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Izityalo ezihlobisa amagqabi anembonakalo echumileyo zixabiswa kakhulu.Enye indlela yokuphumeza oku kukusebenzisaizilawuli zokukhula kwezityalonjengezixhobo zokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo.Uphononongo lwenziwe kwi-Schefflera dwarf (isityalo samagqabi ahombisayo) esinyangwa ngezitshizi zamagqabi zegibberellik acidkunye nehomoni ye-benzyladenine kwi-greenhouse exhotywe ngenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela inkungu.Ihomoni yatshizwa kumagqabi e-schefflera encinci kugxininiso lwe-0, 100 kunye ne-200 mg/l kwizigaba ezithathu rhoqo ngeentsuku ezili-15.Uvavanyo lwenziwe kwisiseko soyilo kuyilo olungenamkhethe ngokupheleleyo kunye neempendulo ezine.Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine kwi-concentration ye-200 mg / l ibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinani lamagqabi, indawo yamagqabi kunye nokuphakama kwesityalo.Olu nyango luye lwakhokelela kumxholo ophezulu we-photosynthetic pigments.Ukongezelela, imilinganiselo ephezulu ye-carbohydrates e-soluble kunye nokunciphisa ishukela yabonwa kunye ne-benzyladenine kwi-100 kunye ne-200 mg / L kunye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine kwi-200 mg / L.Uhlalutyo lwe-Stepwise regression lubonise ukuba i-root volume yayiyinguqu yokuqala yokungena kwimodeli, ichaza i-44% yenguqu.Utshintsho olulandelayo yayibubunzima beengcambu ezintsha, kunye nemodeli ye-bivariate echaza i-63% yokwahluka kwinani lamagqabi.Esona siphumo silungileyo kwinani legqabi senziwa bubunzima bengcambu entsha (0.43), obunxulunyaniswe kakuhle nenani legqabi (0.47).Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine kwi-concentration ye-200 mg / l iphucule kakhulu ukukhula kwe-morphological, i-chlorophyll kunye ne-carotenoid synthesis ye-Liriodendron tulipifera, kunye nokunciphisa umxholo weeshukela kunye ne-carbohydrates e-soluble.
I-Schefflera arborescens (Hayata) iMerr sisityalo sokuhombisa esihlala siluhlaza sosapho lwe-Araliaceae, inzalelwane yaseChina naseTaiwan1.Esi sityalo sihlala sikhula njengesityalo sendlu, kodwa isityalo esinye kuphela esinokukhula kwiimeko ezinjalo.Amagqabi anamaphecana ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-16, ngalinye li-10-20 cm2 ubude.I-Dwarf Schefflera ithengiswa ngobuninzi ngonyaka, kodwa iindlela zale mihla zokulima azifane zisetyenziswe.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo njengezixhobo zokulawula ezisebenzayo zokuphucula ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa okuzinzileyo kweemveliso ze-horticultural kufuna ingqalelo ngakumbi.Namhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo kuye kwanda kakhulu3,4,5.I-Gibberellic acid ngumlawuli wokukhula kwezityalo onokunyusa isivuno sezityalo6.Enye yeziphumo zayo ezaziwayo kukuvuselela ukukhula kwezityalo, kubandakanywa ubude besiqu kunye neengcambu kunye nokwanda kwendawo yamagqabi7.Eyona mpembelelo ibalulekileyo yegibberellins kukunyuka kobude besiqu ngenxa yobude be-internodes.Ukutshiza nge-Foliar kwe-gibberellins kwizityalo ezincinci ezingakwaziyo ukuvelisa i-gibberellins kubangela ukwanda kwe-stem elongation kunye nokuphakama kwesityalo8.Ukutshiza nge-Foliar yeentyatyambo kunye namagqabi nge-gibberellic acid kwi-concentration ye-500 mg / l kunokunyusa ukuphakama kwesityalo, inani, ububanzi kunye nobude bamagqabi9.I-Gibberellins iye yaxelwa ukuba ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezityalo zamagqabi abanzi10.Ukwandiswa kwe-Stem kwabonwa kwi-Scots pine (Pinussylvestris) kunye ne-spruce emhlophe (i-Piceaglauca) xa amaqabunga efafazwe nge-gibberellic acid11.
Olunye uphononongo luphonononge iziphumo zabalawuli abathathu bokukhula kwezityalo zecytokinin ekubunjweni kwesebe elisecaleni kwiLily officinalis.bend Iimvavanyo zenziwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ukufunda iziphumo zonyaka.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-kinetin, i-benzyladenine kunye ne-2-prenyladenine ayizange ichaphazele ukubunjwa kwamasebe ongezelelweyo.Nangona kunjalo, i-500 ppm benzyladenine ibangele ukusekwa kwe-12.2 kunye ne-8.2 yamasebe ancedisayo ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, ngokulandelelana, xa kuthelekiswa ne-4.9 kunye ne-3.9 yamasebe kwizityalo zokulawula.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba unyango lwasehlotyeni lusebenza ngakumbi kunobusika12.Komnye umfuniselo, Uxolo Lily var.Izityalo zeTassone zaphathwa nge-0, 250 kunye ne-500 ppm benzyladenine kwiimbiza ezi-10 cm ububanzi.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba unyango lomhlaba luye lwandisa kakhulu inani lamagqabi angaphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula kunye nezityalo eziphathwe nge-benzyladenine.Amagqabi amatsha ongeziweyo abonwa kwiiveki ezine emva konyango, kwaye imveliso yamagqabi ephezulu yabonwa kwiiveki ezisibhozo emva konyango.Kwiiveki ezingama-20 emva konyango, izityalo ezinyangwa ngumhlaba zazinobude obuncinane kunezityalo ezinyangwe ngaphambili13.Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-benzyladenine kwi-concentration ye-20 mg / L inokunyusa kakhulu ukuphakama kwesityalo kunye nenani leqabunga kwi-Croton 14. Kwi-calla lily, i-benzyladenine kwi-concentration ye-500 ppm ibangele ukwanda kwenani lamasebe, ngelixa inani. yamasebe ibiyeyona incinci kwiqela lolawulo15.Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuphanda ukutshizwa kwe-foliar ye-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine ukuphucula ukukhula kwe-Schefflera dwarfa, isityalo sokuhombisa.Ezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zinokunceda abalimi abarhwebayo bacwangcise imveliso efanelekileyo unyaka wonke.Akukho zifundo ziqhutywe ukuphucula ukukhula kwe-Liriodendron tulipifera.
Olu phononongo lwenziwe kwindawo yophando lwezityalo zangaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yase-Islamic Azad eJiloft, eIran.Ufakelo lweengcambu ezifanayo zeshefflera encinci engama-25 ± 5 cm ubude yalungiswa (yasasazwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu phambi kovavanyo) kwaye ityalwe ezimbizeni.Imbiza yiplastiki, emnyama, enobubanzi obuyi-20 cm kunye nobude obungama-30 cm16.
Inkcubeko yenkcubeko kolu phononongo yayingumxube we-peat, i-humus, isanti ehlanjiweyo kunye ne-rice husk kumlinganiselo we-1: 1: 1: 1 (ngomthamo)16.Beka umaleko wamatye engqalutye emazantsi embiza ukuze ukhuphe amanzi.Umndilili wamaqondo obushushu emini nasebusuku kwigreenhouse ekupheleni kwentlakohlaza nasehlotyeni ayengama-32±2°C nama-28±2°C, ngokulandelelanayo.Ukufuma okuhambelanayo kufikelela kwi-70%.Sebenzisa inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela.Ngokomyinge, izityalo zinkcenkceshelwa amaxesha angama-12 ngosuku.Ekwindla nasehlotyeni, ixesha lokunkcenkceshela ngalinye yimizuzu eyi-8, ixesha lokunkcenkceshela liyiyure eli-1.Izityalo zakhuliswa ngokufanayo ngamaxesha amane, i-2, i-4, i-6 kunye ne-8 iiveki emva kokuhlwayela, kunye nesisombululo se-micronutrient (Ghoncheh Co., Iran) kwi-concentration ye-3 ppm kwaye inkcenkceshelwa nge-100 ml yesisombululo ngexesha ngalinye.Isisombululo sezondlo siqulethe i-N 8 ppm, i-P 4 ppm, i-K 5 ppm kunye ne-trace elements Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo kunye ne-B.
Imilinganiselo emithathu ye-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo (ethengwe kwi-Sigma) ilungiswe kwi-0, 100 kunye ne-200 mg / L kwaye ifafazwe kwi-buds yezityalo kwizigaba ezintathu kwixesha le-15 iintsuku17.Phakathi kwe-20 (0.1%) (ethengwe kwi-Sigma) isetyenziswe kwisisombululo sokwandisa ixesha elide kunye nesantya sokufunxa.Ekuseni kusasa, fafaza iihomoni kwi-buds kunye namagqabi e-Liriodendron tulipifera usebenzisa isitshizi.Izityalo zifafazwa ngamanzi adibeneyo.
Ubude besityalo, ububanzi besiqu, indawo yeqabunga, umxholo we-chlorophyll, inani le-internodes, ubude bamasebe esibini, inani lamasebe esibini, umthamo wengcambu, ubude beengcambu, ubunzima begqabi, ingcambu, isiqu kunye ne-fresh matter, umxholo we-photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll). a, i-chlorophyll b) I-chlorophyll iyonke, i-carotenoids, i-pigments iyonke), ukunciphisa iiswekile kunye ne-carbohydrates e-soluble yalinganiswa kunyango oluhlukeneyo.
Isiqulatho seklorofili kumagqabi amatsha silinganiswe kwiintsuku eziyi-180 emva kokutshiza kusetyenziswa imitha yeklorofili (Spad CL-01) ukusuka kwi-9:30 ukuya kwi-10 am (ngenxa yokutsha kwamagqabi).Ukongeza, indawo yegqabi ilinganiswe kwiintsuku ezingama-180 emva kokutshiza.Viyila amagqabi amathathu ukusuka phezulu, embindini nasezantsi kwesiqu kwimbiza nganye.La magqabi asetyenziswa njengeetemplates kwiphepha le-A4 kwaye ipateni enesiphumo iyasikwa.Ubunzima kunye nommandla womphezulu wephepha elinye lephepha le-A4 nazo zalinganiswa.Emva koko indawo yamagqabi e-stenciled ibalwa ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo.Ukongezelela, umthamo wengcambu unqunywe usebenzisa isilinda esithweswe isidanga.Ubunzima bomileyo begqabi, ubunzima bomile kwesiqu, ubunzima bomile beengcambu, kunye nobunzima bomileyo bubonke besampulu nganye bulinganiswe ngokomiswa kwe-oveni ngama-72°C iiyure ezingama-48.
Umxholo we-chlorophyll kunye ne-carotenoids ulinganiswe nge-Lichtenthaler method18.Ukwenza oku, i-0.1 g yamagqabi amatsha yayigalelwe kwi-porcelain mortar ene-15 ml ye-80% ye-acetone, kwaye emva kokucoca, ubuninzi babo bokukhanya bulinganiswe ngokusebenzisa i-spectrophotometer kwi-wavelengths ye-663.2, 646.8 kunye ne-470 nm.Lungelelanisa isixhobo usebenzisa i-80% yeacetone.Bala ukuxinana kweepigments zephotosynthetic usebenzisa le equation ilandelayo:
Phakathi kwabo, i-Chl a, i-Chl b, i-Chl T kunye ne-Car imele i-chlorophyll a, i-chlorophyll b, i-chlorophyll epheleleyo kunye ne-carotenoids, ngokulandelanayo.Iziphumo zinikezelwe kwisityalo se-mg/ml.
Ukunciphisa iswekile kwalinganiswa kusetyenziswa indlela ye-Somogy19.Ukwenza oku, i-0.02 g yamahlumela esityalo igalelwe kwi-porcelain mortar kunye ne-10 ml yamanzi adibeneyo kwaye igalelwe kwiglasi encinci.Fudumeza iglasi ukuba ibile kwaye emva koko ucoce imixholo usebenzisa i-Whatman No. 1 yephepha lokucoca ukufumana isicatshulwa sesityalo.Dlulisa i-2 ml yesicatshulwa ngasinye kwi-tube yokuvavanya kwaye ungeze i-2 ml yesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi.Gubungela ityhubhu yokuvavanya ngoboya bekotoni kunye nokufudumala kwindawo yokuhlambela amanzi kwi-100 ° C imizuzu engama-20.Ngeli nqanaba, i-Cu2 + iguqulwa ibe yi-Cu2O ngokunciphisa i-aldehyde monosaccharide kunye ne-salmon (i-terracotta) umbala ubonakala phantsi kombhobho wokuvavanya.Emva kokuba ityhubhu yokuvavanya ipholile, yongeza i-2 ml ye-phosphomolybdic acid kunye nombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uya kuvela.Gcoba ityhubhu ngamandla de kube umbala usasazwe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ityhubhu.Funda ukuxhamla kwesisombululo kwi-600 nm usebenzisa i-spectrophotometer.
Bala ukuxinana kokunciphisa iswekile usebenzisa igophe eliqhelekileyo.Ukuxinwa kwe-carbohydrates e-soluble kunqunywe yiFales method20.Ukwenza oku, i-0.1 g yehlumela ixutywe kunye ne-2.5 ml ye-ethanol ye-80% kwi-90 ° C kwi-60 min (izigaba ezibini ze-30 min nganye) ukukhupha i-carbohydrates e-soluble.Isicatshulwa ke siyahluzwa kwaye utywala bukhutshiwe.I-precipitate ebangelwayo ichithwa kwi-2.5 ml yamanzi adibeneyo.Thela i-200 ml yesampuli nganye kwi-tube yokuvavanya kwaye ungeze i-5 ml yesalathisi se-anthrone.Umxube ufakwe kwindawo yokuhlambela amanzi kwi-90 ° C ngemizuzu eyi-17, kwaye emva kokupholisa, ukuxutywa kwayo kunqunywe kwi-625 nm.
Uvavanyo lwalulinge lovavanyo olusekwe kuyilo olungenamkhethe ngokupheleleyo oluneziphindaphindo ezine.Inkqubo ye-PROC UNIVARIATE isetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukuqheleka kokuhanjiswa kwedatha ngaphambi kokuhlalutya ukuhluka.Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwaqala ngohlalutyo oluchazayo lweenkcukacha-manani ukuqonda umgangatho wedatha ekrwada eqokelelweyo.Ubalo luyilelwe ukwenza lula kunye nokucinezela iiseti zedatha enkulu ukuze kube lula ukutolika.Emva koko, uhlalutyo olunzima ngakumbi lwenziwa.Uvavanyo lukaDuncan lwenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeSPSS (uguqulelo lwama-24; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) ukubala intsingiselo yesikwere kunye neempazamo zokulinga ukumisela umahluko phakathi kweeseti zedatha.Uvavanyo oluninzi lukaDuncan (DMRT) lwasetyenziselwa ukuchonga umahluko phakathi kweendlela kwinqanaba lokubaluleka (0.05 ≤ p).I-Pearson coefficient coefficient (r) ibalwa kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (uguqulelo 26; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) ukuvavanya ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweeparamitha ezahlukeneyo.Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lokuhlehla ngomgca lwenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (v.26) ukuqikelela amaxabiso ezinto eziguquguqukayo zonyaka wokuqala ngokusekwe kumaxabiso ezinto eziguquguqukayo zonyaka wesibini.Kwelinye icala, uhlahlelo lwe-stepwise regression analysis kunye ne-p <0.01 lwenziwa ukuchonga iimpawu ezichaphazela kakhulu amagqabi e-schefflera.Uhlalutyo lwendlela luye lwaqhutyelwa ukugqiba imiphumo echanekileyo kunye neyodwa yempawu nganye kwimodeli (esekelwe kwiimpawu ezichaza ngcono ukuhluka).Zonke izibalo ezingentla (isiqhelo sokusasazwa kwedatha, i-coefficient yokulungelelaniswa okulula, ukuhlehliswa kwamanyathelo kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela) zenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS V.26.
Iisampulu ezikhethiweyo zezityalo ezilinyiweyo zihambelana nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo zamaziko, zesizwe kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho wasekhaya wase-Iran.
Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa izibalo ezichazayo zentsingiselo, ukuphambuka okusemgangathweni, ubuncinci, ubuninzi, uluhlu, kunye ne-phenotypic coefficient of variation (CV) kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo.Phakathi kwezi zibalo, i-CV ivumela ukuthelekiswa kweempawu kuba ayinamda.Ukunciphisa iswekile (40.39%), ubunzima beengcambu (37.32%), ubunzima bengcambu (37.30%), umlinganiselo weswekile ukuya kwiswekile (30.20%) kunye nomthamo weengcambu (30%) zezona ziphezulu.kunye nomxholo weklorofili (9.88%).) kwaye indawo enamagqabi inelona salathiso liphezulu (11.77%) kwaye inelona xabiso lisezantsi leCV.Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa ukuba ubunzima obumanzi bubonke bunoluhlu oluphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, olu phawu alunayo i-CV ephezulu.Ke ngoko, iimetrics ezingenamda ezifana neCV kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuthelekisa utshintsho lweempawu.I-CV ephezulu ibonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi konyango lwale mpawu.Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zibonise umahluko omkhulu phakathi konyango lweswekile ephantsi kwingcambu yobunzima bomileyo, ubunzima beengcambu esitsha, umlinganiselo wecarbohydrate ukuya kwiswekile, kunye neempawu zevolumu yeengcambu.
Iziphumo ze-ANOVA zibonise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula, ukutshiza kwe-foliar nge-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine ibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo ekuphakameni kwesityalo, inani lamagqabi, indawo yamagqabi, umthamo weengcambu, ubude beengcambu, isalathisi se-chlorophyll, ubunzima obutsha kunye nobunzima obomileyo.
Ukuthelekiswa kwamaxabiso aphakathi kubonise ukuba izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zinefuthe elibalulekileyo kubude besityalo kunye nenani lamagqabi.Unyango olusebenzayo lwaluyi-gibberellic acid kwi-concentration ye-200 mg / l kunye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine kwi-concentration ye-200 mg / l.Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, ukuphakama kwesityalo kunye nenani lamagqabi linyuke ngamaxesha angama-32.92 kunye namaxesha angama-62.76, ngokulandelanayo (Itheyibhile 2).
Indawo yeqabunga inyuke kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, kunye nokunyuka okuphezulu okubonwa kwi-200 mg / l ye-gibberellic acid, ukufikelela kwi-89.19 cm2.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba indawo yamagqabi inyuke kakhulu ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lokulawula ukukhula (Itheyibhile 2).
Zonke unyango zandisa kakhulu umthamo weengcambu kunye nobude xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine kwaba nefuthe elikhulu, ukwandisa umthamo kunye nobude beengcambu ngesiqingatha xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula (Itheyibhile 2).
Amanani aphezulu e-stem ububanzi kunye nobude be-internode babonwa kulawulo kunye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine 200 mg / l unyango, ngokulandelanayo.
Isalathisi se-chlorophyll senyuke kuzo zonke iindidi xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.Ixabiso eliphezulu lale mpawu libonwe xa liphathwa nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine 200 mg / l, eyayiyi-30.21% ephezulu kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 2).
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba unyango lubangele ukungafani okukhulu kumxholo we-pigment, ukunciphisa iiswekile kunye ne-carbohydrates e-soluble.
Unyango nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine kubangele umxholo ophezulu we-photosynthetic pigments.Olu phawu lwaluphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke iinguqulelo kunolawulo.
Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba lonke unyango lunokunyusa umxholo we-chlorophyll kwi-Schefflera dwarf.Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eliphezulu lale mpawu labonwa kunyango nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine, eyayiyi-36.95% ephezulu kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 3).
Iziphumo ze-chlorophyll b zazifana ngokupheleleyo neziphumo ze-chlorophyll a, umahluko kuphela kukunyuka komxholo we-chlorophyll b, owawuyi-67.15% ephezulu kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 3).
Unyango lubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwi-chlorophyll epheleleyo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.Unyango nge-gibberellic acid 200 mg / l + benzyladenine 100 mg / l iholele kwixabiso eliphezulu lale mpawu, eyayiyi-50% ephezulu kunolawulo (Itheyibhile 3).Ngokweziphumo, ulawulo kunye nonyango kunye ne-benzyladenine kwi-dose ye-100 mg / l iholele kumazinga aphezulu ale mpawu.I-Liriodendron tulipifera inexabiso eliphezulu le-carotenoids (Itheyibhile 3).
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa uphathwa nge-gibberellic acid kwi-concentration ye-200 mg / L, umxholo we-chlorophyll unyuke kakhulu kwi-chlorophyll b (umzobo 1).
Impembelelo ye-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine kwi-a / b Ch.Imilinganiselo ye-schefflera encinci.(GA3: gibberellic acid kunye BA: benzyladenine).Oonobumba abafanayo kumzobo ngamnye babonisa ukuba umahluko awubalulekanga (P <0.01).
Isiphumo sonyango ngalunye kubunzima obutsha kunye nobomileyo bomthi we-schefflera omncinci wawuphezulu kakhulu kunolawulo.I-Gibberellic acid + i-benzyladenine kwi-200 mg / L yonyango olusebenzayo, ukwandisa ubunzima obutsha nge-138.45% xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula.Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, zonke iindlela zonyango ngaphandle kwe-100 mg / L benzyladenine yandisa kakhulu ubunzima besityalo esomileyo, kunye ne-200 mg / L i-gibberellic acid + i-benzyladenine ibangele ixabiso eliphezulu le mpawu (Itheyibhile 4).
Uninzi lweenguqu zahluke kakhulu kulawulo kule nkalo, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-100 kunye ne-200 mg / l benzyladenine kunye ne-200 mg / l gibberellic acid + benzyladenine (Umfanekiso 2).
Iimpembelelo ze-gibberellic acid kunye ne-benzyladenine kumlinganiselo weekhabhohayidrethi ezinyibilikayo kunye nokunciphisa iswekile kwi-schefflera encinci.(GA3: gibberellic acid kunye BA: benzyladenine).Oonobumba abafanayo kumfanekiso ngamnye babonisa ukuba akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo (P <0.01).
Uhlalutyo lwe-stepwise lwenziwa ukufumanisa iimpawu ezichanekileyo kunye nokuqonda kangcono ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezizimeleyo kunye nenani leqabunga kwi-Liriodendron tulipifera.Umthamo wengcambu wawuyinguqu yokuqala engenisiweyo kwimodeli, ichaza i-44% yokwahluka.Inguqu elandelayo yayibubunzima beengcambu ezintsha, kwaye ezi ziguquguqukayo zimbini zichaze i-63% yokwahluka kwinani lamagqabi (Itheyibhile 5).
Uhlalutyo lwendlela lwenziwa ukutolika ngcono ukuhlehla kwenyathelo (Itheyibhile 6 kunye noMfanekiso 3).Esona siphumo silungileyo kwinani legqabi layanyaniswa nobunzima beengcambu ezintsha (0.43), obunxulunyaniswa kakuhle nenani legqabi (0.47).Oku kubonisa ukuba olu phawu luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isivuno, ngelixa isiphumo saso esingangqalanga ngezinye iimpawu singahoywa, kwaye olu phawu lunokusetyenziswa njengenqobo yokukhetha kwiinkqubo zokufuya i-schefflera encinci.Isiphumo esithe ngqo somthamo weengcambu sasingalunganga (−0.67).Impembelelo yolu phawu kwinani lamagqabi lithe ngqo, impembelelo engathanga ngqo ayibalulekanga.Oku kubonisa ukuba ubukhulu bomthamo weengcambu, inani elincinci lamagqabi.
Umzobo we-4 ubonisa utshintsho kwi-linear regression ye-root volume kunye nokunciphisa ishukela.Ngokwe-coefficient ye-regression coefficient, iyunithi nganye itshintsha ubude beengcambu kunye ne-carbohydrates e-soluble ithetha ukuba i-root volume kunye nokunciphisa iishukela ziguquka nge-0.6019 kunye ne-0.311 units.
I-Pearson coefficient coefficient yeempawu zokukhula iboniswe kuMzobo 5. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba inani lamagqabi kunye nokuphakama kwesityalo (0.379 *) kunomlinganiselo ophezulu ophezulu ochanekileyo kunye nokubaluleka.
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kwisantya sokukhula kolungelelwaniso lwee-coefficients.# Y Axis: 1-Index Ch., 2-Internode, 3-LAI, 4-N yamagqabi, 5-Ukuphakama kwemilenze, 6-Stem ububanzi.# Ecaleni kwe-X axis: A – isalathisi H., B – umgama phakathi kwamanqaku, C – LAY, D – N. yegqabi, E – ubude bomlenze webhulukhwe, F – ububanzi besiqu.
I-Pearson coefficient yokulungelelaniswa kweempawu ezinxulumene nobunzima obumanzi iboniswe kuMzobo 6. Iziphumo zibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kobunzima obumanzi begqabi kunye nobunzima bomileyo obungaphezulu komhlaba (0.834 **), ubunzima obubomileyo bubonke (0.913 **) kunye nobunzima bomileyo (0.562 *) )..Ubunzima obomileyo bubonke bunolona lungelelaniso luphezulu nolubaluleke kakhulu kunye nobunzima bomileyo (0.790**) kunye nengcambu yobunzima bomileyo (0.741**).
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kokuguquguquka komlinganiso wobunzima obutsha.# I-axis ye-Y: 1 - ubunzima bamagqabi amatsha, 2 - ubunzima bamaqabunga amatsha, 3 - ubunzima beengcambu ezitsha, 4 - ubunzima obupheleleyo bamagqabi amatsha.# I-X-axis imele: A - ubunzima begqabi elitsha, B - ubunzima behluma elitsha, CW - ubunzima bengcambu entsha, D - ubunzima obutsha bubonke.
I-Pearson coefficients yokulungelelaniswa kweempawu ezinxulumene nesisindo esomileyo ziboniswe kuMzobo 7. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ubunzima bomile beqabunga, ubunzima bobunzima be-bud (0.848 **) kunye nobunzima obomileyo (0.947 **), ubunzima bobunzima be-bud (0.854 **) kunye nobunzima obomileyo (0.781 **) banamanani aphezulu.ulungelelwaniso oluhle kunye nolungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo.
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kokuguquguquka komlinganiso wobunzima obomileyo.# I-axis ye-Y imele: I-1-iqabunga lobunzima bomileyo, i-2-bud ubunzima obomileyo, i-3-ingcambu eyomileyo yobunzima, ubunzima obu-4 bubonke.# X Axis: A-igqabi ubunzima owomileyo, B-bud ubunzima owomileyo, CW ingcambu ubunzima owomileyo, D-bonke ubunzima owomileyo.
I-Pearson coefficient coefficient of pigment properties iboniswe kuMzobo 8. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-chlorophyll a kunye ne-chlorophyll b (0.716 **), i-chlorophyll epheleleyo (0.968 **) kunye ne-pigments iyonke (0.954 **);i-chlorophyll b kunye ne-chlorophyll epheleleyo (0.868 **) kunye ne-pigments iyonke (0.851 **);iyonke iklorofili inolona nxulumano luphezulu olulungileyo kunye nolubalulekileyo kunye nee-pigments zizonke (0.984**).
Imephu yobushushu yobudlelwane phakathi kwe-chlorophyll corelation coefficient variables.# Y amazembe: 1- Ijelo a, 2- Ijelo.b,3 – a/b ratio, 4 amajelo.Iyonke, i-5-carotenoids, i-6-isivuno se-pigments.# X-Axes: A-Ch.aB-Ch.b,C- a/b ratio, D-Ch.Umxholo opheleleyo, i-E-carotenoids, i-F-isivuno se-pigments.
I-Dwarf Schefflera sisityalo sasekhaya esidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwaso ngoku lufumana ingqalelo enkulu.Ukusetyenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo kubangele iyantlukwano ebalulekileyo, kunye nalo lonke unyango lokunyusa ukuphakama kwesityalo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.Nangona ubude besityalo buqhele ukulawulwa ngokwemfuza, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo kunokunyusa okanye kunciphise ubude bezityalo.Ukuphakama kwesityalo kunye nenani lamagqabi aphathwe nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine 200 mg / L yayiphezulu, ifikelela kwi-109 cm kunye ne-38.25, ngokulandelanayo.Ngokuhambelana nezifundo zangaphambili (i-SalehiSardoei et al.52) kunye ne-Spathiphyllum23, ukunyuka okufanayo kokuphakama kwesityalo ngenxa yonyango lwe-gibberellic acid kwabonwa kwi-potted marigolds, i-albus alba21, i-daylilies22, i-daylilies, i-agarwood kunye neenyibiba zoxolo.
I-Gibberellic acid (GA) idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-physiological zezityalo.Zivuselela ukwahlukana kweeseli, ukwandiswa kweeseli, ukwanda kwesiqu kunye nokwanda kobungakanani24.I-GA yenza ulwahlulo lweeseli kunye nokwandiswa kwi-apices yehlumelo kunye ne-meristems25.Utshintsho lwamagqabi lukwabandakanya ukuncipha kobungqingqwa besikhondo, ubungakanani bamagqabi amancinci, kunye nombala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo26.Izifundo ezisebenzisa i-inhibitory okanye izinto ezikhuthazayo zibonise ukuba i-calcium ions evela kwimithombo yangaphakathi isebenza njengezithunywa zesibini kwi-gibberellin yokubonisa indlela ye-sorghum corolla27.I-HA yandisa ubude bezityalo ngokuvuselela ukuhlanganiswa kwee-enzyme ezibangela ukuphumla kodonga lweseli, njenge-XET okanye i-XTH, i-expansins kunye ne-PME28.Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zande njengoko udonga lweseli luphumla kwaye amanzi engena kwiseli29.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-GA7, GA3 kunye ne-GA4 kunokunyusa ubude besiqu30,31.Iasidi yeGibberellic ibangela ubude besikhondo kwizityalo ezincinci, kwaye kwizityalo zerosette ibambezela ukukhula kwamagqabi kunye nobude be-internode32.Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuzala, ubude besiqu buyanda ukuya kumaxesha ama-4-5 ubude bawo bokuqala33.Inkqubo ye-GA biosynthesis kwizityalo ishwankathelwa kuMfanekiso 9.
I-GA biosynthesis kwizityalo kunye namanqanaba e-endogenous bioactive GA, ukumelwa kwenkqubo yezityalo (ekunene) kunye ne-GA biosynthesis (ekhohlo).Iintolo zinombala wekhowudi ukuhambelana nemo ye-HA eboniswe ecaleni kwendlela ye-biosynthetic;iintolo ezibomvu zibonisa amanqanaba e-GC anciphileyo ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala kwizitho zezityalo, kunye neentolo ezimnyama zibonisa amanqanaba eGC anyukileyo.Kwizityalo ezininzi, ezifana nerayisi kunye ne-watermelon, umxholo we-GA uphezulu kwisiseko okanye inxalenye ephantsi yeqabunga30.Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iingxelo zibonisa ukuba umxholo we-GA we-bioactive wehla njengoko amagqabi ekhula ukusuka kwisiseko34.Amanqanaba achanekileyo e-gibberellins kula matyala awaziwa.
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zikwachaphazela kakhulu inani kunye nommandla wamagqabi.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukwandisa ukugxininiswa kokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwendawo yamagqabi kunye nenani.I-Benzyladenine iye yabikwa ukuba yonyusa imveliso yamagqabi e-calla15.Ngokweziphumo zolu phononongo, lonke unyango luphucule indawo yamagqabi kunye nenani.I-Gibberellic acid + benzyladenine yayiyeyona yonyango isebenzayo kwaye ibangele inani elikhulu kunye nendawo yamagqabi.Xa ukhulisa i-schefflera encinci ngaphakathi endlwini, kunokubakho ukwanda okubonakalayo kwinani lamagqabi.
Unyango lwe-GA3 lonyuse ubude be-internode xa kuthelekiswa ne-benzyladenine (BA) okanye akukho nyango lwehomoni.Esi siphumo siyavakala xa kujongwa indima ye-GA ekukhuthazeni ukukhula7.Ukukhula kwesiqu nako kubonise iziphumo ezifanayo.I-asidi ye-Gibberellic yandisa ubude besiqu kodwa yanciphisa ububanzi bayo.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okudityanisiweyo kwe-BA kunye ne-GA3 kwandise kakhulu ubude besiqu.Olu lwando lwaluphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo eziphathwa nge-BA okanye ngaphandle kwehomoni.Nangona i-gibberellic acid kunye ne-cytokinins (CK) ngokubanzi ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, kwezinye iimeko zineempembelelo ezichaseneyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo35.Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisana okungalunganga kwabonwa ekunyukeni kobude be-hypocotyl kwizityalo eziphathwe nge-GA kunye ne-BA36.Kwelinye icala, i-BA yandise kakhulu umthamo weengcambu (iThebhile 1).Ukunyuka komthamo weengcambu ngenxa ye-BA yangaphandle kuye kwaxelwa kwizityalo ezininzi (umz. I-Dendrobium kunye ne-Orchid)37,38.
Zonke iindlela zonyango zehomoni zandisa inani lamagqabi amatsha.Ukwanda kwendalo kummandla wamagqabi kunye nobude besikhondo ngonyango oludityanisiweyo kuyanqweneleka kurhwebo.Inani lamagqabi amatsha luphawu olubalulekileyo lokukhula kwezityalo.Ukusetyenziswa kwamahomoni angaphandle akuzange kusetyenziswe kwimveliso yentengiso yeLiriodendron tulipifera.Nangona kunjalo, imiphumo yokukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-GA kunye ne-CK, esetyenziswe ngokulinganayo, inokubonelela ngemibono emitsha ekuphuculeni ukulinywa kwesi sityalo.Ngokucacileyo, i-synergistic effect yonyango lwe-BA + GA3 yayiphezulu kune-GA okanye ye-BA elawulwa yodwa.I-asidi ye-Gibberelli inyusa inani lamagqabi amatsha.Njengoko amagqabi amatsha ekhula, ukwandisa inani lamagqabi amatsha kunokunciphisa ukukhula kwamagqabi39.I-GA iye yabikwa ukuba iphucule ukuthuthwa kwe-sucrose ukusuka kwiisinki ukuya kwizitho zomthombo40,41.Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-GA kwizityalo ezingapheliyo kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwamalungu ezityalo ezifana namagqabi kunye neengcambu, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ukuguquka kokukhula kwezityalo ukuya ekukhuleni kokuzala42.
Umphumo we-GA ekwandiseni izityalo ezomileyo zingachazwa ngokunyuka kwe-photosynthesis ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yamagqabi43.I-GA kuxelwe ukuba ibangele ukwanda kwendawo yamagqabi ombona34.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukwandisa i-BA yogxininiso kwi-200 mg / L inokunyusa ubude kunye nenani lamasebe esibini kunye nomthamo weengcambu.I-asidi ye-Gibberellic ichaphazela iinkqubo zeselula ezifana nokuvuselela ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwandisa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukukhula kwezityalo43.Ukongeza, i-HA yandisa udonga lweseli nge-hydrolyzing isitashi kwiswekile, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla eseli yamanzi, ibangela ukuba amanzi angene kwiseli kwaye ekugqibeleni akhokelele kwi-elongation yeseli44.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-11-2024