Iingcongconi nezifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi ziyingxaki ekhulayo kwihlabathi liphela. Izicatshulwa zezityalo kunye/okanye iioyile zingasetyenziswa njengendlela eyahlukileyo endaweni yezibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo. Kolu phononongo, iioyile ezingama-32 (kwi-1000 ppm) zavavanywa umsebenzi wazo wokubulala ii-larvicidal ngokuchasene nee-larvae zeCulex pipiens ezine-instar kwaye iioyile ezilungileyo zavavanywa umsebenzi wazo wokubulala ii-larvicidal kwaye zahlalutywa yi-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kunye ne-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Iingcongconi zi-izinambuzane zamandulo,kwaye izifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi ziyingozi enkulu kwimpilo yehlabathi, zisongela ngaphezulu kwama-40% abemi behlabathi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2050, phantse isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi siya kuba sesichengeni seentsholongwane ezithwalwa ziingcongconi. 1 I-Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) yingcongconi esasaza izifo eziyingozi ezibangela ukugula kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufa ebantwini nakwizilwanyana.
Ulawulo lwezilwanyana zendalo yindlela ephambili yokunciphisa inkxalabo yoluntu malunga nezifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi. Ulawulo lweengcongconi ezindala kunye nezibungu ngemithi yokugxotha kunye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokunciphisa ukulunywa ziingcongconi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo kunokukhokelela ekuchaseni izibulali-zinambuzane, ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nemingcipheko yempilo ebantwini nakwizinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga kuzo.
Kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokufumana ezinye iindlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo endaweni yezithako ezisekelwe kwizityalo ezifana neeoyile ezibalulekileyo (ii-EO). Iioyile ezibalulekileyo zizinto eziguquguqukayo ezifumaneka kwiintsapho ezininzi zezityalo ezifana ne-Asteraceae, iRutaceae, iMyrtaceae, iLauraceae, iLamiaceae, iApiaceae, iPiperaceae, iPoaceae, iZingiberaceae, kunye neCupressaceae14. Iioyile ezibalulekileyo ziqulathe umxube ontsonkothileyo weekhompawundi ezifana neephenols, i-sesquiterpenes, kunye ne-monoterpenes15.
Iioyile ezibalulekileyo zineempawu zokulwa neentsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye ne-fungus. Zikwaneempawu zokubulala izinambuzane kwaye zinokubangela iziphumo zetyhefu kwimithambo-luvo ngokuphazamisana nemisebenzi yomzimba, ye-metabolic, yokuziphatha kunye neye-biochemical yezinambuzane xa iioyile ezibalulekileyo ziphefumlwa, zityiwa okanye zifunxwa lusu16. Iioyile ezibalulekileyo zingasetyenziswa njengee-insecticide, ii-larvicides, izixothi kunye nezixothi zezinambuzane. Azinabungozi kangako, zibola kwaye zinokoyisa ukuxhathisa izinambuzane.
Iioyile ezibalulekileyo ziya zithandwa kakhulu ngabavelisi bezinto eziphilayo kunye nabathengi abaqaphelayo indalo kwaye zifanelekile kwiindawo zasezidolophini, emakhaya nakwezinye iindawo ezinobuthathaka kwindalo.
Indima yeoyile ezibalulekileyo ekulawuleni iingcongconi ixoxiwe ngayo15,19. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuhlola nokuvavanya amaxabiso okubulala ii-larvicidal ezibulalayo zeeoyile ezibalulekileyo ezingama-32 kunye nokuhlalutya umsebenzi we-adenocidal kunye neekhemikhali ze-phytochemicals zeeoyile ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzayo ngokuchasene neCulex pipiens.
Kolu phononongo, ii-oyile ze-An. graveolens kunye ne-V. odorata zifunyenwe zisebenza kakhulu kubantu abadala, zilandelwa yi-T. vulgaris kunye ne-N. sativa. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-Anopheles vulgare sisibulali-zintsholongwane esinamandla. Ngokufanayo, ii-oyile zayo zinokulawula i-Anopheles atroparvus, i-Culex quinquefasciatus kunye ne-Aedes aegypti. Nangona i-Anopheles vulgaris ibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-larvicide kolu phononongo, yayingasebenzi kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ineempawu ze-adenocidal ngokuchasene ne-Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Idatha yethu ibonisa ukuba i-Anopheles sinensis iyasebenza kakhulu njengombulali weempungutye kodwa ayisebenzi kangako njengombulali wabantu abadala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iikhemikhali ezithathwe kwi-Anopheles sinensis zazigxotha iimpungutye kunye neempungutye ezindala zeCulex pipiens, kwaye ukhuseleko oluphezulu (100%) ekulunyweni ziingcongconi ezingondliyo ezifumaneka kwi-6 mg/cm2. Ukongeza, i-leaf extract yayo ikwabonakalise umsebenzi wokubulala iimpungutye kwi-Anopheles arabiensis kunye ne-Anopheles gambiae (ss).
Kolu phononongo, i-thyme (An. graveolens) ibonakalise umsebenzi onamandla wokubulala ii-larvicidal kunye nokubulala abantu abadala. Ngokufanayo, i-thyme ibonakalise umsebenzi wokubulala ii-larvicidal ngokuchasene ne-Cx. quinquefasciatus28 kunye ne-Aedes aegypti29. I-Thyme ibonise umsebenzi wokubulala ii-larvicidal kwi-Culex pipiens larvae kwi-200 ppm concentration kunye nokufa kwe-100% ngelixa amaxabiso e-LC25 kunye ne-LC50 awabonisanga mpembelelo kumsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhupha ubuthi, ukwanda komsebenzi we-GST kunye nokunciphisa umxholo we-GSH nge-30%.
Ezinye zeeoyile ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo zibonise umsebenzi ofanayo wokubulala ii-larvicidal kwi-Culex pipiens larvae njenge-N. sativa32,33 kunye ne-S. officinalis34. Ezinye iioyile ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-T. vulgaris, i-S. officinalis, i-C. sempervirens kunye ne-A. graveolens zibonise umsebenzi wokubulala ii-larvicidal kwi-moscuits larvae ezinamaxabiso e-LC90 angaphantsi kwe-200–300 ppm. Esi siphumo sinokubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo kuquka ukuba ipesenti yezinto eziphambili zayo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yeoyile yemifuno, umgangatho weoyile, uvakalelo lohlobo olusetyenzisiweyo, iimeko zokugcina ioyile kunye neemeko zobugcisa.
Kolu phononongo, i-turmeric yayingasebenzi kakuhle, kodwa izinto zayo ezingama-27 ezifana ne-curcumin kunye ne-monocarbonyl derivatives ye-curcumin zibonise umsebenzi wokubulala ii-larvicidal ngokuchasene ne-Culex pipiens kunye ne-Aedes albopictus43, kunye ne-hexane extract ye-turmeric kuxinzelelo lwe-1000 ppm kangangeeyure ezingama-2444 zisabonisa umsebenzi wokubulala ii-larvicidal we-100% ngokuchasene ne-Culex pipiens kunye ne-Aedes albopictus.
Iziphumo ezifanayo zokubulala iintsholongwane ziye zaxelwa kwi-hexane extracts ye-rosemary (80 kunye ne-160 ppm), nto leyo eye yanciphisa ukufa nge-100% kwi-3rd kunye ne-4th stage Culex pipiens larvae kwaye yandisa ubuthi nge-50% kwi-pupae nakwi-adults.
Uhlalutyo lwe-phytochemical kolu phononongo lutyhile iikhompawundi eziphambili ezisebenzayo zeeoyile ezihlalutyiweyo. Ioyile yeti eluhlaza yi-larvicide esebenza kakhulu kwaye inenani elikhulu lee-polyphenols ezine-antioxidant activity, njengoko kufunyenwe kolu phononongo. Iziphumo ezifanayo zifunyenwe59. Idatha yethu ibonisa ukuba ioyile yeti eluhlaza ikwanazo nee-polyphenols ezifana ne-gallic acid, ii-catechins, i-methyl gallate, i-caffeic acid, i-coumaric acid, i-naringenin, kunye ne-kaempferol, ezinokuba negalelo kwisiphumo sayo sokubulala izinambuzane.
Uhlalutyo lwebhayoloji lubonise ukuba ioyile ebalulekileyo yeRhodiola rosea ichaphazela ugcino lwamandla, ingakumbi iiproteni kunye nee-lipids30. Umahluko phakathi kweziphumo zethu kunye nezo zezinye izifundo unokubangelwa ngumsebenzi webhayoloji kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zeoyile ezibalulekileyo, ezinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala besityalo, ulwakhiwo lwezicubu, imvelaphi yendawo, iindawo ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa, uhlobo lokunyibilikisa, kunye nohlobo lwesityalo. Ngoko ke, uhlobo kunye nomxholo wezithako ezisebenzayo kwioyile nganye ebalulekileyo kunokubangela umahluko kumandla azo okulwa nomonakalo16.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-13-2025