Ukumelana nemichiza

Ukumelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kubhekiselele kwisakhono esizuzwe njengelifa sohlobo lwebhayoloji yokhula ukuze usinde kugalelwa imichiza apho abantu bokuqala babechaphazeleka khona.I-biotype liqela lezityalo phakathi kohlobo oluneempawu zebhayoloji (ezifana nokuxhathisa umchiza othile wokutshabalalisa ukhula) ezingaxhaphakanga kubemi bebonke.Ukumelana nemichiza yokhula kunokuba yingxaki enkulu ejongene nabalimi baseNorth Carolina.Ehlabathini lonke, ngaphezu kwe-100 yeentlobo zebhayoloji zokhula ezaziwa ngokuxhathisa kwisibulali-zinambuzane esinye okanye ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.ENorth Carolina, okwangoku sine-biotype ye-goosegrass ekwaziyo ukumelana nemichiza ye-dinitroaniline (i-Prowl, i-Sonalan, ne-Treflan), i-biotype ye-cocklebur ekwazi ukumelana ne-MSMA kunye ne-DSMA, kunye ne-biotype ye-ryegrass yonyaka ekwazi ukumelana ne-Hoelon.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bekukho inkxalabo encinci malunga nophuhliso lokumelana nemichiza eNorth Carolina.Nangona sineentlobo ezintathu ezineentlobo zebhayoloji ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemichiza ethile yokutshabalalisa ukhula, ukwenzeka kwezi ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana kwacaciswa ngokulula ngokukhula kwezityalo kulimo olunye.Abalimi ababejikelezisa izityalo babengenasizathu sakuxhalaba ngokuxhathisa.Imeko, nangona kunjalo, itshintshile kule minyaka yakutsha nje ngenxa yophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula enendlela efanayo yokusebenza.Indlela yokusebenza ibhekisa kwinkqubo ethile apho umchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula ubulala isityalo esichaphazeleka lula.

Namhlanje, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula enendlela efanayo yokusebenza inokusetyenziswa kwizityalo ezininzi ezinokulinywa ngokujikeleziswa.Eyona nto ixhalabisayo zezo zibulala ukhula zithintela inkqubo ye-enzyme ye-ALS.Uninzi lwamachiza ethu asetyenziswa rhoqo zii-ALS inhibitors.Ukongeza, uninzi lwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ekulindeleke ukuba ibhaliswe kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 ezayo zizithinteli ze-ALS.Njengeqela, ii-ALS inhibitors zinenani leempawu ezibonakala zizenza zithande ukukhula kokuxhathisa izityalo.Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula isetyenziswa kwimveliso yezityalo kuba nje isebenza kakuhle okanye inoqoqosho olungaphezulu kunezinye iindlela zokutshabalalisa ukhula.Ukuba ukuchasana nomchiza othile wokutshabalalisa ukhula okanye usapho lwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kuyavela, eminye imichiza efanelekileyo yokutshabalalisa ukhula isenokungabikho.Umzekelo, okwangoku ayikho enye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula yokulawula i-ryegrass ekwaziyo ukumelana neHoelon.Kungoko, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kufuneka ijongwe njengemithombo yokhuseleko.Kufuneka sisebenzise imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngendlela ethintela ukukhula kokuxhathisa.Ukuqonda ukuba kuvela njani ukuxhathisa kubalulekile ukuze uqonde indlela yokuphepha ukuxhathisa.Kukho izinto ezimbini ezifunekayo ukuze kuvele ukuxhathisa imichiza yokhula.Okokuqala, ukhula ngalunye olunemizila yemfuza ebangela ukuxhathisa kufuneka lubekho kubemi bomthonyama.Okwesibini, uxinzelelo lokukhetha olubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakhulu komchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula apho aba bantu banqabileyo benganyangekiyo kufuneka lwenziwe kubemi.Abantu abaxhathisayo, ukuba bakhona, benza ipesenti esezantsi kakhulu yabantu bebonke.Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abaxhathisayo bakhona kwiifrikhwensi ukusuka kwi-1 kwi-100,000 ukuya kwi-1 kwi-100 yezigidi.Ukuba imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula efanayo okanye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngendlela efanayo isetyenziswa rhoqo, abantu abasesichengeni bayabulawa kodwa abo baxhathisayo abenzakaliswa kwaye bavelise imbewu.Ukuba uxinzelelo lokhetho luyaqhubeka kwizizukulwana ezininzi, uhlobo lwebhayoloji oluxhathisayo ekugqibeleni luya kwenza ipesenti ephezulu yabemi.Ngelo xesha, ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula okwamkelekileyo akusayi kuphinda kufumaneke ngemichiza ethile yokutshabalalisa ukhula okanye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula.Elona candelo libalulekileyo lesicwangciso-qhinga sokulawula ukuthintela ukukhula kokunganyangeki kwemichiza kukujikeleziswa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.Musa ukusebenzisa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kudidi olunomngcipheko omkhulu kwiTheyibhile 15 ukuya kwizityalo ezibini ezilandelelanayo.Kwangokunjalo, musa ukwenza ngaphezulu kwesibini sokugalela kwezi zibulali zityalo zisemngciphekweni omkhulu kwisityalo esinye.Musa ukusebenzisa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kwicandelo lomngcipheko ophakathi kwizityalo ezingaphezu kwesibini zilandelelana.Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kudidi olunomngcipheko omncinci kufuneka ikhethwe xa iza kulawula ukuntsonkotha kokhula olukhoyo.Imixube yeetanki okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokulandelelana kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kudla ngokuchazwa njengenxalenye yeqhinga lolawulo lokuxhathisa.Ukuba amacandelo omxube wetanki okanye izicelo ezilandelelanayo zikhethwe ngobulumko, esi sicwangciso sinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekubambezelekeni kokuziphendulela kokumelana.Ngelishwa, uninzi lweemfuno zomxube wetanki okanye izicelo ezilandelelanayo ukunqanda ukuxhathisa azihlangabezwana nemixube esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ukuze isebenze kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukuvela kokuchasana, zombini imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula esetyenziswa ngokulandelelanayo okanye kwimixube yetanki kufuneka ibenomthamo ofanayo wolawulo kwaye kufuneka ibe nokuzingisa okufanayo.Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, hlanganisa iindlela zokulawula ukhula olungenamichiza olufana nokulima kwinkqubo yokulawula ukhula.Gcina iirekhodi ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokhula kwindawo nganye ukulungiselela ikamva.Ukubona ukhula olukwaziyo ukutshabalalisa ukhula.Uninzi lokusilela ekutshatyalalisweni kokhula alubangelwa kukunganyangeki kwemichiza yokhula.Phambi kokuba ucinge ukuba ukhula olusindileyo kugalelwa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula luyaxhathisa, susa zonke ezinye izinto ezinokuba ngunobangela wolawulo olulambathayo.Izinto ezinokubangela ukusilela ekutshatyalalisweni kokhula ziquka izinto ezinjengokusetyenziswa gwenxa (ezifana nesantya esingafanelekanga, ukugqunywa kakubi, ukufakwa kakubi, okanye ukungabikho kwe-adjuvant);iimeko zemozulu ezingentle kumsebenzi olungileyo wokutshabalalisa ukhula;ixesha elingafanelekanga lokufakwa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula (ingakumbi, ukusebenzisa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula emva kokuvela emva kokuba ukhula lukhulu kakhulu ukuba lungalawulwa kakuhle);kunye nokhula oluvela emva kokufakwa komchiza oshiyekileyo omfutshane.

Nje ukuba zonke ezinye izizathu ezinokuthi zibe nolawulo olulambathayo ziphelisiwe, oku kulandelayo kunokubonisa ubukho bohlobo lwebhayoloji oluxhathisa imichiza:

(1) zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezidla ngokulawulwa ngumchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula ngaphandle kwesinye zilawulwa kakuhle;

(2) izityalo ezisempilweni zolo didi kuthethwa ngalo luxutywa phakathi kwezityalo zolo didi lwabulawayo;

(3) uhlobo olungalawulwayo ludla ngokuchaphazeleka kakhulu kumchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula ekuthethwa ngawo;

(4) intsimi inembali yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweyeza lokutshabalalisa ukhula ekuthethwa ngalo okanye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngendlela efanayo.Ukuba kukrokrelwa ukuxhathisa, yeka ngoko nangoko ukusebenzisa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ekuthethwa ngayo kunye neminye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngendlela efanayo.Qhagamshelana ne-arhente yeNkonzo yoLwandiso lwengingqi kunye nommeli wenkampani yemichiza ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ngeendlela zokulawula ezizezinye.Landela inkqubo engqingqwa exhomekeke kwimichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokusebenza kunye nezenzo zokulawula ukhula olungenamichiza ukunciphisa imveliso yembewu yokhula kangangoko.Kuphephe ukusasaza imbewu yokhula kwamanye amasimi.Cwangcisa inkqubo yakho yokulawula ukhula ngononophelo lwezityalo ezilandelayo.