Isibulali-zinambuzaneIinethi zeengcongconi ezinyangiweyo ziyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokulawula i-malaria vector kwaye kufuneka zinyangwe ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane kwaye zilahlwe rhoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinethi zeengcongconi ezinyangiweyo ziyindlela esebenzayo kakhulu kwiindawo ezixhaphake kakhulu yi-malaria. Ngokwengxelo ye-World Health Organisation ka-2020, phantse isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi sisengozini ye-malaria, uninzi lweziganeko nokufa kwenzeka kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara, kuquka ne-Ethiopia. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu lamatyala nokufa liye laxelwa kwiindawo ze-WHO ezifana ne-South-East Asia, i-Eastern Mediterranean, i-Western Pacific kunye ne-Amerika.
I-Malaria sisifo esosulelayo esisongela ubomi esibangelwa yintsholongwane edluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ziingcongconi eziziimazi ezine-Anopheles. Esi sisongelo siqhubekayo sibonisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yemizamo yezempilo yoluntu yokulwa nesi sifo.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ITNs kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukwanda kwemalariya, uqikelelo luqala kwi-45% ukuya kwi-50%.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kokuluma ngaphandle kudala imingeni enokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwe-ITNs. Ukujongana nokuluma ngaphandle kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusasazeka kwemalariya nokuphucula iziphumo zempilo yoluntu ngokubanzi. Olu tshintsho lokuziphatha lunokuba yimpendulo kuxinzelelo olukhethiweyo olukhutshwa yi-ITNs, ezijolise kakhulu kwiindawo zangaphakathi. Ngoko ke, ukwanda kokuluma ngaphandle kwengcongconi kubonisa amathuba okusasazeka kwemalariya ngaphandle, kugxininisa imfuneko yokungenelela okujoliswe kuko kulawulo lwe-vectors zangaphandle. Ngoko ke, uninzi lwamazwe ahlala enesifo semalariya anemigaqo-nkqubo exhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ITNs kwihlabathi liphela ukulawula ukulunywa kwezinambuzane zangaphandle, kodwa inani labantu abalala phantsi kwenethi yengcongconi kumazantsi eSahara eAfrika liqikelelwa ukuba lingama-55% ngo-2015. 5,24
Siqhube uphando olusekelwe kuluntu olusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchonga ukusetyenziswa kweenethi zomngxunya ezinyangwa yizinambuzane kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko ngo-Agasti ukuya kuSeptemba 2021.
Uphononongo lwenziwe ePawi woreda, esinye sezithili ezisixhenxe zeMetekel County eBenishangul-Gumuz State. Isithili sasePawi siseBenishangul-Gumuz State, i-550 km kumzantsi-ntshona we-Addis Ababa kunye ne-420 km kumntla-mpuma we-Assosa.
Isampulu yolu phononongo yayiquka intloko yekhaya okanye naliphi na ilungu lekhaya elineminyaka eli-18 nangaphezulu elihlale kwelo khaya ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6.
Abaphenduli ababegula kakhulu okanye begula kakhulu kwaye bengakwazi ukunxibelelana ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwedatha bakhutshelwe ngaphandle kwisampulu.
Izixhobo: Idatha iqokelelwe kusetyenziswa iphepha lemibuzo elilawulwa ngumntu obuza imibuzo kunye noluhlu lokuhlola olusekwe kwizifundo ezipapashwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho oluthile31. Iphepha lemibuzo lophando lalinamacandelo amahlanu: iimpawu zentlalo-nezoluntu, ukusetyenziswa nolwazi lwe-ICH, ulwakhiwo nobukhulu bosapho, kunye neempawu zobuntu/zokuziphatha, ezenzelwe ukuqokelela ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nabathathi-nxaxheba. Uluhlu lokuhlola lunesixhobo sokujikeleza okuqwalaselweyo okwenziweyo. Lwaluqhotyoshelwe kwiphepha lemibuzo ngalinye lekhaya ukuze abasebenzi basentsimini bakwazi ukujonga okuqwalaselweyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa udliwanondlebe. Njengengxelo yokuziphatha, sithe izifundo zethu zazibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba babantu kwaye izifundo ezibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba babantu kufuneka zihambelane neSibhengezo saseHelsinki. Ke ngoko, iBhodi yokuHlola yeZiko leKholeji yezoNyango kunye neSayensi yezeMpilo, iYunivesithi yaseBahir Dar ivumile zonke iinkqubo kuquka naziphi na iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ezenziwe ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo kunye nemigaqo efanelekileyo kwaye imvume enolwazi yafunyanwa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wedatha kuphando lwethu, sisebenzise amaqhinga aliqela aphambili. Okokuqala, abaqokeleli bedatha baqeqeshwe ngokupheleleyo ukuqonda iinjongo zolu phando kunye nomxholo wemibuzo ukuze kuncitshiswe iimpazamo. Ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, sivavanye le mibuzo ukuze sichonge kwaye sisombulule naziphi na iingxaki. Iinkqubo zokuqokelela idatha ezisemgangathweni ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana, kwaye samisela iindlela zokubeka esweni rhoqo zokujonga abasebenzi basentsimini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo iyalandelwa. Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekiswa kwafakwa kwimibuzo ukuze kugcinwe ulandelelwano olunengqiqo lweempendulo. Ukufakwa kwedatha kabini kwasetyenziselwa idatha yobuninzi ukunciphisa iimpazamo zokungena, kwaye idatha eqokelelweyo yayihlaziywa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukugqibelela nokuchaneka. Ukongeza, simisele iindlela zokuphendula zabaqokeleli bedatha ukuphucula iinkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa iindlela zokuziphatha, ukunceda ukwandisa ukuthembana kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wempendulo.
Okokugqibela, i-multivariate logistic regression yasetyenziswa ukuchonga izinto ezixela kwangaphambili iinguqu eziphumayo kunye nokulungelelanisa ii-covariates. Ukulunga kokulingana kwemodeli ye-binary logistic regression kwavavanywa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweHosmer kunye neLemeshow. Kuzo zonke iimvavanyo zezibalo, ixabiso le-P < 0.05 lathathwa njengenqaku lokuphela kokubaluleka kwezibalo. I-Multicollinearity yeenguqu ezizimeleyo yahlolwa kusetyenziswa i-tolerance and variance inflation factor (VIF). I-COR, i-AOR, kunye ne-95% confidence interval zasetyenziswa ukumisela amandla onxulumano phakathi kweenguqu ezizimeleyo ze-categorical kunye ne-binary dependent variables.
Ukwazisa ngokusetyenziswa kweinethi zeengcongconi ezifakwe kwisibulali zinambuzane eParweredas, kwiNgingqi yaseBenishangul-Gumuz, kumntla-ntshona we-Ethiopia.
Iinethi zeengcongconi ezinyangwa ngezibulali-zinambuzane zibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuthintela imalariya kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo njengePawi County. Nangona uMnyango wezeMpilo wase-Ethiopia wenze imizamo emikhulu yokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweenethi zeengcongconi ezinyangwa ngezibulali-zinambuzane, imiqobo yokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi isasele.
Kwezinye iindawo, kunokubakho ukungaqondani okanye ukungavumi ukusetyenziswa kweenethi ezinyangiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni amazinga okufunxwa aphantsi. Ezinye iindawo zinokujongana nemingeni ethile efana neengxabano, ukufuduka okanye ubuhlwempu obukhulu obunokuthintela kakhulu ukusasazwa nokusetyenziswa kweenethi ezinyangiweyo ...
Oku kungangqinelani kusenokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, kuquka ixesha eliphakathi kwezifundo (ngokomyinge, iminyaka emithandathu), umahluko ekuqondeni nasekufundiseni malunga nokuthintela imalariya, kunye nomahluko wengingqi kwimisebenzi yokukhuthaza. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ITN ngokubanzi kuphezulu kwiindawo ezinemfundo esebenzayo kunye neziseko zempilo ezingcono. Ukongeza, amasiko enkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zasekuhlaleni zinokuchaphazela ukwamkeleka kokusetyenziswa kwenethi yebhedi. Ekubeni olu phononongo lwenziwe kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo yimalariya ezineziseko zempilo ezingcono kunye nokusasazwa kwe-ITN, ukufikeleleka kunye nokufumaneka kwenethi yebhedi kunokuba phezulu xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezinokusetyenziswa okuncinci.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kobudala nokusetyenziswa kwe-ITN busenokuba bubangelwa zizinto ezininzi: abantu abaselula badla ngokusebenzisa ii-ITN rhoqo kuba baziva benoxanduva ngakumbi kwimpilo yabantwana babo. Ukongeza, amaphulo ezempilo akutshanje ajolise ngempumelelo kwizizukulwana ezincinci, ephakamisa ulwazi malunga nokuthintela imalariya. Iimpembelelo zentlalo, kuquka oontanga kunye nezenzo zoluntu, nazo zinokudlala indima, njengoko abantu abaselula bedla ngokwamkela iingcebiso ezintsha zempilo.
Ukongeza, badla ngokuba nokufikelela okungcono kwizixhobo kwaye badla ngokuvuma ngakumbi ukwamkela iindlela ezintsha kunye netekhnoloji, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba basebenzise ii-IPO rhoqo.
Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba imfundo inxulunyaniswa nezinto ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo. Abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu emfundo badla ngokuba nokufikelela okungcono kulwazi kunye nokuqonda ngakumbi ukubaluleka kwe-ITNs ekuthinteleni imalariya. Badla ngokuba namanqanaba aphezulu olwazi ngezempilo, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba batolike ulwazi lwezempilo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye basebenzisane nababoneleli bezempilo. Ukongeza, imfundo idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemeko ephucukileyo yezentlalo nezoqoqosho, enika abantu izixhobo zokufumana nokugcina ii-ITNs. Abantu abafundileyo banamathuba amaninzi okuchasa iinkolelo zenkcubeko, bamkele ngakumbi ubuchwepheshe obutsha bezempilo, kwaye babandakanyeke kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezilungileyo zempilo, ngaloo ndlela banefuthe elihle ekusetyenzisweni kwee-ITN ngoontanga babo.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-12-2025