Izifo zoMqhaphu eziphambili kunye neZitshabalalisi kunye noThintelo noLawulo lwazo (1)

一,I-Fusarium wilt

 Iimpawu zokwenzakala:

 Umqhaphu I-Fusarium wiltingenzeka ukusuka kwizithole ukuya kubantu abadala, izehlo eziphezulu zenzeke ngaphambi nasemva kokuhluma.Ingahlelwa ngokweentlobo ezi-5:

1. I-Yellow Reticulated Type: Imithambo yamagqabi esityalo esigulayo ijika ibe tyheli, i-mesophyll ihlala iluhlaza, kwaye amanye amagqabi okanye uninzi lwamagqabi abonakala etyheli ereticulated, eshwabana ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ome;

2. Uhlobo olumthubi: Iindawo zasekuhlaleni okanye ezinkulu zemiphetho yamagqabi zijika zibe tyheli, zicuthe kwaye zome;

3. Uhlobo olubomvu olubomvu: Iindawo zasekuhlaleni okanye ezinkulu zamagqabi zijika zibe bomvu, kwaye imithambo yamagqabi ibonakala ibomvu emfusa, ibunile kwaye ibunile;

4. Uhlobo oluluhlaza olubuniweyo: Amagqabi alahlekelwa ngamanzi ngequbuliso, umbala wamagqabi uba luhlaza kancinane, amagqabi athambe kwaye abhitye, isityalo sisonke siluhlaza kwaye somile kwaye siyafa, kodwa amagqabi ngokubanzi awawi, kwaye iipetioles zigobile;

5. Uhlobo lwe-shrinkage: Xa kukho amagqabi okwenene angama-5-7, uninzi lwamagqabi aphezulu esityalo esigulayo ayashwabana, akhubazeke, aluhlaza obumnyama ngombala, anee-internodes ezimfutshane, ezimfutshane kunezityalo ezisempilweni, azifiyo ngokubanzi, kunye ne-xylem yesityalo. ingcambu kunye nesiqu sesityalo esinesifo sijika sibe mdaka omnyama.

 Ipatheni yePathogenesis:

 Intsholongwane yomqhaphu i-wilt pathogen ikakhulu ebusika kwimbewu yezityalo enesifo, iintsalela zezityalo ezinesifo, umhlaba kunye nomgquba.Ukuthuthwa kwembewu engcolileyo yimbangela ephambili yeendawo ezintsha zezifo, kunye nemisebenzi yezolimo efana nokulima, ukulawula, kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zekotoni yizinto ezibalulekileyo zokusasazwa ngokusondeleyo.Iintsholongwane ze-Pathogenic zinokukhula kwiingcambu, iziqu, amagqabi, iigobolondo, njl.njl kwizityalo ezigulayo ngexesha lokufuma okuphezulu, ezinokusasazeka kunye nokuhamba komoya kunye nemvula, ukuchaphazela izityalo eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo.

Isiganeko soMqhaphu I-Fusarium wiltisondelelene nobushushu kunye nokufuma.Ngokubanzi, esi sifo siqala malunga nama-20 ℃ ubushushu bomhlaba, kwaye sifike encotsheni xa ubushushu bomhlaba bunyuka ukuya kuma-25 ℃ -28 ℃;Kwimvula okanye unyaka onemvula ehlotyeni, isifo sibi kakhulu;Amasimi omqhaphu anomhlaba ophantsi, umhlaba onzima, umhlaba onealkaline, amanzi amdaka, ukufaka isichumiso senitrogen, kunye nokulinywa kakhulu kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.

Uthintelo kunye nolawulo lwekhemikhali:

1. Phambi kokuhlwayela, sebenzisa i40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfur • thiram 500 amaxesha esisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni;

2. Ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, iingcambu zankcenkceshelwa nge-40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 amaxesha isisombululo sokutshiza okanye i-500 amaxesha isisombululo, okanye 50% thiram 600-800 amaxesha isisombululo, 80% mancozeb 80000 -1000 amaxesha isisombululo, kunye nempembelelo ebalulekileyo yokulawula;

3. Kwimimandla egula kakhulu, kwangaxeshanye, isisombululo se-0.2% se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate kunye ne-1% yesisombululo se-urea sisetyenziselwa ukutshiza ngamahlamvu rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-5-7 kumaxesha ama-2-3 alandelelanayo.Impembelelo yokuthintela isifo ibonakala ngakumbi.

二,Umqhaphu Verticillium Wilt

Iimpawu zokwenzakala:

Ngaphambi nangemva kokuhluma kwintsimi, isifo siqala ukwenzeka, kunye nemiphetho yamagqabi anesifo esilahlekelwa ngamanzi kunye nokubuna.Amabala atyheli angaqhelekanga avela kwi-mesophyll phakathi kwemithambo yamagqabi, ngokuthe ngcembe ekhula abe yisundu eluhlaza njengamabala emithanjeni yegqabi, afana nofele lwevatala.Amagqabi aphakathi nasezantsi akhula ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kwindawo ephezulu, ngaphandle kokuwa okanye ukuwa kwamagqabi.Isityalo esinesifo sifutshane kancinci kunesityalo esisempilweni.Emva kwembalela ende ehlotyeni nezaqhwithi, okanye ukunkcenkceshela ngezikhukula, amagqabi abuna ngequbuliso, njengokutshiselwa ngamanzi abilayo, aze awe, okubizwa ngokuba yi-acute wilting type.

Uthintelo kunye nolawulo lwekhemikhali:

1. Ukukhetha iintlobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezifo kunye nokumilisela ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo.Kummandla womqhaphu osemantla, ukusebenzisa ingqolowa, umbona, kunye nokujikeleziswa komqhaphu kunokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwezifo;Izilawuli zokukhula ngexesha lokutshiza ezifana ne-Sujie An ngexesha lokuhluma kunye nenqanaba le-boll kunokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-verticillium wilt.

2. Ekuqaleni, i-80% ye-mancozeb, i-50% ye-thiram, i-50% ye-methamphetamine, i-thiram kunye nezinye ii-agent ziye zatshizwa ngamaxesha angama-600-800 olwelo kanye ngeentsuku ezi-5-7 izihlandlo ezithathu ezilandelelanayo, nto leyo eyaba nefuthe elihle kulwelo. ukuthintelwa kwe-cotton verticillium wilt.

三,Umahluko omkhulu phakathi komqhaphu we-cotton verticillium wilt kunye ne-fusarium wilt

1. I-Verticillium wilt ibonakala emva kwexesha kwaye iqala kuphela ukwenzeka ngexesha lesigaba se-bud;I-Fusarium wilt inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngexesha lokukhula kwezithole, ngelixa inqanaba le-bud linqanaba eliphezulu lesi sifo.

2. I-Verticillium wilt iqala ukusuka kumagqabi asezantsi, ngelixa i-fusarium wilt isoloko iqala ukusuka phezulu ukuhla.

3. I-Verticillium wilt ibangela ukuba tyheli kwe-mesophyll kunye ne-fusarium wilt ibangela ukuba imithambo ibe tyheli.

4. I-Verticillium wilt ibangela ubuncinci obuncinci, ngelixa i-fusarium wilt ibangela ukuba uhlobo lwesityalo lube luncinci kwaye i-internodes ibe mfutshane;

5. Emva kokusika isiqu, i-vascular bundle verticillium wilt inombala obomvu, kwaye i-fusarium wilt inombala omnyama.