一,Ukubuna kweFusarium
Iimpawu zokulimala:
Umqhaphu Ukubuna kweFusariumingenzeka kwizithole ukuya kwizityalo ezindala, apho uninzi lwazo luvela ngaphambi nasemva kokuhluma. Ingahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezi-5:
1. Uhlobo oluMthubi oluneziphene: Imithambo yamagqabi esityalo esinesifo ijika ibe mthubi, i-mesophyll ihlala iluhlaza, kwaye amanye okanye uninzi lwamagqabi abonakala etyheli eneephene, encipha kancinci kancinci aze ome;
2. Uhlobo olutyheli: Iindawo zasekuhlaleni okanye ezinkulu zemiphetho yamagqabi zijika zibe tyheli, zinciphe kwaye zome;
3. Uhlobo olubomvu olumfusa: Iindawo zasekuhlaleni okanye ezinkulu zamagqabi zijika zibe bomvu omfusa, kwaye imithambo yamagqabi nayo ibonakala ibomvu omfusa, ibuna kwaye ibuna;
4. Uhlobo oluluhlaza olubunileyo: Amagqabi alahlekelwa ngamanzi ngequbuliso, umbala wamagqabi uba luhlaza okomnyama kancinci, amagqabi athambile kwaye abhityile, isityalo sonke siluhlaza kwaye somile kwaye siyafa, kodwa amagqabi ngokubanzi awawi, kwaye iipetioles zigobile;
5. Uhlobo lokushwabana: Xa kukho amagqabi okwenyani ama-5-7, uninzi lwamagqabi aphezulu esityalo esinesifo ayashwabana, aguqukile, aluhlaza okomnyama ngombala, anama-internode amafutshane, amafutshane kunezityalo eziphilileyo, ngokubanzi awafi, kwaye i-xylem yecandelo leengcambu kunye nesiqu sesityalo esinesifo iba mdaka omnyama.
Ipatheni yePathogenesis:
Intsholongwane yokubola komqhaphu idla ngokusasazeka kakhulu ebusika kwiimbewu zezityalo ezinesifo, iintsalela zezityalo ezinesifo, umhlaba, kunye nomgquba. Ukuthuthwa kwembewu engcolileyo yeyona nto ibangela izifo ezintsha, kwaye imisebenzi yezolimo efana nokulima, ukulawula, kunye nokunkcenkceshela kumasimi omqhaphu achaphazelekayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokusasaza ngokusondeleyo. Iintsholongwane zingakhula kwiingcambu, iziqu, amagqabi, amaqokobhe, njl.njl. zezityalo ezinesifo ngexesha lokufuma okuphezulu, okunokusasazeka ngokuhamba komoya kunye nemvula, kusulele izityalo eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo.
Ukwanda kweCotton Ukubuna kweFusariuminxulumene kakhulu nobushushu kunye nokufuma. Ngokubanzi, esi sifo siqala malunga nama-20 ℃ obushushu bomhlaba, size sifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu xa ubushushu bomhlaba bunyuka bufikelela kuma-25 ℃ -28 ℃; Kwimvula okanye ngonyaka onemvula ehlotyeni, esi sifo sibi kakhulu; Amasimi omqhaphu anomhlaba ophantsi, umhlaba onzima, umhlaba we-alkaline, amanzi amdaka angasebenzi kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso se-nitrogen, kunye nokulima kakhulu kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.
Ukuthintela nokulawula iikhemikhali:
1. Ngaphambi kokuhlwayela, sebenzisa i-40% ye-carbendazim • i-pentachloronitrobenzene, i-50% ye-methyl sulfur • i-thiram isisombululo esiphindwe ka-500 sokubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni;
2. Ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, iingcambu zazinkcenkceshelwa nge-40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 solution spray okanye 500 times solution, okanye 50% thiram 600-800 solution, 80% mancozeb 800-1000 solution, kunye nefuthe elibonakalayo lokulawula;
3. Kwintsimi ezinesifo esinzima, kwangaxeshanye, isisombululo se-0.2% se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate kunye nesisombululo se-1% se-urea zisetyenziselwa ukutshiza i-foliar rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-5-7 amaxesha ama-2-3 alandelelanayo. Isiphumo sokuthintela isifo sicacile ngakumbi.
二,I-Cotton Verticillium Wilt
Iimpawu zokulimala:
Ngaphambi nasemva kokuba ihlume emasimini, isifo siqala ukuvela, imiphetho yamagqabi anesifo ilahlekelwa ngamanzi kwaye ibune. Amabala atyheli angaqhelekanga avela kwi-mesophyll phakathi kwemithambo yamagqabi, akhula kancinci kancinci abe ngamabala aluhlaza njengesundu kwimithambo yamagqabi, afana namaxolo evatala. Amagqabi aphakathi nasezantsi akhula kancinci kancinci aye kwicala eliphezulu, ngaphandle kokuwa okanye ukuwa kancinci kwamagqabi. Isityalo esinesifo sifutshane kancinci kunesityalo esisempilweni. Emva kwembalela ende ehlotyeni kunye nemvula enkulu, okanye ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi abandayo, amagqabi aqala ukubuna ngequbuliso, njengokutshiswa ngamanzi abilayo, aze awe, okubizwa ngokuba yi-acute wilting type.
Ukuthintela nokulawula iikhemikhali:
1. Ukukhetha iintlobo ezimelana nezifo kunye nokusebenzisa ujikeleziso lwezityalo. Kummandla osemantla wekotoni, ukusebenzisa ujikeleziso lwengqolowa, umbona, kunye nekotoni kunokunciphisa ukwanda kwezifo; Ukutshiza ngexesha elifanelekileyo abalawuli bokukhula abanjengoSujie An ngexesha lesigaba sokuhluma kunye ne-boll kunokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-verticillium wilt.
2. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-80% ye-mancozeb, i-50% ye-thiram, i-50% ye-methamphetamine, i-thiram kunye nezinye izinto zafafazwa ngolwelo oluphindwe ka-600-800 kanye emva kweentsuku ezi-5-7 kathathu ngokulandelelana, nto leyo eyaba nefuthe elihle ekuthinteleni ukubuna kwe-cotton verticillium.
三,Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-cotton verticillium wilt kunye ne-fusarium wilt
1. Ukubuna kweVerticillium kubonakala kade kwaye kuqala ukwenzeka ngexesha lokuhluma kwesityalo; Ukubuna kweFusarium kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngexesha lokuhluma kwesityalo, ngelixa inqanaba lokuhluma lelona nqanaba liphezulu lesi sifo.
2. Ukubuna kweVerticillium kuqala kakhulu kumagqabi asezantsi, ngelixa ukubuna kweFusarium kudla ngokuqala phezulu ukuya ezantsi.
3. Ukubuna kweVerticillium kubangela ukutyheli kwe-mesophyll kwaye ukubuna kwe-fusarium kubangela ukutyheli kwemithambo.
4. Ukubuna kweVerticillium kubangela ukudumba okuncinci, ngelixa ukubuna kweFusarium kubangela ukuba uhlobo lwesityalo lube ludumba kwaye ama-internode abe mafutshane;
5. Emva kokusika isiqu, i-vascular bundle verticillium wilt iba mdaka okhanyayo, kwaye i-fusarium wilt iba mdaka omdaka.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-14-2023