeneyo.
Ubungakanani be-chlorophyll kumagqabi amatsha bulinganiswe kwiintsuku ezili-180 emva kokutshiza kusetyenziswa imitha ye-chlorophyll (Spad CL-01) ukususela ngentsimbi ye-9:30 ukuya kweye-10 kusasa (ngenxa yokuba amagqabi matsha). Ukongeza, indawo yamagqabi ilinganiswe kwiintsuku ezili-180 emva kokutshiza. Linganisa amagqabi amathathu ukusuka phezulu, embindini nasezantsi kwesiqu ukusuka kwimbiza nganye. La magqabi asetyenziswa njengeetemplate kwiphepha le-A4 kwaye ipateni ephumayo iyasikwa. Ubunzima kunye nomphezulu wephepha elinye le-A4 nako kulinganiswe. Emva koko indawo yamagqabi afakwe istencil ibalwa kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo. Ukongeza, umthamo wengcambu umiselwe kusetyenziswa isilinda esimiselweyo. Ubunzima bamagqabi omileyo, ubunzima besiqu obomileyo, ubunzima beengcambu obomileyo, kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo bomileyo besampuli nganye bulinganiswe ngokumisa kwi-oven kwi-72°C iiyure ezingama-48.
Umxholo we-chlorophyll kunye ne-carotenoids ulinganiswe ngendlela yeLichtenthaler18. Ukuze kwenziwe oku, i-0.1 g yamagqabi amatsha yagaywa kwi-porcelain mortar equlethe i-15 ml ye-80% ye-acetone, kwaye emva kokucoca, uxinano lwawo lwe-optical lulinganiswe kusetyenziswa i-spectrophotometer kwii-wavelengths ze-663.2, 646.8 kunye ne-470 nm. Lungisa isixhobo usebenzisa i-80% ye-acetone. Bala uxinzelelo lwee-pigment ze-photosynthetic usebenzisa le equation ilandelayo:
Phakathi kwazo, i-Chl a, i-Chl b, i-Chl T kunye ne-Car zimele i-chlorophyll a, i-chlorophyll b, i-chlorophyll iyonke kunye nee-carotenoids, ngokwahlukeneyo. Iziphumo ziboniswa kwi-mg/ml yesityalo.
Ukunciphisa iswekile kulinganiswe kusetyenziswa indlela yeSomogy19. Ukuze kwenziwe oku, i-0.02 g yamahlumela ezityalo ayagaywa kwi-porcelain mortar ene-10 ml yamanzi acociweyo aze agalelwe kwiglasi encinci. Fudumeza iglasi ibile uze emva koko uhluze umxholo wayo usebenzisa iphepha lesihluzo leWhatman No. 1 ukuze ufumane i-plant extract. Dlulisa i-2 ml ye-extract nganye kwi-test tube kwaye wongeze i-2 ml ye-copper sulfate solution. Gquma i-test tube ngoboya bekotoni uze uyifudumeze emanzini okuhlamba kwi-100°C imizuzu engama-20. Kweli nqanaba, i-Cu2+ iguqulwa ibe yi-Cu2O ngokunciphisa i-aldehyde monosaccharides kwaye umbala we-salmon (umbala we-terracotta) ubonakala ezantsi kwi-test tube. Emva kokuba i-test tube ipholile, yongeza i-2 ml ye-phosphomolybdic acid kwaye kuya kuvela umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Shukumisa i-tube ngamandla de umbala usasazwe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke i-tube. Funda ukufunxwa kwesisombululo kwi-600 nm usebenzisa i-spectrophotometer.
Bala uxinaniso lokunciphisa iswekile usebenzisa i-standard curve. Uxinaniso lwee-carbohydrate ezinyibilikayo lumiselwe ngendlela yeFales20. Ukuze kwenziwe oku, i-0.1 g ye-sprouts ixutywe ne-2.5 ml ye-80% ye-ethanol kwi-90 °C imizuzu engama-60 (amanqanaba amabini emizuzu engama-30 ngalinye) ukuze kukhutshwe ii-carbohydrate ezinyibilikayo. Emva koko i-extract iyahluzwa kwaye utywala buyatshintshwa. I-precipitate ephumayo iyanyibilika kwi-2.5 ml yamanzi anyibilikisiweyo. Galela i-200 ml yesampuli nganye kwityhubhu yokuvavanya kwaye wongeze i-5 ml ye-anthrone indicator. Umxube ubekwe kwindawo yokuhlambela amanzi kwi-90 °C imizuzu eli-17, kwaye emva kokupholisa, ukufunxwa kwawo kumiselwe kwi-625 nm.
Olu vavanyo yayiluvavanyo lwe-factorial olusekelwe kuyilo olucwangcisiweyo ngokupheleleyo olune-replications ezine. Inkqubo ye-PROC UNIVARIATE isetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukuhambelana kokusasazwa kwedatha ngaphambi kokuhlalutya umahluko. Uhlalutyo lwezibalo luqale ngohlalutyo lwezibalo oluchazayo ukuqonda umgangatho wedatha eluhlaza eqokelelweyo. Ubalo lwenzelwe ukwenza lula nokucinezela iiseti zedatha ezinkulu ukuze kube lula ukuzitolika. Uhlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo lwenziwa kamva. Uvavanyo lukaDuncan lwenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (inguqulelo 24; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) ukubala izikwere eziphakathi kunye neempazamo zovavanyo ukumisela umahluko phakathi kweeseti zedatha. Uvavanyo oluninzi lukaDuncan (DMRT) lusetyenziselwe ukuchonga umahluko phakathi kweemeans kwinqanaba lokubaluleka le-(0.05 ≤ p). I-Pearson correlation coefficient (r) ibalwe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (inguqulelo 26; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) ukuvavanya ulwalamano phakathi kweeparamitha ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwe-linear regression lwenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (v.26) ukuqikelela amaxabiso eenguqu zonyaka wokuqala ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso eenguqu zonyaka wesibini. Kwelinye icala, uhlalutyo lokubuyela umva oluhamba ngenyathelo ngenyathelo olune-p < 0.01 lwenziwe ukuze kuchongwe iimpawu ezichaphazela kakhulu amagqabi e-dwarf schefflera. Uhlalutyo lwendlela lwenziwe ukuze kuchongwe iziphumo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo zempawu nganye kwimodeli (ngokusekwe kwiimpawu ezichaza ngcono umahluko). Zonke izibalo ezingentla (ukuhambelana kokusasazwa kwedatha, i-simple correlation coefficient, i-stepwise regression kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela) zenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS V.26.
Iisampulu zezityalo ezikhethiweyo ezityaliweyo bezihambelana nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo zesikhungo, zesizwe nezehlabathi kunye nomthetho wasekhaya wase-Iran.
Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa izibalo ezichazayo ze-mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, range, kunye ne-phenotypic coefficient of variation (CV) kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwezi zibalo, i-CV ivumela ukuthelekiswa kweempawu kuba ayinamlinganiselo. Ukunciphisa iiswekile (40.39%), ubunzima beengcambu ezomileyo (37.32%), ubunzima beengcambu ezintsha (37.30%), umlinganiselo weswekile kwiswekile (30.20%) kunye nomthamo weengcambu (30%) zezona ziphezulu. kunye nomxholo we-chlorophyll (9.88%). ) kunye nendawo yamagqabi zine-index ephezulu (11.77%) kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi le-CV. Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa ukuba ubunzima obupheleleyo obumanzi bunoluhlu oluphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, olu phawu alunawo umlinganiselo ophezulu we-CV. Ke ngoko, iimetrikhi ezingenamlinganiselo ezifana ne-CV kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuthelekisa utshintsho lweempawu. I-CV ephezulu ibonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi konyango lolu phawu. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zibonise umahluko omkhulu phakathi konyango lweswekile ephantsi kubunzima beengcambu ezomileyo, ubunzima beengcambu ezintsha, umlinganiselo we-carbohydrate-to-sugar, kunye neempawu zevolumu yeengcambu.
Iziphumo zohlalutyo lokwahluka zibonise ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, ukutshiza nge-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine kuchaphazele kakhulu ubude besityalo, inani lamagqabi, indawo yamagqabi, umthamo weengcambu, ubude beengcambu, isalathisi se-chlorophyll, ubunzima obutsha kunye nobunzima bomileyo.
Ukuthelekiswa kwamaxabiso aphakathi kubonise ukuba abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo banempembelelo enkulu kubude besityalo kunye nenani lamagqabi. Unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu yayiyi-gibberellic acid kuxinzelelo lwe-200 mg/l kunye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladine kuxinzelelo lwe-200 mg/l. Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, ubude besityalo kunye nenani lamagqabi lande ngamaxesha angama-32.92 kunye namaxesha angama-62.76, ngokulandelelana (Itheyibhile 2).
Indawo yamagqabi inyuke kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, apho ukwanda okuphezulu kubonwe kwi-200 mg/l ye-gibberellic acid, kufikelela kwi-89.19 cm2. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba indawo yamagqabi inyuke kakhulu ngokonyuka koxinzelelo lolawulo lokukhula (Itheyibhile 2).
Zonke iindlela zonyango zonyuse kakhulu umthamo weengcambu kunye nobude xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Ukudibanisa i-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine kube nefuthe elikhulu, kwandisa umthamo kunye nobude beengcambu ngesiqingatha xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo (Itheyibhile 2).
Amaxabiso aphezulu obubanzi besiqu kunye nobude be-internode abonwe kunyango lwe-control kunye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/l, ngokulandelelana.
Isalathisi se-chlorophyll sinyuke kuzo zonke iintlobo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Ixabiso eliphezulu lolu phawu libonwe xa kunyangwa nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/l, eyayiphezulu ngama-30.21% kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 2).
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba unyango lubangele umahluko omkhulu kumxholo wepigment, ukwehla kweeswekile kunye neecarbohydrate ezinyibilikayo.
Unyango nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladine luphumele kumxholo ophezulu weepigment ze-photosynthetic. Olu phawu lwaluphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo kunakwi-control.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba zonke iindlela zonyango zinokunyusa umxholo we-chlorophyll kwi-Schefflera dwarf. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eliphezulu lolu phawu libonwe kunyango nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladine, eyayiphezulu ngama-36.95% kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 3).
Iziphumo ze-chlorophyll b zazifana ngokupheleleyo neziphumo ze-chlorophyll a, umahluko kuphela yayikukwanda komxholo we-chlorophyll b, owawuphezulu ngama-67.15% kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 3).
Olu nyango lubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwe-chlorophyll iyonke xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Unyango nge-gibberellic acid 200 mg/l + benzyladineni 100 mg/l lukhokelele kwixabiso eliphezulu lolu phawu, elaliphezulu ngama-50% kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 3). Ngokweziphumo, ulawulo kunye nonyango nge-benzyladine kwidosi ye-100 mg/l lukhokelele kwizinga eliphezulu lolu phawu. I-Liriodendron tulipifera inexabiso eliphezulu lee-carotenoids (Itheyibhile 3).
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa kunyangwa nge-gibberellic acid kuxinzelelo lwe-200 mg/L, umxholo we-chlorophyll wanda kakhulu waba yi-chlorophyll b (Umzobo 1).
Isiphumo se-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine kwi-a/b Ch. Ubungakanani be-dwarf schefflera. (GA3: gibberellic acid kunye ne-BA: benzyladine). Oonobumba abafanayo kumfanekiso ngamnye ababonisi mahluko abalulekileyo (P < 0.01).
Isiphumo sonyango ngalunye kubunzima obutsha nobomileyo bomthi we-dwarf schefflera sasiphezulu kakhulu kuneso solawulo. I-Gibberellic acid + benzyladineni kwidosi ye-200 mg/l yayiyeyona ndlela isebenzayo yonyango, inyusa ubunzima obutsha nge-138.45% xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, zonke iindlela zonyango ngaphandle kwe-100 mg/L benzyladine zonyusa kakhulu ubunzima bomileyo besityalo, kwaye i-200 mg/L gibberellic acid + benzyladine yabangela ixabiso eliphezulu lolu phawu (Itheyibhile 4).
Uninzi lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zahluke kakhulu kulawulo kule nkalo, apho amaxabiso aphezulu amalunga ne-100 kunye ne-200 mg/l ye-benzyladine kunye ne-200 mg/l ye-gibberellic acid + i-benzyladine (Umzobo 2).
Impembelelo ye-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladine kumlinganiselo wee-carbohydrate ezinyibilikayo kunye nokunciphisa iswekile kwi-dwarf schefflera. (GA3: gibberellic acid kunye ne-BA: benzyladine). Oonobumba abafanayo kumfanekiso ngamnye ababonisi mahluko abalulekileyo (P < 0.01).
Uhlalutyo lokubuyela umva olulandelelanayo lwenziwe ukuze kufunyanwe iimpawu zokwenyani kunye nokuqonda ngcono ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezizimeleyo kunye nenani lamagqabi kwiLiriodendron tulipifera. Umthamo weengcambu yayiyinto yokuqala eguqulweyo efakwe kwimodeli, ichaza i-44% yotshintsho. Into elandelayo yayibubunzima beengcambu ezintsha, kwaye ezi zinto zimbini zichaza i-63% yotshintsho kwinani lamagqabi (Itheyibhile 5).
Uhlalutyo lwendlela lwenziwe ukuze kuchazwe ngcono ukwehla kwesantya (Itheyibhile 6 kunye noMfanekiso 3). Isiphumo esihle kakhulu kwinani lamagqabi sasinxulunyaniswa nobunzima beengcambu ezintsha (0.43), obunxulunyaniswa kakuhle nenani lamagqabi (0.47). Oku kubonisa ukuba olu phawu luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isivuno, ngelixa isiphumo salo esingathanga ngqo ngezinye iimpawu sincinci, kwaye olu phawu lungasetyenziswa njengomgaqo wokukhetha kwiinkqubo zokuzalisa ii-dwarf schefflera. Isiphumo esithe ngqo somthamo wengcambu besingalunganga (−0.67). Impembelelo yolu phawu kwinani lamagqabi ithe ngqo, impembelelo engathanga ngqo ayibalulekanga. Oku kubonisa ukuba okukhona umthamo wengcambu umkhulu, kokukhona inani lamagqabi lincinci.
Umfanekiso 4 ubonisa utshintsho kwi-linear regression ye-root volume kunye ne-reducing sugar. Ngokwe-regression coefficient, utshintsho lweyunithi nganye kubude beengcambu kunye ne-soluble carbohydrates luthetha ukuba i-root volume kunye ne-reducing sugar zitshintsha nge-0.6019 kunye ne-0.311 units.
I-Pearson correlation coefficient yeempawu zokukhula iboniswe kuMfanekiso 5. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba inani lamagqabi kunye nobude besityalo (0.379*) zinolwalamano oluhle kakhulu kunye nokubaluleka.
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kwi-coefficients yolwalamano lwesantya sokukhula. # Y Axis: 1-Index Ch., 2-Internode, 3-LAI, 4-N yamagqabi, 5-Ukuphakama kwemilenze, 6-Ububanzi besiqu. # Ngakwi-axis ye-X: A – H index, B – umgama phakathi kwamaqhuqhuva, C – LAI, D – N. yegqabi, E – ukuphakama kwemilenze, F – ububanzi besiqu.
I-Pearson correlation coefficient yeempawu ezinxulumene nobunzima obumanzi iboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Iziphumo zibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kobunzima obumanzi bamagqabi kunye nobunzima bomileyo obungaphezulu komhlaba (0.834**), ubunzima bomileyo obupheleleyo (0.913**) kunye nobunzima bomileyo obupheleleyo (0.562*). . Ubunzima bomileyo obupheleleyo bunolwalamano oluphezulu nolubalulekileyo nobunzima bomileyo obuvela kwihlumelo (0.790**) kunye nobunzima bomileyo obuvela kwiingcambu (0.741**).
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zokuhambelana kobunzima obutsha. # I-axis Y: 1 – ubunzima bamagqabi amatsha, 2 – ubunzima bamahlumela amatsha, 3 – ubunzima beengcambu ezintsha, 4 – ubunzima obupheleleyo bamagqabi amatsha. # I-axis X: A – ubunzima bamagqabi amatsha, B – ubunzima bamahlumela amatsha, CW – ubunzima beengcambu ezintsha, D – ubunzima obupheleleyo bamagqabi amatsha.
Ii-coefficients zolwalamano lwePearson kwiimpawu ezinxulumene nobunzima obomileyo ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 7. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ubunzima bomileyo bamagqabi, ubunzima bomileyo bamahlumela (0.848**) kunye nobunzima bomileyo obupheleleyo (0.947**), ubunzima bomileyo bamahlumela (0.854**) kunye nobunzima bomileyo obupheleleyo (0.781**) zinexabiso eliphezulu lolwalamano oluhle kunye nolwalamano olubalulekileyo.
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ze-coefficient yokuhambelana kobunzima obomileyo. # I-axis ye-Y imele: ubunzima bomileyo obuli-1, ubunzima bomileyo obuli-2, ubunzima bomileyo obuli-3, ubunzima bomileyo obuli-4 iyonke. # I-axis ye-X: Ubunzima bomileyo obuli-A, ubunzima bomileyo obuli-B, ubunzima bomileyo obuli-CW, ubunzima bomileyo obuli-D iyonke.
I-Pearson correlation coefficient yeempawu ze-pigment iboniswe kuMfanekiso 8. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b (0.716**), i-chlorophyll iyonke (0.968**) kunye nee-pigment iyonke (0.954**); i-chlorophyll b kunye ne-chlorophyll iyonke (0.868**) kunye nee-pigment iyonke (0.851**); i-chlorophyll iyonke inolwalamano oluphezulu nolubalulekileyo kunye nee-pigment iyonke (0.984**).
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ze-chlorophyll correlation coefficient. # Ii-axes ze-Y: 1- Itshaneli a, 2- Itshaneli. b,3 – umlinganiselo we-a/b, iitshaneli ezi-4. Itotali, ii-carotenoids ezi-5, ii-pigment ezi-6. # Ii-X-Axes: A-Ch. aB-Ch. umlinganiselo we-b, C-a/b, D-Ch. Umxholo uwonke, ii-E-carotenoids, i-F-isivuno see-pigment.
I-Dwarf Schefflera sisityalo esidumileyo sasekhaya kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ukukhula nophuhliso lwaso lufumana ingqwalasela enkulu kule mihla. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo kubangele umahluko omkhulu, apho zonke iindlela zonyango zonyusa ubude besityalo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Nangona ubude besityalo buhlala bulawulwa ngokwemfuza, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulawula ukukhula kwesityalo kunokunyusa okanye kunciphise ubude besityalo. Ukuphakama kwesityalo kunye nenani lamagqabi aphathwe nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/L yayizezona ziphezulu, zifikelela kwi-109 cm kunye ne-38.25, ngokulandelelana. Ngokuhambelana nezifundo zangaphambili (SalehiSardoei et al.52) kunye neSpathiphyllum23, ukunyuka okufanayo kobude besityalo ngenxa yonyango lwe-gibberellic acid kubonwe kwii-marigolds ezifakwe kwiimbiza, i-albus alba21, i-daylilies22, i-daylilies, i-agarwood kunye ne-peace lilies.
I-Gibberellic acid (GA) idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-physiological zezityalo. Zivuselela ukwahlukana kweeseli, ukwandiswa kweeseli, ukwandiswa kwesiqu kunye nokwanda kobukhulu24. I-GA ibangela ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwandiswa kwee-apices zehlumela kunye ne-meristems25. Utshintsho lwamagqabi lukwabandakanya ukuncipha kobukhulu besiqu, ubungakanani obuncinci bamagqabi, kunye nombala oluhlaza okhanyayo26. Izifundo ezisebenzisa izinto ezithintelayo okanye ezivuselelayo zibonise ukuba ii-calcium ions ezivela kwimithombo yangaphakathi zisebenza njengezithunywa zesibini kwindlela yokubonisa i-gibberellin kwi-sorghum corolla27. I-HA yonyusa ubude besityalo ngokuvuselela ukwenziwa kwee-enzymes ezibangela ukuphumla kodonga lweseli, njenge-XET okanye i-XTH, ii-expansins kunye ne-PME28. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zande njengoko udonga lweseli luphumla kwaye amanzi engena kwiseli29. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-GA7, i-GA3 kunye ne-GA4 kunokunyusa ukwandiswa kwesiqu30,31. I-Gibberellic acid ibangela ukwandiswa kwesiqu kwizityalo ezincinci, kwaye kwizityalo ze-rosette, i-GA iyalibazisa ukukhula kwamagqabi kunye nokwandiswa kwe-internode32. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuzala, ubude besiqu buyanda bufikelela kubude obuphindwe ka-4–5 ukusuka kubude baso bokuqala33. Inkqubo ye-GA biosynthesis kwizityalo ishwankathelwe kuMfanekiso 9.
I-GA biosynthesis kwizityalo kunye namanqanaba e-GA ephilayo esebenzayo, ukubonakaliswa kwezityalo (ekunene) kunye ne-GA biosynthesis (ekhohlo). Iintolo zinemibala ehambelana nohlobo lwe-HA oluboniswe kwindlela ye-biosynthesis; iintolo ezibomvu zibonisa amanqanaba e-GC aphantsi ngenxa yendawo kwizityalo, kwaye iintolo ezimnyama zibonisa amanqanaba e-GC anyukileyo. Kwizityalo ezininzi, ezifana nerayisi kunye ne-watermelon, umxholo we-GA uphezulu kwisiseko okanye kwinxalenye esezantsi yegqabi30. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iingxelo zibonisa ukuba umxholo we-GA osebenzayo uyancipha njengoko amagqabi ephakama ukusuka kwisiseko34. Amanqanaba achanekileyo e-gibberellins kwezi meko awaziwa.
Abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo nabo banefuthe elikhulu kwinani kunye nendawo yamagqabi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukonyuka koxinzelelo lwe-regulator yokukhula kwezityalo kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwendawo kunye nenani lamagqabi. I-Benzyladine ibikwe ukuba inyusa imveliso yamagqabi e-calla15. Ngokweziphumo zolu phononongo, zonke iindlela zonyango ziphucule indawo kunye nenani lamagqabi. I-Gibberellic acid + i-benzyladine yayiyeyona ndlela isebenzayo yonyango kwaye ibangele inani kunye nendawo enkulu yamagqabi. Xa kukhuliswa i-dwarf schefflera ngaphakathi, kunokubakho ukwanda okubonakalayo kwinani lamagqabi.
Unyango lwe-GA3 lonyuse ubude be-internode xa kuthelekiswa ne-benzyladine (BA) okanye akukho nyango lwe-hormone. Esi siphumo sinengqondo xa sijonga indima ye-GA ekukhuthazeni ukukhula7. Ukukhula kwesiqu kubonise iziphumo ezifanayo. I-Gibberellic acid yonyuse ubude besiqu kodwa yehlisa ububanzi baso. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-BA kunye ne-GA3 konyuse kakhulu ubude besiqu. Olu nyuko lwaluphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo ezinyangwa nge-BA okanye ngaphandle kwe-hormone. Nangona i-gibberellic acid kunye ne-cytokinins (CK) ngokubanzi zikhuthaza ukukhula kwesityalo, kwezinye iimeko zineziphumo ezichaseneyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo35. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisana okubi kubonwe ekwandeni kobude be-hypocotyl kwizityalo ezinyangwa nge-GA kunye ne-BA36. Kwelinye icala, i-BA yonyuse kakhulu umthamo weengcambu (Itheyibhile 1). Ukwanda komthamo weengcambu ngenxa ye-BA yangaphandle kuye kwaxelwa kwizityalo ezininzi (umz. iintlobo zeDendrobium kunye ne-Orchid)37,38.
Zonke iindlela zonyango zehomoni zonyuse inani lamagqabi amatsha. Ukwanda kwendalo kwendawo yamagqabi kunye nobude besiqu ngokusebenzisa iindlela zonyango ezidibeneyo kuyanqweneleka kwezorhwebo. Inani lamagqabi amatsha luphawu olubalulekileyo lokukhula kwezityalo. Ukusetyenziswa kweehomoni zangaphandle akusetyenziswanga kwimveliso yorhwebo yeLiriodendron tulipifera. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zokukhuthaza ukukhula ze-GA kunye ne-CK, ezisetyenziswa ngokulinganayo, zinokubonelela ngengqiqo entsha yokuphucula ukulinywa kwesi sityalo. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, isiphumo sokusebenzisana sonyango lwe-BA + GA3 sasiphezulu kuneso se-GA okanye i-BA esinikwa yodwa. I-Gibberellic acid yonyusa inani lamagqabi amatsha. Njengoko amagqabi amatsha ekhula, ukwandisa inani lamagqabi amatsha kunokunciphisa ukukhula kwamagqabi39. I-GA ibikwe ukuba iphucula ukuthuthwa kwe-sucrose ukusuka kwizinki ukuya kwizitho zomthombo40,41. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-GA ngaphandle kwizityalo ezihlala ixesha elide kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwamalungu ezityalo afana namagqabi kunye neengcambu, ngaloo ndlela kuthintele ukutshintshwa kokukhula kwezityalo ukuya ekukhuleni kokuzala42.
Impembelelo ye-GA ekwandiseni izinto ezomileyo zesityalo ingachazwa kukwanda kwe-photosynthesis ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yamagqabi43. I-GA ibikwe ukuba ibangela ukwanda kwendawo yamagqabi eMaize34. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwe-BA ukuya kwi-200 mg/L kunokunyusa ubude kunye nenani lamasebe esibini kunye nomthamo weengcambu. I-Gibberellic acid ichaphazela iinkqubo zeseli ezifana nokukhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwandiswa kwazo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukukhula kwezityalo43. Ukongeza, i-HA yandisa udonga lweseli ngokufaka i-hydrolyzing starch kwiswekile, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla amanzi eseli, ibangela ukuba amanzi angene kwiseli kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekwandeni kweeseli44.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-08-2024