ILambda-cyhalothrin, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyhalothrin kunye ne-kungfu cyhalothrin, yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo liqela le-AR Jutsum ngo-1984. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo kukutshintsha ukunyanzeliswa kwe-insect nerve membrane, inqanda ukuqhutyelwa kwe-axon ye-nerve yezinambuzane, ukutshabalalisa umsebenzi we-neuron ngokusebenzisana. ngejelo le-ion yesodium, yenza isinambuzane esinetyhefu ukuba sibe nemincili kakhulu, sife umzimba kwaye sife, kwaye sinokuyiwisa ngokukhawuleza isitshabalalisi. I-Lambda-cyhalothrin ineempawu ze-insecticidal spectrum ebanzi, umsebenzi ophezulu kunye nexesha elide lesiphumo, kwaye ifanelekile ukulawula izinambuzane zezityalo ezifana nengqolowa, ingqolowa, imithi yeziqhamo, ikotoni, imifuno ye-cruciferous, njl.
1 Imeko esisiseko
高效氯氟氰菊酯Igama lesiNgesi: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Ifomula yemolekyuli: C23H19ClF3NO3; Indawo yokubilisa: 187～190℃/0.2 mmHg; Inombolo yeCAS: 91465-08-633.
Ukwakhiwa kwemveliso kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umzobo 1 Ifomula yesakhiwo se-beta-cyhalothrin
2 Ubuthi kunye neethagethi zolawulo
I-Beta-cyhalothrin inokubulala ukudibana kunye nemiphumo yetyhefu yesisu, kwaye inomphumo othile wokuphepha kwaye akukho mpembelelo yenkqubo. Inesiphumo esilungileyo solawulo kwizitshabalalisi ezihlafunwayo ezinjengombungu weLepidoptera kunye nooqongqothwane beColeoptera, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula izitshabalalisi ezihlabayo ezifana nepear psyllium. Ezona zinto zilawulayo ze beta-cyhalothrin ziimidges, armyworms, corn borers, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, cotton bollworms, red bollworms, ikhaphetshu imibungu, njl. izityalo, inokuthintela kwaye ilawule intlambu yengca, njl. Sebenzisa amaxesha onyaka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi: eTshayina, ngokuyintloko ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya kuAgasti; UMzantsi/uMntla Merika, ukususela ngoMatshi ukusa kuMeyi noSeptemba ukusa kuDisemba; UMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ukususela ngoDisemba ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi; EYurophu, ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya kuMeyi kunye noSeptemba ukuya kuDisemba inyanga.
3 Inkqubo yokudibanisa kunye neziphakathi eziphambili
(1) Ukwenziwa kwe-trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
I-Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) idibana ne-thionyl chloride, i-desolubilize kwaye ilungise ukufumana i-trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Ukwenziwa kweoli ekrwada yeklorofluorocyanide
I-Chlorofluroyl chloride, i-m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (i-ether aldehyde) kunye ne-sodium cyanide ziyadityaniswa ukufumana ioli ekrwada ye-chlorofluorocyanide phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst.
(3) Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-beta-cyhalothrin
Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-organic amines, i-chlorofluorocyanide ekrwada idlula kwi-epimerization ukwenza i-beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Imeko yemarike yasekhaya
Ngokombuzo weNethiwekhi yoLwazi lwePesticide, ukususela ngoMeyi 20, 2022, inani le-alpha-cyhalothrin yobhaliso lobugcisa lalingama-45, kwaye imixholo ebhalisiweyo yayiyi-81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, kunye ne-98%. Phakathi kwabo, ubhaliso olune-95%, 96%, kunye ne-98% yomxholo lubalele umlinganiselo omkhulu.
Ngokutsho kwe-China Pesticide Information Network umbuzo, ukususela ngoMeyi 20, 2022. Idatha yokubhaliswa kwasekhaya yamalungiselelo e-beta-cyhalothrin ibonisa ukuba kukho imixube yedosi enye, apho i-621 idosi enye kunye ne-216 idityanisiwe. I-dose enye: i-621 ibhalisiwe, amalungiselelo aphambili yi-2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g / L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g / L, 2.5% emulsion yamanzi, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g / L , 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, I-2.5%, i-10%, i-25 g / L i-microcapsule suspension, njl. Imixube edibeneyo: I-216 ebhalisiweyo, ngokukodwa i-Acitretin, i-Acitrate, i-Thiamethoxam, i-Imidacloprid, i-Acetamiprid, i-Phoxim, i-Triazophos, i-Dextromethrin, i-Pymetrozine kunye nezinye iimveliso ezixutywe. Iifom zedosi eziphambili zezi: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion yamanzi, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% i-arhente yokumisa, 2% , 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, I-4% ye-granules, i-4.5%, i-22%, i-24%, i-30% ye-powder emanzi, njl.
5 Imeko yemarike yaphesheya
5.1 Ukubhaliswa kwamalungiselelo aphesheya kweelwandle
Iidosi eziphambili ezibhalisiweyo ziyi-25 g / L, 50 g / L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Imixube ephambili yile: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + high-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon Cypending6d% 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Imveliso yaseTshayina kumazwe angaphandle
Ukusukela ngowama-2015 ukuya kowama-2019, iinkampani ezingama-582 zizonke ezithe zathumela ngaphandle i-cyhalothrin ekumgangatho ophezulu wobugcisa kunye neemveliso zokulungiselela, kunye nomthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle wezona nkampani zilishumi ziphezulu zibalelwe kuma-45% omthamo uwonke wokuthumela ngaphandle (ukuqokelelana kweminyaka emi-5). Iinkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu zidweliswe kwiThebhile yesi-2.
Umyinge womthamo wokuthumela izinto zobugcisa kumazwe angaphandle ziitoni ezingama-2,400/ngonyaka, kwaye umthamo omkhulu wokuthumela ngaphandle yi-3,000 yeetoni ngonyaka. Umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle unyukile unyaka nonyaka ukusuka kwi-2015 ukuya ku-2019. Umyinge wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe umthamo wamalungiselelo angokwenyama yi-14,800 yeetoni / ngonyaka, kwaye umthamo ophezulu wokuthumela ngaphandle u-17,000 tons (2017), kwaye ke umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle uzinzile; umyinge womthamo wamalungiselelo okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ziitoni ezingama-460/ngonyaka, kwaye elona liphezulu ziitoni ezingama-515 ngonyaka.
Ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2019, iimveliso zobugcisa kunye nokulungiswa kwe-cyhalothrin zathunyelwa kwiimarike ze-77. Ezona marike zintlanu zaziphezulu yayiyiMelika, iBelgium, iIndiya, iArgentina, nePakistan. Ezona marike zintlanu ziphezulu zibalelwa kuma-57% emveliso ethunyelwa ngaphandle eTshayina. (iminyaka emi-5 iyenyuka).
6 Iintsingiselo zemarike zamva nje
Ngokwemithombo yeendaba, ngoMeyi 7, 2022, ixesha lendawo, umzi-mveliso wenkampani yaseIndiya ye-agrochemical iBharat Rasayan, eyona nto ivelisa iimveliso zepyrethroid kunye nabaphakathi abanxulumene nayo, yavutha umlilo emva kokuqhuma kwebhoyila.
I-Indiya ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu abangekho patent emhlabeni, apho amandla okuvelisa aphakathi kweemveliso zepyrethroid, i-methyl betinate kunye ne-ether aldehyde, iphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-2021, uBharat Rasayan uya kuthumela ngaphandle kweetoni ezingaphezu kwe-6,000 zamachiza obugcisa be-pesticide, amalungiselelo kunye nabaphakathi, apho i-61% iziyobisi zobugcisa, i-13% yamalungiselelo kunye ne-26% intermediates (ikakhulukazi i-pyrethroid intermediates). Njengomphakathi obalulekileyo wokudibanisa izitshabalalisi zepyrethroid, i-ether aldehyde inemfuno yasekhaya yonyaka emalunga neetoni ezingama-6,000, ekufuneka isiqingatha sayo sithengwe eIndiya.
Ekubeni imarike yasekhaya ye-cyhalothrin isondela ekupheleni, kwaye inkampani yaseIndiya ayilona shishini liphambili elivelisa i-alpha-cyhalothrin-related intermediates ezifana ne-ether aldehydes, impembelelo kwimarike yasekhaya incinci, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlawula. ingqalelo kuthunyelo kumazwe angaphandle. Iingcaphuno.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-08-2022