IRiphabliki yaseKenya (ebizwa ngokuba yiKenya) ikwimpuma yeAfrika. I-equator idlula kummandla wayo ophakathi, kwaye i-East African Rift Valley isuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Ijikeleze iSomalia empuma, iTanzania emazantsi, iUganda entshona, kunye ne-Ethiopia kunye neSouth Sudan emantla. Ummandla wonke welizwe yi-583,000 square kilometers, kwaye umhlaba wezolimo umalunga ne-18%. Ulimo lunye lwezona ntsika zintathu ziphambili zoqoqosho eKenya. Ngo-2023, ezolimo zithathe i-21.8% ye-GDP yelizwe.
1.1 Imeko Yokulima Izityalo Eziziinkozo
Umbona sesona sityalo sibalulekileyo eKenya, sihlala sibala indawo enkulu yokutyala. Indawo yokutyala umbona eKenya idla ngokuhlala ingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2 zeehektare, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisityalo esiphambili sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kwesizwe. Ngokwesibikezelo se-United States Foreign Agricultural Service, njengoko imeko yemozulu kunye nemvula zibuyela esiqhelweni, imveliso yombona eKenya kunyaka-mali ka-2025/26 iya kunyuka iye kwiitoni ezi-4.4 yezigidi, kodwa indawo yokutyala iya kuba ziihektare ezi-2.3 yezigidi. Ukulima umbona eKenya kugxile kakhulu kwiindawo ezisentshona nasemantla kummandla weRift Valley eMpuma Afrika, kwaye kufikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwimimandla esentshona nephakathi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwiindawo eziphambili zokulima umbona zorhwebo kumantla eRift Valley eMpuma Afrika, abalimi abaninzi baye batshintshela ekulimeni ezinye izityalo ezifana neeavokhado kunye nommoba.
Ingqolowa, njengesinye isityalo esibalulekileyo sokutya, inendawo ekhethekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo yaseKenya. Ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2023, indawo yokutyala ingqolowa eKenya ihlale ingaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeehektare, kodwa le ndawo ibisoloko incipha. Okwangoku, ukulima ingqolowa kugxile kakhulu eNarok kufutshane nomda neTanzania kunye nenxalenye esemantla yeNtaba iKenya. Ukuncipha kwendawo yokutyala ingqolowa kusenokuba ngenxa yamaxabiso emarike kunye nembalela, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Abalimi baye barhoxa ekulimeni ingqolowa kwaye endaweni yoko batyala ezinye izityalo ezifana nerhasi kunye nerapeseed. Imveliso yengqolowa yaseKenya ibisoloko iphantsi kakhulu. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukubuyiselwa kwembewu eninzi kwabalimi kunye nokuqhambuka kwerhasi yengqolowa rhoqo. Ukongeza, abalimi bakwathi isivuno esiphantsi sibangelwa kukuncipha kokuchuma komhlaba, okubangelwa kukuqeshisa umhlaba okungalindelekanga nokufutshane kakhulu okuthintela utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kwimpilo yomhlaba. Uninzi lwezivumelwano zomhlaba kwiindawo ezikhulisa ingqolowa eKenya zivuselelwa minyaka le.
1.2 Imeko Yokulima Izityalo Kwezoqoqosho
Ikofu, njengesityalo semveli sokuthumela ngaphandle eKenya, inommandla oza kutyalwa umalunga neehektare ezili-110,000 kwiindawo ezingama-33 ezilima ikofu. Abalimi abancinci banegalelo elimalunga nama-70% emveliso iyonke kwaye bangumthombo obalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwasemaphandleni. IKenya ithumele iitoni ezili-123,000 zekofu ecocekileyo kwiManyano yaseYurophu kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, exabisa iibhiliyoni ezingama-90 zeeshilingi zaseKenya, ikakhulu kwiimarike ezifana neBelgium, iJamani, iSweden, neFinland. Ukusukela ngoJulayi 2025, iKenya igqibile ukwenza imaphu yeehektare ezingama-32,688 (malunga nama-30% ewonke) eefama zekofu ukuze ihambelane nemigaqo emitsha ye-EU yokulwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Iti yeyona nto inkulu eKenya ethumela ngaphandle kwezolimo. Indawo yokutyala iti eKenya ibisoloko imalunga neehektare ezingama-200,000 kangangeminyaka emininzi, kwaye ivelisa ngaphezu kweetoni ezizigidi ezingama-2.4 ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza iKenya ibe yeyona ithumela iti emnyama kumazwe angaphandle kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.
Ishishini le-avokhado liphuhlile ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye libe yindawo entsha yokukhula kwiimveliso zemifuno ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwedatha ye-FAO, indawo yokutyala i-avokhado eKenya iyanda rhoqo. Kulindeleke ukuba indawo yokutyala i-avokhado inyuke nge-6% ukuya kwi-34,000 yeehektare ngo-2025.
2. Imeko yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwezibulali-zinambuzane
Ngowama-2023, iKenya yayingenisa ikakhulu izibulali-zinambuzane ezivela eTshayina, eIndiya, eBelgium, eFransi naseJamani, njl. Ngexesha elisusela ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2023, imimandla eyayinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kokungeniswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane eKenya yayiyiTshayina, iBelgium neThailand. Ngowama-2023, iindawo eziphambili zokuthunyelwa kwezibulali-zinambuzane eKenya yayiyi-Ethiopia, i-Uganda, iTanzania, njl.
Ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2022, inani lee-pesticide ezingeniswa eKenya lehla minyaka le. Ngo-2023, bekukho ukwanda okukhulu. Oku bekubangelwa ikakhulu kukuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain yehlabathi okubangelwe kukuqhambuka kobhubhane ngo-2020, okwachaphazeleka kukuhamba kancinci kwezinto kunye nokuvalwa kweechweba. Ubungakanani be-pesticide ezingeniswa eKenya behle kakhulu ngenxa yoko. Ngenxa yokuncipha kobhubhane, imveliso yezityalo (ezifana neti, ikofu, kunye neentyatyambo) eKenya yabuya, kwaye imfuno yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yanda, nto leyo eqhubele phambili ukwanda kwe-pesticide ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imithombo ye-pesticide ezingeniswa eKenya ibisoloko isuka kwiinkampani zemveli zaseYurophu ukuya kubavelisi baseAsia (ingakumbi iTshayina neIndiya), apho iinkampani zabo zokwenza i-pesticide zinokuvelisa i-pesticide eqhelekileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Iqhutywa kukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezolimo, "imarike ephezulu" yokusetyenziswa kwe-pesticide eKenya iye yaguquka ngokwesakhiwo ukuya kwi-pesticide esebenza kakuhle neyinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye ixabiso ngeyunithi nganye yokusetyenziswa kwe-pesticide liye lehla. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho lwasekhaya, ukwehla kwexabiso lemali, kunye nokuvalwa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezinobungozi kakhulu, abalimi abaqhelekileyo eKenya banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezibizayo ezingenisiweyo okanye baguqukela kwezinye iindlela ezingabizi kakhulu (kuquka izibulali zinambuzane zebhayoloji, iimveliso zasekuhlaleni, njl.njl.). Ezi zizathu zikhokelele ekwandeni kobuninzi bezibulali zinambuzane ezingeniswa eKenya ngo-2023, kodwa ixabiso lilonke lokungenisa lihlile.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-08-2026