Iinethi zomngundo ezinyangwa izibulala-zinambuzane (ii-ILN) ezihlala ixesha elide zisetyenziswa njengesithintelo somzimba ukuthintela ukosuleleka yimalariya. Kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara, enye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokunciphisa ukwanda kwemalariya kukusetyenziswa kwee-ILN. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwee-ILN e-Ethiopia lulinganiselwe. Ke ngoko, olu phononongo lujolise ekuvavanyeni ukusetyenziswa kwee-ILN kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nazo phakathi kweentsapho kwiSithili saseWest Arsi, kwiSithili sase-Oromia, eMzantsi Ethiopia ngo-2023. Uphando olusekelwe kubemi lwenziwe kwiSithili saseWest Arsi ukususela nge-1 ukuya kwi-30 kaMeyi 2023 kunye nesampulu yeentsapho ezingama-2808. Idatha yaqokelelwa kwimizi kusetyenziswa iphepha lemibuzo elicwangcisiweyo elilawulwa ngumntu obuza imibuzo. Idatha yajongwa, yabhalwa ikhowudi yaza yafakwa kwinguqulelo yesi-7 ye-Epiinfo yaza yacocwa yaza yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa inguqulelo ye-SPSS 25. Uhlalutyo oluchazayo lwasetyenziswa ukubonisa amaza, iinxalenye kunye neegrafu. Uhlalutyo lohlengahlengiso lwe-binary logistic lwabalwa kwaye iinguqu ezinexabiso le-p ezingaphantsi kwe-0.25 zakhethwa ukuba zifakwe kwimodeli ye-multivariate. Imodeli yokugqibela itolikwe kusetyenziswa imilinganiselo ye-odds elungisiweyo (i-95% yokuzithemba, ixabiso le-p elingaphantsi kwe-0.05) ukubonisa unxulumano lwezibalo phakathi kwesiphumo kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezizimeleyo. Malunga neentsapho ezingama-2389 (86.2%) zineenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide ezinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokulala. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide yayiyi-69.9% (95% CI 68.1–71.8). Ukusetyenziswa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kwakunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokuba yintloko yekhaya engumfazi (AOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33–4.15), inani lamagumbi ahlukeneyo endlwini (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.23–2.29), ixesha lokutshintshwa kwenethi yokubulala izinambuzane ehlala ixesha elide (AOR 2.81; 95% CI 2.18–5.35), kunye nolwazi lwabaphenduli (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 2.48–6.97). Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide phakathi kwamakhaya ase-Ethiopia bekuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho wesizwe (≥ 85). Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba izinto ezifana nentloko yekhaya engumfazi, inani lamagumbi ahlukeneyo endlwini, ixesha lokutshintshwa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nenqanaba lolwazi lwabaphenduli yayizizinto ezixela kwangaphambili ukusetyenziswa kwe-LLIN ngamalungu endlu. Ke ngoko, ukuze kwandiswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-LLIN, i-Ofisi yezeMpilo yeSithili saseWest Alsi kunye nabachaphazelekayo kufuneka banike ulwazi olufanelekileyo kuluntu kwaye baqinise ukusetyenziswa kwe-LLIN kwinqanaba lekhaya.
I-Malariya yingxaki enkulu yempilo yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye sisifo esosulelayo esibangela ukugula nokufa okukhulu. Esi sifo sibangelwa yi-protozoan parasite yohlobo lwePlasmodium, edluliselwa ngokulunywa ziingcongconi ze-Anopheles ezingamabhinqa1,2. Phantse abantu abayi-3.3 yeebhiliyoni basengozini ye-malariya, kwaye umngcipheko uphezulu kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara (SSA)3. Ingxelo ye-World Health Organisation (WHO) ka-2023 ibonisa ukuba isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi sisengozini ye-malariya, apho kuqikelelwa ukuba zizigidi ezingama-233 zeemeko ze-malariya ezibikwe kumazwe angama-29, apho abantu abamalunga nama-580,000 bafa, apho abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo bebona bachaphazeleka kakhulu3,4.
Izifundo zangaphambili e-Ethiopia zibonise ukuba izinto ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwenethi yeengcongconi ixesha elide ziquka ulwazi malunga neendlela zokusasazwa kwe-malaria, ulwazi olunikezelwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo (ii-HEW), amaphulo eendaba, imfundo kwizibonelelo zempilo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokungonwabi komzimba xa ulele phantsi kwenethi zeengcongconi ixesha elide, ukungakwazi ukuxhoma inethi zeengcongconi ezikhoyo ixesha elide, izibonelelo ezingonelanga zokuxhoma inethi zeengcongconi, ukungenelela okungekho mfuneko kwemfundo, ukungabikho kwezixhobo zenethi yeengcongconi, iingozi ze-malaria, kunye nokungazi kakuhle iingenelo zenethi zeengcongconi. 17,20,21 Izifundo zikwabonise ukuba ezinye iimpawu, kubandakanya ubungakanani bendlu, ubudala, imbali yokwenzakala, ubungakanani, imilo, umbala, kunye nenani leendawo zokulala, zinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwenethi yeengcongconi ixesha elide. 5,17,18,22 Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo azifumananga nxu lumano lubalulekileyo phakathi kobutyebi bendlu kunye nobude bokusetyenziswa kwenethi yeengcongconi3,23.
Iinethi zeengcongconi ezihlala ixesha elide, ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibekwe kwiindawo zokulala, zifunyenwe zisetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye uphando oluninzi kumazwe ahlala i-malaria luye lwaqinisekisa ixabiso lazo ekunciphiseni ukudibana kwabantu ne-malaria vectors kunye nezinye izifo ezithwalwa yi-vectors7,19,23. Kwiindawo ezihlala i-malaria, ukusasazwa kweenethi zeengcongconi ezihlala ixesha elide kuye kwabonakala kunciphisa ukwanda kwe-malaria, izifo eziqatha, kunye nokufa okunxulumene ne-malaria. Iinethi zeengcongconi eziphathwe ngezibulali-zinambuzane ziye zabonakala kunciphisa ukwanda kwe-malaria ngama-48–50%. Ukuba zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezi nethi zinokuthintela i-7% yokufa kwabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu kwihlabathi liphela24 kwaye zinxulunyaniswa nokunciphisa okukhulu umngcipheko wokuzalwa okuncinci kunye nokulahlekelwa sibeleko25.
Akucaci ukuba abantu bayazi kangakanani na ngokusetyenziswa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nokuba bazithenga kangakanani na. Izimvo kunye namahemuhemu malunga nokungaxhomi iinethi kwaphela, ukuzixhoma ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye kwindawo engafanelekanga, kunye nokungabekeli phambili abantwana kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka baphandwe ngononophelo. Omnye umngeni kukuqonda koluntu ngendima yeenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide ekuthinteleni imalariya. 23 Ukuxhaphaka kweMalariya kuphezulu kwiindawo ezisezantsi zeWest Arsi County, kwaye idatha malunga nokusetyenziswa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kumakhaya nakuluntu inqabile. Ke ngoko, injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuvavanya ukuxhaphaka kokusetyenziswa kwenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko phakathi kwamakhaya kwiWest Arsi County, kwiOromia Region, kumzantsi-ntshona we-Ethiopia.
Uphando olusekelwe kuluntu luye lwenziwa ukususela nge-1 ukuya kwi-30 kaMeyi 2023 kwiWest Arsi County. IWest Arsi County ikwiNgingqi yaseOromia emazantsi e-Ethiopia, kwiikhilomitha ezingama-250 ukusuka eAddis Ababa. Abemi balo mmandla yi-2,926,749, equka amadoda ayi-1,434,107 kunye nabasetyhini abayi-1,492,642. KwiWest Arsi County, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abayi-963,102 kwizithili ezintandathu nakwidolophu enye bahlala emngciphekweni omkhulu wemalariya; nangona kunjalo, izithili ezisithoba azinamalariya. IWest Arsi County ineelali ezingama-352, apho ezili-136 zichaphazelekile yimalariya. Kwizithili zempilo ezingama-356, ezili-143 ziindawo zokulawula imalariya kwaye kukho amaziko ezempilo angama-85, angama-32 kuzo akwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo yimalariya. Izibhedlele ezintathu kwezihlanu zinyanga izigulane zemalariya. Le ndawo inemilambo kunye neendawo zokunkcenkceshela ezifanelekileyo zokuzalela iingcongconi. Ngowama-2021, kwasasazwa izibulali-zinambuzane ezingama-312,224 ezihlala ixesha elide kulo mmandla ukuze kuphendulwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iqela lesibini lezibulali-zinambuzane ezingama-150,949 ezihlala ixesha elide lasasazwa ngo-2022-26.
Abemi bokuqala bathathwa njengamakhaya onke akwingingqi yaseWest Alsi kunye nalawo ahlala kuloo mmandla ngexesha lophando.
Abemi abaphononongiweyo bakhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga kuzo zonke iintsapho ezifanelekileyo kummandla weWest Alsi, kunye nabo bahlala kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu wemalariya ngexesha lophando.
Zonke iintsapho ezikwiilali ezikhethiweyo zaseWest Alsi County nezihlala kwindawo yophando ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu zibandakanyiwe kolu phando.
Imizi engazange ifumane ii-LLIN ngexesha lokusasazwa kunye naleyo ingakwaziyo ukuphendula ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuva nokuthetha ayifakwanga kolu phando.
Ubungakanani besampulu yenjongo yesibini yezinto ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-LLIN bubalwa ngokusekelwe kwifomula yenani labemi kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-Epi info version 7 yezibalo. Ukuba sicinga ukuba i-95% CI, amandla angama-80% kunye nezinga lesiphumo lama-61.1% kwiqela elingachazwanga, ingcamango ithathwe kuphononongo olwenziwe embindini weIndiya13 kusetyenziswa iintloko zekhaya ezingafundanga njengenguquko yento, ene-OR ye-1.25. Sisebenzisa iingcamango ezingentla kunye nokuthelekisa izinto eziguquguqukayo namanani amakhulu, inguqu "yentloko yekhaya engenamfundo" iqwalaselwe ekumiselweni kobukhulu besampulu yokugqibela, njengoko inike ubungakanani obukhulu besampulu yabantu abangama-2808.
Ubungakanani besampulu babiwa ngokulinganayo nenani lemizi kwilali nganye kwaye imizi engama-2808 yakhethwa kwiilali ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa indlela elula yokuthatha isampuli ngokungacwangciswanga. Inani lilonke lemizi kwilali nganye lafunyanwa kwiVillage Health Information System (CHIS). Usapho lokuqala lwakhethwa ngelotho. Ukuba ikhaya lomthathi-nxaxheba kolu phando lalivaliwe ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwedatha, ubuninzi bodliwanondlebe olulandelelanayo lwenziwa kabini kwaye oku kwathathwa njengokungaphenduli.
Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezizimeleyo zaziziimpawu zezentlalo (ubudala, imeko yomtshato, unqulo, imfundo, umsebenzi, ubungakanani bosapho, indawo yokuhlala, uhlanga kunye nomvuzo wenyanga), inqanaba lolwazi kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane.
Amakhaya abuzwe imibuzo elishumi elinesithathu malunga nolwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide. Impendulo echanekileyo inikwe inqaku eli-1, kwaye impendulo engalunganga inikwe amanqaku ali-0. Emva kokushwankathela amanqaku omthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye, kwabalwa amanqaku aphakathi, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba abanamanqaku angaphezu komndilili bathathwa njengabanolwazi "olulungileyo" kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba abanamanqaku angaphantsi komndilili bathathwa njengabanolwazi "olubi" malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide.
Idatha iqokelelwe kusetyenziswa imibuzo ecwangcisiweyo elawulwa ubuso ngobuso ngumntu odlan’ udliwanondlebe yaza yahlengahlengiswa kwiincwadi ezahlukeneyo2,3,7,19. Olu phononongo luquke iimpawu zentlalo-nezoluntu, iimpawu zokusingqongileyo kunye nolwazi lwabathathi-nxaxheba malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-ISIS. Idatha iqokelelwe kubantu abangama-28 kwindawo enabantu abaninzi abanemalariya, ngaphandle kweendawo zabo zokuqokelela idatha kwaye ijongwa imihla ngemihla ziingcali zemalariya ezisi-7 ezivela kwizibonelelo zempilo.
Iphepha lemibuzo lilungiswe ngesiNgesi laza laguqulelwa kulwimi lwasekuhlaleni (i-Afan Oromo) laza laguqulelwa kwakhona kwisiNgesi ukujonga ukuhambelana. Iphepha lemibuzo livavanywe kwangaphambili kwi-5% yesampulu (135) ngaphandle kwesikhungo sempilo sophando. Emva kovavanyo lwangaphambi kovavanyo, iphepha lemibuzo liguqulwe ukuze kucaciswe ukuba kunokwenzeka kwaye kube lula kangakanani na ukubhala amagama. Ukucocwa kwedatha, ukugqibelela, ububanzi kunye nokuhlolwa kwengqiqo kwenziwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wedatha ngaphambi kokufakwa kwedatha. Emva kokujonga nomphathi, yonke idatha engaphelelanga nengangqinelaniyo ayifakwanga kwidatha. Abaqokeleli bedatha kunye nabaphathi bafumene uqeqesho losuku olunye malunga nendlela kunye nolwazi ekufuneka luqokelelwe. Umphandi ujonge abaqokeleli bedatha kunye nabaphathi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wedatha ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwedatha.
Idatha ihlolwe ukuchaneka kunye nokuhambelana, emva koko yabhalwa ikhowudi yaza yafakwa kwi-Epi-info version 7, yaza yacocwa yaza yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa i-SPSS version 25. Izibalo ezichazayo ezifana neefrequencies, ii-proportions, kunye neegrafu zisetyenzisiwe ukubonisa iziphumo. Uhlalutyo lwe-bivariate binary logistic regression lubalwe, kwaye ii-covariates ezine-p values ezingaphantsi kwe-0.25 kwi-bivariate model zikhethwe ukuba zifakwe kwi-multivariate model. Imodeli yokugqibela itolikwe kusetyenziswa i-adjusted odds ratios, i-95% confidence intervals, kunye ne-p values < 0.05 ukumisela unxibelelwano phakathi kwesiphumo kunye nee-variables ezizimeleyo. I-Multicollinearity ivavanyiwe kusetyenziswa i-standard error (SE), eyayingaphantsi kwe-2 kolu phononongo. Uvavanyo lwe-Hosmer kunye ne-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit lusetyenzisiwe ukuvavanya i-model fit, kwaye ixabiso le-p lovavanyo lwe-Hosmer kunye ne-Lemeshow kolu phononongo yayiyi-0.746.
Ngaphambi kokuqhuba uphando, imvume yokuziphatha yafunyanwa kwiKomiti yeBhodi yezeMpilo yeWest Elsea County ngokweSibhengezo saseHelsinki. Emva kokuchaza injongo yophando, kwafunyanwa iileta zemvume ezisemthethweni ezivela kwiiofisi zezempilo zesithili nezesixeko ezikhethiweyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bophando baziswa ngenjongo yophando, ubumfihlo, kunye nobumfihlo. Imvume yomlomo yafunyanwa kubathathi-nxaxheba bophando ngaphambi kwenkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha. Amagama abaphenduli awazange abhalwe phantsi, kodwa umphenduli ngamnye wabelwa ikhowudi yokugcina ubumfihlo.
Phakathi kwabaphenduli, uninzi (2738, 98.8%) beluvile ngokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngokuphathelele umthombo wolwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide, uninzi lwabaphenduli abangama-2202 (71.1%) balufumene kubaboneleli babo bezempilo. Phantse bonke abaphenduli abangama-2735 (99.9%) babesazi ukuba izibulali-zinambuzane ezikrazukileyo ezihlala ixesha elide zinokulungiswa. Phantse bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-2614 (95.5%) babesazi ngezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide njengoko zinokuthintela imalariya. Uninzi lweentsapho ezingama-2529 (91.5%) zazinolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide. Amanqaku aphakathi olwazi lwasekhaya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide yayiyi-7.77 kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-± 0.91 (Itheyibhile 2).
Kuhlalutyo lwe-bivariate lwezinto ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwenethi yeengcongconi ixesha elide, izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nesini somphenduli, indawo yokuhlala, ubungakanani bosapho, imeko yemfundo, imeko yomtshato, indawo yomphenduli, inani lamagumbi ahlukeneyo endlwini, ulwazi lwenethi zeengcongconi ezihlala ixesha elide, indawo yokuthenga inethi zeengcongconi ezihlala ixesha elide, ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwenethi yeengcongconi ixesha elide, kunye nenani leenethi zeengcongconi endlwini zidibene nokusetyenziswa kwenethi yeengcongconi ixesha elide. Emva kokulungisa izinto ezididayo, zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinexabiso le-p <0.25 kuhlalutyo lwe-bivariate zibandakanyiwe kuhlalutyo lwe-multivariate logistic regression.
Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nazo kumakhaya aseWest Arsi County, e-Ethiopia. Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba izinto ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide ziquka isini sabasetyhini sabaphenduli, inani lamagumbi ahlukeneyo endlwini, ubude bexesha elifunekayo ukutshintsha inethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye nenqanaba lolwazi lwabaphenduli, ezazinxulumene kakhulu nokusetyenziswa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide.
Oku kungangqinelani kusenokuba kubangelwa kukungafani kobungakanani beesampuli, inani labantu abaphandwayo, indawo yophando lwengingqi, kunye nemeko yezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Okwangoku, e-Ethiopia, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo uphumeza amanyathelo amaninzi okunciphisa umthwalo wemalariya ngokuhlanganisa amanyathelo okuthintela imalariya kwiinkqubo zokhathalelo lwempilo oluphambili, olunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukugula nokufa okunxulumene nemalariya.
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonise ukuba iintloko zamakhaya ezibhinqileyo zisenokuba namathuba amaninzi okusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nezamadoda. Olu phando luhambelana nezifundo ezenziwe e-Ilugalan County5, eRaya Alamata Region33 nase-Arbaminchi Town34, e-Ethiopia, ezibonise ukuba abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kunamadoda. Oku kusenokuba ngumphumo wesithethe senkcubeko kuluntu lwase-Ethiopia esixabisa abafazi ngaphezu kwamadoda, kwaye xa abafazi beba ziintloko zamakhaya, amadoda aphantsi koxinzelelo oluncinci lokugqiba ukusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide ngokwawo. Ngaphezu koko, olu phononongo lwenziwe kwindawo yasemaphandleni, apho imikhuba yenkcubeko kunye nezenzo zoluntu zinokuhlonipha ngakumbi abafazi abakhulelweyo kwaye zibanike indawo ephambili ekusebenziseni izibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide ukuthintela ukosuleleka yi-malaria.
Olunye uphononongo olufunyenweyo lubonise ukuba inani lamagumbi ahlukeneyo kumakhaya abathathi-nxaxheba linxulumene kakhulu nokusetyenziswa kweenethi zomngxunya ezihlala ixesha elide. Olu phando luqinisekiswe zizifundo ezikwi-East Belessa7, Garan5, Adama21 kunye neBahir Dar20 counties. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuba amakhaya anamagumbi ambalwa ahlukeneyo endlwini anamathuba amaninzi okusebenzisa inethi zomngxunya ezihlala ixesha elide, ngelixa amakhaya anamagumbi amaninzi ahlukeneyo endlwini kunye namalungu osapho amaninzi anamathuba amaninzi okusebenzisa inethi zomngxunya ezihlala ixesha elide, nto leyo enokubangela ukunqongophala kweenethi zomngxunya kuzo zonke amagumbi ahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokutshintshwa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide lalinxulumene kakhulu nokusetyenziswa kweenethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide emakhaya. Abantu abatshintshele inethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo babenethuba elikhulu lokusebenzisa inethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kunabo batshintshelwe ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo. Olu phando luhambelana nophando olwenziwe kwidolophu yase-Arbaminchi, e-Ethiopia34 nakumntla-ntshona we-Ethiopia20. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba amakhaya anethuba lokuthenga inethi ezintsha zokubulala izinambuzane ukuze atshintshe ezindala anethuba elikhulu lokusebenzisa inethi zokubulala izinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide phakathi kwamalungu endlu, anokuziva anelisekile kwaye ekhuthazekile ukusebenzisa inethi ezintsha zokuthintela i-malaria.
Olunye uphononongo olufunyenweyo lubonise ukuba amakhaya anolwazi olwaneleyo malunga nezibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide ayenamathuba aphindwe kane okusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa namakhaya anolwazi oluphantsi. Olu phando lukwahambelana nophando olwenziwe eHawassa nakumzantsi-ntshona we-Ethiopia18,22. Oku kunokuchazwa yinto yokuba njengoko ulwazi lwamakhaya kunye nolwazi malunga neendlela zokuthintela usulelo, izinto ezinobungozi, ubukhali kunye namanyathelo okuthintela isifo somntu ngamnye lusanda, amathuba okusebenzisa amanyathelo okuthintela ayanda. Ngaphezu koko, ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nokuqonda okulungileyo ngeendlela zokuthintela i-malaria kukhuthaza ukuziqhelanisa nokusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, amanyathelo okutshintsha ukuziphatha ajolise ekukhuthazeni ukunamathela kwiinkqubo zokuthintela i-malaria phakathi kwamalungu osapho ngokubeka phambili izinto zentlalo nenkcubeko kunye nemfundo yoluntu.
Olu phononongo lusebenzise uyilo olunqamlezileyo kwaye ubudlelwane obubangelayo abuboniswanga. Ucalucalulo lokukhumbula kusenokwenzeka ukuba lwenzekile. Ukuqwalaselwa kweenethi zokulala kuqinisekisa ukuba ingxelo yezinye iziphumo zophando (umz., ukusetyenziswa kweenethi zokulala ebusuku bangaphambili, ukuhlanjwa rhoqo kweenethi zokulala, kunye nomvuzo ophakathi) kusekelwe kwiingxelo zabantu abazijonga ngokwabo, ezixhomekeke ekukhetheni impendulo.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweenethi eziphathwa ngezinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kumakhaya bekuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho wesizwe wase-Ethiopia (≥ 85). Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweenethi eziphathwa ngezinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kuchaphazeleke kakhulu kukuba intloko yekhaya yayingumfazi, ukuba zingaphi amagumbi azimeleyo endlwini, ukuba kwathatha ixesha elingakanani ukutshintsha inethi ephathwa ngezinambuzane ehlala ixesha elide, kunye nokuba abaphenduli babenolwazi olungakanani. Ke ngoko, i-West Arsi County Health Authority kunye nabachaphazelekayo kufuneka basebenzele ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweenethi eziphathwa ngezinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kwinqanaba lekhaya ngokusasazwa kolwazi kunye noqeqesho olufanelekileyo, kunye nonxibelelwano oluqhubekayo lokutshintsha ukuziphatha ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweenethi eziphathwa ngezinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide. Ukuqinisa uqeqesho lwabavolontiya, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neenkokheli zonqulo malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kweenethi eziphathwa ngezinambuzane ezihlala ixesha elide kwinqanaba lekhaya.
Lonke ulwazi olufunyenweyo kunye/okanye oluhlalutyiweyo ngexesha lophando lufumaneka kumbhali ohambelanayo xa kucelwe ngokusengqiqweni.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-07-2025