Ukususela oko yafunyanwa eDjibouti ngo-2012, ingcongconi yaseAsia iAnopheles stephensi iye yasasazeka kulo lonke uphondo lweAfrika. Le vector ihlaselayo iyaqhubeka ukusasazeka kwilizwekazi liphela, ibeka isoyikiso esimandla kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwemalariya. Iindlela zokulawula iVector, kuqukwa neinethi ezifakwe izibulali zinambuzane kunye nokutshiza okushiyekileyo ngaphakathi, ziwunciphise kakhulu umthwalo wemalariya. Noko ke, ukwanda kokuxhaphaka kweengcongconi ezikwaziyo ukumelana namayeza okubulala izinambuzane, kuquka iAnopheles stephensi, kuthintela iinzame eziqhubekayo zokuphelisa isifo seengcongconi. Ukuqonda ubume boluntu, ukuhamba kwemfuza phakathi kwabantu, kunye nokusasazwa kweenguqu zokumelana ne-insecticide kubalulekile ukukhokela izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokulawula i-malaria.
Ukuphucula ukuqonda kwethu ngendlela An. I-stethensi iye yasekwa kakhulu kwi-HOA ibalulekile ukuqikelela ukusasazeka kwayo kwiindawo ezintsha. I-genetics yabemi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukufunda iintlobo ze-vector ukufumana ingqiqo malunga nesakhiwo sabemi, ukhetho oluqhubekayo, kunye nokuhamba kwemfuza18,19. Yeye An. stephensi, ukufunda ubume boluntu kunye nokwakheka kwegenome kunokunceda ukucacisa indlela yokuhlasela kunye naluphi na uguquko oluguquguqukayo olunokuthi lwenzeke okoko kwavela. Ukongeza kwi-gene flow flow, ukhetho lubaluleke kakhulu kuba lunokuchonga i-alleles ehambelana nokuchasana ne-insecticide kwaye ikhanyise indlela ezi alleles zisasazeka ngayo ngabantu20.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuvavanywa kweempawu zokuxhathisa amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nemfuza yabemi kuhlobo oluhlaselayo lweAnopheles stephensi luqingqelwe kwimizila yemfuza embalwa. Ukuvela kweentlobo e-Afrika akuqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa enye ingcamango kukuba yaziswa ngabantu okanye imfuyo. Ezinye iithiyori ziquka ukufuduka komgama omde ngomoya. Izodwa zaseTopiya ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo ziqokelelwe e-Awash Sebat Kilo, idolophu ekwi-200 km empuma ye-Addis Ababa kunye nakwi-corridor yezothutho eziphambili ukusuka e-Addis Ababa ukuya e-Djibouti. I-Awash Sebat Kilo yindawo enosulelo oluphezulu lwesifo seengcongconi kwaye inabemi abaninzi beAnopheles stephensi, ekubikwa ukuba iyakwazi ukumelana namayeza okubulala izinambuzane, nto leyo eyenza ibe yindawo ebalulekileyo yokufunda ngemfuza yabantu baka-Anopheles stephensi8.
Utshintsho lokumelana ne-insecticide kdr L1014F yafunyanwa kwi-frequency ephantsi kubemi base-Ethiopia kwaye ayizange ifunyanwe kwiisampuli zentsimi yaseIndiya. Olu tshintsho lwe-kdr lunika ukuxhathisa kwi-pyrethroids kunye ne-DDT kwaye yafunyanwa ngaphambili kwi-An. I-stephensi yaqokelelwa eIndiya ngo-2016 nase-Afghanistan ngo-2018.31,32 Ngaphandle kobungqina bokuxhathisa kwe-pyrethroid kuzo zombini ezi zixeko, utshintsho lwe-kdr L1014F aluzange lufunyanwe eMangalore nase-Bangalore abemi bahlalutywa apha. Umlinganiselo ophantsi we-ethiopian isolate ethwele le SNP eyayiyi-heterozygous ibonisa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwavela kutshanje kule ndawo. Oku kuxhaswa luphononongo lwangaphambili kwi-Awash olungafumananga bungqina bokuguqulwa kwe-kdr kwiisampulu eziqokelelwe kunyaka ngaphambi kwezo zihlalutywa apha.18 Ngaphambili sichonge le kdr L1014F utshintsho kwi-frequency ephantsi kwiseti yeesampuli ezivela kummandla omnye / ngonyaka usebenzisa indlela yokufumanisa i-amplicon. uxanduva lolu phenotype oluqatshelweyo.
Umda wolu phononongo kukungabikho kwedatha ye-phenotypic kwimpendulo ye-insecticide. Uphononongo olongezelelweyo oludibanisa ulandelelwano lwe-genome epheleleyo (WGS) okanye ulandelelwano lwe-amplicon ekujoliswe kulo ngokudityaniswa novavanyo lwebhayoloji luyafuneka ukuphanda impembelelo yolu tshintsho kwimpendulo yesibulali zinambuzane. Ezi noveli ze-Missense SNP ezinokudityaniswa nokuchasana kufuneka zijoliswe kwiimvavanyo eziphezulu ze-molecular ukuxhasa ukubeka iliso kunye nokuququzelela umsebenzi osebenzayo ukuqonda nokuqinisekisa iindlela ezinokubakho ezinxulumene ne-phenotypes yokumelana.
Ngamafutshane, olu phononongo lubonelela ngokuqonda okunzulu malunga nofuzo lwengcongconi ye-Anopheles kumazwekazi onke. Ukusetyenziswa kohlahlelo lwe-whole genome sequencing (WGS) kumaqela amakhulu eisampulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi kuya kuba ngundoqo ekuqondeni ukuhamba kofuzo kunye nokuchonga iimpawu zokuxhathisa amayeza ezinambuzane. Olu lwazi luya kwenza ukuba iziphathamandla zempilo yoluntu zikwazi ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi malunga nokucupha iintsholongwane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane.
Sisebenzise iindlela ezimbini zokubona ukwahluka kwamanani ekopi kule dataset. Okokuqala, sasebenzisa indlela esekelwe kwi-coverage ejolise ekuchongeni i-CYP gene clusters kwi-genome (i-Supplementary Table S5). Isampulu yokhuselo yalinganiswa kuzo zonke iindawo zokuqokelela kwaye yahlulahlulwe yangamaqela amane: i-Ethiopia, amasimi aseIndiya, iikoloni zaseIndiya, kunye neekoloni zasePakistan. Ukhuselo lweqela ngalinye lwaluqhelekile kusetyenziswa i-kernel smoothing kwaye emva koko yacwangciswa ngokobunzulu be-median genome coverage yelo qela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-23-2025