Isishwankathelo se-IndonesianImarike yezibulali-zinambuzane
I-Indonesia lilizwe lezolimo elinempembelelo enkulu kwihlabathi liphela, elinesiseko esiqinileyoimboni yezolimokunye neenzuzo ezibalaseleyo zemveliso. Okwangoku, i-Indonesia yeyona mveliso inkulu yehlabathi yeoli yesundu, umvelisi wesine ngobukhulu ngerayisi, umvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu ngerabha, kunye nomvelisi omkhulu we-clove. Imveliso yezityalo ezininzi eziphambili iphakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi.
Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani bokulima izityalo eziphambili, ulwakhiwo kunye nomthamo wezityalo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho nezokutya e-Indonesia zichazwe kakuhle kwaye zibalulekile. Phakathi kwazo, iindawo zokutyala izityalo ezimbini eziphambili, irayisi kunye nesundu, zombini zidlule kwi-10 yezigidi zeehektare, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe ziintsika eziphambili zezolimo zase-Indonesia.
Ngowama-2024, indawo yokutyala ikhokhonathi e-Indonesia yadlula ngokusesikweni indawo yasePhilippines, ibekwa kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi liphela. Iindawo zokutyala irabha nombona nazo zadlula izigidi ezi-2 zeehektare. Iindawo zokutyala ikhokho, ikofu, neziqhamo nemifuno zonke zadlula izigidi ezi-1 zeehektare.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba indawo yokutyala i-clove yase-Indonesia yi-500,000 yeehektare kuphela, kodwa ithatha i-80% yemveliso yehlabathi, kwaye inzuzo yokuba ne-monopoly kweli shishini ibaluleke kakhulu.
Lilonke, indawo iyonke yomhlaba wezolimo e-Indonesia yi-55 yezigidi zeehektare, kwaye inani labantu ababandakanyeka kwezolimo limalunga ne-30% yabemi belizwe liphela. Ubungakanani bomhlaba kunye nogcino lwabasebenzi luxhasa inkqubo enkulu yeshishini lezolimo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-Indonesia ikwiindawo ezishushu, enemozulu eshushu nenemvula unyaka wonke ngaphandle kwamaxesha onyaka ahlukeneyo. Izityalo zikhula rhoqo unyaka wonke, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokulima izityalo eziluhlaza ukuze kwenziwe ulimo unyaka wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhaphaka kokuhlasela kwezinambuzane nezifo kunye nokukhula kokhula kuphezulu, nto leyo eyenza imfuno yasekuhlaleni yezibulali-zinambuzane ibe neempawu eziphambili zokuba zihlale ziqinile unyaka wonke.
Xa sijonga imakethi yezinambuzane zehlabathi, umthamo wokusetyenziswa kwe-Indonesia uphakathi kwezona ziphezulu. Ilizwe elisebenzisa kakhulu izibulali-zinambuzane kwihlabathi liphela yiBrazil, enesidingo esikhulu ngenxa yoshishino lwayo olukhulu lokulima iimbotyi zesoya eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza.
Ngenxa yeemeko zayo ezilungileyo zokutyala ezolimo, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane e-Indonesia minyaka le kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-300,000, oku kukwindawo yesithathu kwihlabathi liphela. Phakathi kwedatha ephambili, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane e-Indonesia kuphezulu njenge-6.68, okukwinqanaba eliphezulu phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu ezolimo kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kukwabubungqina obubalulekileyo obubonisa amandla amakhulu kunye nemfuno enamandla kwimarike yezibulali zinambuzane e-Indonesia.
Phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ngonyaka ezimalunga neetoni ezingama-300,000, ulwakhiwo lwazo lwahlukile kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokukhula okugqithisileyo kokhula okubangelwa yimozulu yetropiki, amayeza okubulala ukhula abe yeyona nto ifunwa kakhulu, ebanga i-45% yokusetyenziswa kwayo yonke. Phakathi kwazo, iimveliso ezimbini eziphambili, i-glyphosate kunye ne-paraquat, zinenani elikhulu. Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwezi zimbini kwenza i-40% yokusetyenziswa kwayo yonke inkunkuma yezinambuzane kweli lizwe, malunga neetoni ezili-120,000. I-50% eseleyo okanye ngaphezulu kwesabelo ihlalwa ngamayeza okubulala ukhula kunye ne-fungicides, asetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zoqoqosho ezifana nerayisi, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Ezi zityalo zinenani elikhulu lezinambuzane nezifo, kwaye kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yamayeza okubulala ukhula kunye ne-fungicides.
Ngokwembono yobukhulu bemarike, isikali siphela semarike yezibulali-zinambuzane e-Indonesia yi-4.71 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika. Izinga lokukhula kweshishini lizinzile kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ubungakanani bemarike bunyuke bufikelele kwi-5.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2030, kunye namathuba okukhula abonakalayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwangaxeshanye, ishishini lezibulali-zinambuzane lasekuhlaleni e-Indonesia lineziphene ezibalulekileyo kwiziseko zalo zokuxhasa, nto leyo ekwalithuba eliphambili kumashishini angaphandle lokungena kwimarike.
Inkqubo yokubonelela ngeekhemikhali zasekuhlaleni e-Indonesia ibuthathaka, kwaye zimbalwa iindidi zee-pesticides ezinokuveliswa ngokuzimeleyo. Okwangoku, kukho amashishini angaphezu kwama-500 e-Indonesia afumene izatifikethi zobhaliso ezihambelanayo, kodwa angama-20 ukuya kuma-30 kuphela kuwo anezixhobo zokuvelisa ngokuzimeleyo kwaye anokuvelisa ngokuzimeleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kutshanje uMphathiswa wezoLimo wase-Indonesia uqhubeke nokuqinisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokungenisa ii-pesticides ezincinci zokupakisha. Imodeli yangaphambili apho amashishini anokungenisa ngokuthe ngqo ii-pesticides ezigqityiweyo ezipakishiweyo kwimarike yasekhaya ayizinzanga. Imfuno yokupakisha nokucutshungulwa kwendawo ikhule ngokukhawuleza, ibonelela ngexesha elitsha lophuhliso kumashishini anamandla okuvelisa nokucutshungulwa kwendawo.
Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane eIndonesia
Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane e-Indonesia kubonisa indlela eyahlulwe ngokupheleleyo. Ingqiqo yamayeza, iimfuno zokuthengwa, kunye neendlela zokwenza izigqibo kwiimodeli ezimbini zokusetyenziswa zahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Isiseko singahlulwahlulwa sibe ziindidi ezimbini: uqoqosho lwamasimi amakhulu kunye noqoqosho lwamasimi amancinci olusasazwayo.
Udidi lokuqala luquka amasimi amakhulu, ikakhulu akwiSiqithi saseSumatra nakwiSiqithi saseKalimantan. Iindidi zezityalo eziphambili ziquka isundu, irabha, kunye nezinye izityalo ezikhula ixesha elide.
Ezi zityalo zineempawu zokukhula ezizinzileyo kwaye zimbalwa izinambuzane nezifo, ngoko ke azidingi zinambuzane zininzi kunye ne-fungicides. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo lokulawula ukhula unyaka wonke luphezulu kakhulu. Imfuno ye-herbicides ihlala ihleli unyaka wonke kwaye lolona didi luphambili lwabathengi.
Uhlobo lwesibini lulimo olusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezincinci, olufumaneka kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana neJava Island kunye neSulawesi, apho izityalo ezifana nerayisi, ipepile yetshili, iitapile, iishallots, iitumato, kunye nokunye ukutya kunye nemifuno yeziqhamo zizinto eziphambili ekugxilwe kuzo.
Ezi zityalo zithandwa zizinambuzane nezifo kwiindawo ezishushu nezifumileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kube kanye kwesibulali-zinambuzane kudla ngokungasombululi ngokupheleleyo ingxaki, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kuyafuneka. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba ukusetyenziswa kwesibulali-zinambuzane ngeyunithi nganye e-Indonesia kuphezulu kakhulu kunomndilili wehlabathi kwaye kudlule noweTshayina.
Umahluko kwingqiqo yokwenza izigqibo zokusetyenziswa phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini ubalulekile.
Okokuqala, kukho iqela labalimi abancinci. KwiSiqithi saseJava, inani labemi lixinene kwaye umhlaba wefama uqhekekile. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bomhlaba omnye womlimi ngamnye ngokubanzi ungaphantsi kwehektare e-1, kwaye uninzi lwawo luneehektare ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu kuphela. Ngenxa yokunciphisa ubungakanani bomhlaba wefama, abalimi abathengi izibulali zinambuzane ezinkulu ukuze baphephe inkunkuma yeekhemikhali. Kwangaxeshanye, abalimi basekuhlaleni banamaqondo alinganiselweyo enkcubeko kunye nolwazi lobuchwephesha lokutyala, kwaye izigqibo zabo zokusebenzisa ziyasebenza kakhulu. Babeka phambili ukusombulula iingxaki zezinambuzane nezifo zangoku kwaye abaziqwalaseli iindleko zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kulo lonke ixesha lokutyala. Ke ngoko, izinto ezingapheliyo ezifana nemida yenzuzo yabathengisi, imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza ivenkile, kunye nezaphulelo zezaphulelo zezona zinto ziphambili ezimisela ukhetho lokuthenga lwabalimi abancinci, endaweni yokusebenza kweendleko zizonke zamayeza ngokwawo.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokwenza izigqibo ngamasimi amakhulu yahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Iindawo zokulima zezi zityalo zihlala zifikelela kumashumi okanye amakhulu amawaka eehektare. Inkqubo yokusebenza isemgangathweni kwaye icocekile, kwaye iindleko zezibulali-zinambuzane zibandakanyiwe kwingxelo epheleleyo yengeniso yonyaka yemveliso yokutyala.
Kwiindawo ezinkulu zokutyala, iindleko zokuthenga izibulali-zinambuzane zingaphantsi kwe-1% yeendleko zokutyala zizonke. Ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuzinza kunye nokufaneleka kwezibulali-zinambuzane kubaluleke kakhulu kunexabiso. Imfuno ephambili kukujongana neengxaki zokhula, izifo kunye nezitshabalalisi ngokufanelekileyo nangokupheleleyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili ethe tye yesicwangciso sokutyala.
Ukongeza, iimfuno zokuhanjiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezikude zase-Indonesia ziphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela intlungu eyahlukileyo engekhoyo kwimarike yasekhaya. Iindawo eziphambili zokutyala ezifana neSumatra, iKalimantan, iSulawesi, kunye nePapua zikude kakhulu neziko lemizi-mveliso leSiqithi saseJava, kwaye ukusasazwa kwezinto zothutho kunzima kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide.
Abalimi abancinci banokuyilungisa ixesha lokufaka izibulali-zinambuzane ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Nokuba akukho zibulali-zinambuzane ezikhoyo, bangazisusa ukhula ngesandla. Izinga lokunyamezela iimpazamo liphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinkulu, yonke inkqubo yokukhuhla ukhula, ukufaka izibulali-zinambuzane, ukuvuna, kunye nokuvelisa iziqhamo icwangciswe ngendlela emiselweyo kwaye icwangciswe kwangaphambili. Nje ukuba isibulali-zinambuzane singafiki ngexesha, lonke icebo lokutyala liya kuhlehliswa.
Emva kokulibaziseka kokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane, abasebenzi ababelwe kule projekthi ekuqaleni baza kuthunyelwa kwezinye iipaki. Eli shishini kuza kufuneka liqeshe abasebenzi abatsha, nto leyo ebangele iindleko eziphezulu ezongezelelweyo. Ekuqaleni, iindleko zizonke zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kwihektare enye yomhlaba zazilawuleka. Nje ukuba umjikelo wokusetyenziswa ungaphumeleli, iindleko zomsebenzi, ukulungiswa kwakhona, kunye nezixhobo ziya kunyuka, kwaye iindleko ziya kwanda kakhulu.
Ngoko ke, amasimi amakhulu aneemfuneko ezingqongqo kakhulu zokufikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo, uzinzo kunye nokukwazi ukubonelela ngezixhobo zokubulala izinambuzane, kwaye ezi zezona zakhono ziphambili ekufuneka ziwoyiswe ngamashishini angenayo.
Okwangoku, imikhwa yamayeza yabalimi basekuhlaleni inyuse kakhulu umthamo wamayeza ngokubanzi. Xa sijonga iindawo ezivelisa imifuno ezijikeleze iJakarta ezifana neBandung njengomzekelo, abalimi basekuhlaleni ngokubanzi banomkhuba wamayeza okuthintela izifo nezinambuzane ngokukhawuleza xa zisenzeka, ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza ngokwesayensi. Ngaphezu koko, abalimi bakhetha izibulali-zinambuzane zemveli, ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa kanye kunye nokusebenza kakubi. Badla ngokufuna ukusebenzisa amayeza kabini ukuya kathathu ukusombulula ingxaki. Abanye abalimi badibanisa nezibulali-zinambuzane ezininzi ngokwabo, nto leyo eyonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ngokubanzi.
Oku kukwachaza isizathu sokuba umhlaba olinyiweyo e-Indonesia ungowesihlanu ukuya kwisithathu kuphela salowo waseTshayina, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwezibulali-zinambuzane ngeyunithi nganye kuphezulu kakhulu kunowaseTshayina.
Kukwakho nemithetho emibini efihlakeleyo yeshishini edla ngokungayinanzi amashishini angaphandle.
Eyokuqala yimiqathango yokuthobela imiphumo eseleyo yezibulali-zinambuzane kwizityalo ezihlala ixesha elide.
Imithi yesundu, amahlathi akhula ngokukhawuleza, irabha, njl.njl. zonke zizityalo ezikhula ixesha elide. Umjikelo wokukhula kwemithi yesundu uhlala iminyaka engama-25, ngelixa amahlathi akhula ngokukhawuleza anokuvunwa aze anqunyulwe emva kweminyaka emi-3. Ke ngoko, xa sisebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane, asinakucinga kuphela ngokusebenza kwexesha elifutshane kodwa kufuneka siqwalasele nemiphumo eseleyo yexesha elide kwiminyaka emi-3, iminyaka emi-5, okanye kwaneminyaka engama-25.
Umzekelo, ezinye izibulali-zinambuzane zinexesha eliseleyo lomhlaba elifikelela kwiminyaka esi-8. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo ekulimeni amahlathi akhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukukhula kwezityalo ezilandelayo. Nokuba isibulali-zinambuzane sisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, asinakusetyenziswa kakhulu apha. Amashishini kufuneka enze uqinisekiso lwangaphambi kokusebenza kakuhle nokhuseleko olusekelwe kwiimpawu zezityalo, kwaye ixesha lokuqinisekisa linokuba yiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3.
Inkalo yesibini kukuthobela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yokuthumela izityalo kwamanye amazwe.
I-Indonesia ithumela ngaphandle inani elikhulu lezityalo zayo eziphambili ezifana neoyile yesundu, iphepha, kunye nekofu kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika. Ezi mveliso zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yolawulo lophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Phakathi kwazo, imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-RSPO kunye ne-FSC ibeke umda ngokucacileyo kwaye yathintela ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezibulali-zinambuzane. Oku kuthetha ukuba amashishini angena kweli candelo kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zawo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokuthobela imithetho yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ukuze angene kuluhlu lobonelelo lweefama ezinkulu eziphezulu.
Amathuba Otyalo-mali Kwizibulali-zinambuzane eIndonesia
Imakethi yezibulali-zinambuzane e-Indonesia inamathuba amakhulu kwaye inamathuba amaninzi, kodwa ikumgangatho ophantsi wokulungiswa kwemarike kwaye ijongene nemingcipheko ephezulu. Xa ungena kwimakethi yase-Indonesia, umntu kufuneka aphephe ukugqithisa nokwenza amanyathelo angxamileyo, kwaye endaweni yoko, asebenzise indlela yesigulana neyononophelo, amisele nzulu ubukho bakhe, enze izicwangciso ezizinzileyo, kwaye alungele imisebenzi yexesha elide.
Ngokwembono yolawulo lomngcipheko, kukho amanqaku amathathu abalulekileyo.
Umngcipheko wokuthobela ubhaliso lwemveliso
Njengoko imeko-bume yolawulo kwishishini lase-Indonesia iqhubeka nokuqina, iimeko zangaphambili zokuphazamiseka ezifana nokongezwa kwezithako ezifihlakeleyo, ukuthengiswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kakhulu nezinentsalela eninzi, kunye neemveliso ezinomxholo ongekho semgangathweni ziye zalungiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Iimveliso ezinjalo ezingathobeliyo imithetho ziye zasuswa kancinci kancinci kwimarike.
Eyona nto iphambili kwimarike yexesha elizayo kukuba ayinatyhefu ingako, ayingcolisi okusingqongileyo, ayinangxinano ingako, kunye neemveliso ezintsha. Kuphela zezo zithobelayo, ziyalandeleka, ziluhlaza, kwaye zisebenza kakuhle ezinokufumana indawo yokuhlala ixesha elide kwimarike.
2. Iingozi zeChannel kunye nezeNkxaso-mali
Iziqithi zaseIndonesia zisasazekile kwaye ulwakhiwo lwemarike luqhekekile, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokusekwa kweziteshi kunye nokusebenza kwemarike. Amashishini angena kwimarike kufuneka aphephe ukwanda okunamandla kunye nokugcina impahla engabonakaliyo. Kufuneka akhethe ngokungqongqo iiarhente kunye nabasasazi, aseke inkqubo epheleleyo yovavanyo lwetyala kunye nolawulo lwetyala, alawule ngokungqongqo umngcipheko wamatyala amabi kwiiziteshi, kwaye andise ngokuthe chu imarike.
3. Umngcipheko wexesha lonyaka
Imveliso yezolimo ikhula kakhulu ngexesha lonyaka. Imfuno yezibulali-zinambuzane iyanda ngexesha lokutyala. Ukungafakwa kwixesha lokufaka imveliso kuya kubangela ukuba ixabiso layo lemarike liphulukane ngokupheleleyo.
Ezinye izityalo zivunwa kube kanye ngonyaka. Ukuba ukunikezelwa kubambezelekile, iimveliso ziya kugcinwa kwiindawo zokugcina impahla ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kubekho iindleko eziphezulu zokufumana imali kunye nokugcina izinto, nto leyo enciphisa ngokuthe ngqo inzuzo yamashishini. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lokusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla yeyona nto iphambili ekufezekiseni inzuzo.
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zemarike ezingasentla kunye neendawo zomngcipheko, amathuba amane otyalo-mali aphambili akwayindlela ephambili yophuhliso lweshishini lezinambuzane lase-Indonesia elizayo.
1. Gxininisa uphuhliso lweemveliso ezixineneyo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezintsha kunye nezahlulweyo ukuze zithathe indawo yeemveliso zemveli ezikumgangatho ophantsi.
Iimveliso zemveli ezinomthamo ophantsi, ubuthi obuphezulu kunye nentsalela ephezulu azihlangabezani nokuthobela imiqathango yoshishino kunye neemfuno zemarike. Iiarhente zeprimiyamu ezinomthamo ophezulu zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ubungakanani bezibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswayo ngeyunithi nganye yomhlaba olinyiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni kweendleko zokutyala ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.
Okwangoku, iindlela ezintsha ezifana nokudibanisa ii-binary kunye nee-ternary, kunye neendlela ezintsha zokulinganisa, zinokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kwaye zinciphise iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane. Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zemveli, zinamandla amakhulu okhuphiswano kwimarike.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphucuka kunye nokwahluka kweempawu zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ngokukhawuleza.
Okwangoku, uninzi lwamashishini axhaswa yiTshayina nawasekuhlaleni kwimarike yase-Indonesia abanjwe kumjikelo onzima wokhuphiswano olunexabiso eliphantsi, engenazo iiprimiyamu zebhrendi kwaye efumana inzuzo encinci. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amashishini aphesheya, esebenzisa iingenelo zebhrendi yawo, ahlala kwimarike ephezulu kwaye ayonwabela iiprimiyamu eziphezulu.
Masithathe umzekelo osebenzayo. Kwimarike yase-Indonesia, ii-fungicides zemveli ze-carbendazim zonke zazinemibala etyheli okanye engwevu. Ishishini lasekhaya elangena kwimarike laba lelokuqala ukuqalisa imveliso efanayo enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokusebenzisa inzuzo yalo ebonakalayo eyahlukileyo, lakhawuleza labamba imarike kwaye lafumana imfuno eqhubekayo kangangeminyaka emibini ilandelelana, likhokela umkhwa weshishini.
Oku kuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba kwimarike efanayo kakhulu, nokuba uhlobo oluncinci lotshintsho olwahlukileyo lunokudala inzuzo ephambili yokukhuphisana.
2. Gxila kwimveliso yasekuhlaleni + kwiindawo zokugcina impahla zasekuhlaleni + uthotho lobonelelo lweenkonzo zasekuhlaleni ukuze kwakhiwe inzuzo ephambili yokukhuphisana
Imodeli yokungenisa impahla ngaphandle ineengxaki ezininzi ezifana neendleko eziphezulu zerhafu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwempahla, kunye nobonelelo olungazinzanga. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amashishini emveliso yasekuhlaleni kunye neendawo zokugcina impahla anokonwabela iingenelo zokunciphisa irhafu, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwiiprojekthi zokuthenga ezisemthethweni zikarhulumente kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu zokubhida amashishini karhulumente e-Indonesia, ngamashishini okuvelisa asekuhlaleni kuphela afanelekileyo ukuba athathe inxaxheba. Iimveliso ezingeniswe ngaphandle kuphela azibandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokubhida. Ukukwazi ukuseka uthotho lokubonelela lwasekhaya akusiyo nje inzuzo yeendleko kodwa kukwangumqobo kwizixhobo.
3. Ukutshintsha ekuthengiseni iimveliso kuphela ukuya kwindlela edibeneyo "yeemveliso + iinkonzo zezolimo", ukuze ufumane inzuzo eyongezelelweyo.
Njengoko uqoqosho lwase-Indonesia lukhula, inani labantu ababandakanyeka kwezolimo liyaqhubeka nokwehla, kwaye iindleko zabasebenzi ziyanda minyaka le. Iindlela zemveli zokutyala ngesandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ziye zancitshiswa kancinci kancinci.
Ngokophando, ngaphambi kowama-2019, abalimi basekuhlaleni babengenamkelwa kakhulu ziinkonzo ezifana nokutshiza ngedrone kunye nokuvuna ngoomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka emithathu yobhubhane, eli shishini liye laguquka ngokukhawuleza. Ukusukela ngo-2022, imfuno yeenkonzo zentlalo yezolimo iye yanda kakhulu, kwaye abalimi baye bathenga ngenkuthalo iinkonzo ezenzelwe bona ezifana nokutshiza ngedrone kunye nokuvuna ngoomatshini.
Ukuthengisa nje iimveliso zezibulali-zinambuzane kukhokelela ekufana kakhulu kwimarike, ngamaxabiso acacileyo kwaye kungekho ndawo yamaxabiso aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, imodeli "yeemveliso zezibulali-zinambuzane + iinkonzo zezolimo ezenzelwe wena" ayinakonyusa nje kuphela ukuthengiswa kwemveliso kodwa inokwenza inzuzo engaphezulu ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Le yindawo yokukhula ekhulayo kwishishini kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-29-2026
