Isibulali zinambuzane-ienethi zengcongconi ezinyangwayo sisicwangciso esisebenzayo solawulo lwesifo seengcongconi kwaye kufuneka sinyangwe ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane kwaye ilahlwe rhoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iminatha yeengcongconi enyangwe ngamayeza eengcongconi yindlela esebenza kakhulu kwiindawo ezinobuninzi bemalariya. Ngokwengxelo ka-2020 yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, phantse isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi basemngciphekweni wesifo seengcongconi, uninzi lwezehlo nokufa kwabantu kwenzeka kumazwe asezantsi kweSahara, kuquka ne-Ethiopia. Nangona kunjalo, amanani abalulekileyo amatyala kunye nokufa kuye kwaxelwa kwimimandla ye-WHO efana noMzantsi-mpuma Asia, iMpuma yeMeditera, iNtshona Pasifiki kunye naseMelika.
Isifo seengcongconi sisifo esosulelayo esisongela ubomi nesibangelwa sisifunxi-gazi esidluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa yimazi yeengcongconi ezibizwa ngokuba yiAnopheles. Esi sisongelo sithe gqolo sigxininisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yeenzame eziqhubekayo zempilo yoluntu ukulwa esi sifo.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-ITNs kunokunciphisa kakhulu izehlo zemalariya, ngoqikelelo olusuka kuma-45% ukuya kuma-50%.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kokuluma ngaphandle kudala imingeni enokuthi ijongele phantsi ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-ITN. Ukujongana nokuluma ngaphandle kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ngakumbi usulelo lwemalariya kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zempilo yoluntu ngokubanzi. Olu tshintsho lokuziphatha lunokuba yimpendulo kwingcinezelo ekhethiweyo eyenziwa yi-ITN, ejolise ngokukodwa kwiindawo zangaphakathi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukwanda kokulunywa kweengcongconi zangaphandle kugxininisa amandla okusasazwa kwe-malaria yangaphandle, kugxininisa imfuno yokungenelela okujoliswe kuyo yokulawula i-vector yangaphandle. Ngoko ke, amazwe amaninzi anemalariya anemigaqo-nkqubo exhasa ukusetyenziswa jikelele kwe-ITNs ukulawula ukulunywa ngaphandle kwezinambuzane, kodwa inani labemi abalele phantsi kwenethi yeengcongconi kwi-Afrika ekwi-sub-Sahara liqikelelwa ukuba liyi-55% ngo-2015. 5,24
Senze uphononongo olusekwe kuluntu lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo ukufumanisa ukusetyenziswa kweinethi zeengcongconi ezifakwe isibulali zinambuzane kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko ngo-Agasti-Septemba 2021.
Uphononongo lwenziwe ePawi woreda, esinye sezithili ezisixhenxe zeMetekel County eBenishangul-Gumuz State. Isithili sasePawi siseBenishangul-Gumuz State, i-550 km kumzantsi-ntshona we-Addis Ababa kunye ne-420 km kumntla-mpuma we-Assosa.
Isampulu yolu phononongo ibandakanya intloko yekhaya okanye naliphi na ilungu losapho elineminyaka eli-18 ubudala nangaphezulu nelithe lahlala ekhaya kangangeenyanga ezi-6 ubuncinane.
Abaphenduli ababegula kakhulu okanye begula kakhulu kwaye bengakwazi ukunxibelelana ngexesha lokuqokelela idatha abazange bafakwe kwisampuli.
Izixhobo: Idatha iqokelelwe kusetyenziswa i-questionnaire elawulwa ngudliwano-ndlebe kunye noluhlu lokuqwalasela oluphuhliswe ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezifanelekileyo ezipapashiweyo kunye nohlengahlengiso oluthile31. Uluhlu lwemibuzo yophando lunamacandelo amahlanu: iimpawu zentlalo-ntle yabantu, ukusetyenziswa nolwazi lwe-ICH, ulwakhiwo losapho kunye nobukhulu, kunye nobuntu/imiba yokuziphatha, eyilelwe ukuqokelela ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nabathathi-nxaxheba. Uluhlu lokukhangela lunesixhobo sokujikeleza imigqaliselo eyenziweyo. Yayincanyathiselwe kuluhlu lwemibuzo lwendlu nganye ukuze abasebenzi basentsimini bahlole oko bakuphawulileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa udliwano-ndlebe. Njengengxelo yokuziphatha, satsho ukuba izifundo zethu zibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba babantu kunye nezifundo ezibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abangabantu kufuneka zihambelane neSibhengezo saseHelsinki. Ngoko ke, iBhodi yokuHlola yeZiko leKholeji yezoNyango kunye neSayensi yezeMpilo, iYunivesithi yaseBahir Dar ivume zonke iinkqubo ezibandakanya naziphi na iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ezenziwe ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo kunye nemimiselo efanelekileyo kunye nemvume enolwazi yafunyanwa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wedatha kwisifundo sethu, siphumeze izicwangciso ezininzi eziphambili. Okokuqala, abaqokeleli bedatha baqeqeshwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze baqonde iinjongo zophando kunye nomxholo wephepha lemibuzo ukuze kuncitshiswe iimpazamo. Phambi kokuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo, siye savavanya ikhweshine ukuchonga nokusombulula nayiphi na imiba. Iinkqubo zokuqokelelwa kwedatha emgangathweni ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki, kunye nokuseka iindlela zokubeka iliso rhoqo ukongamela abasebenzi bendawo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano ziyalandelwa. Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekiswa kufakwe kwi-questionnaire ukugcina ulandelelwano lweempendulo ezinengqiqo. Ukufakwa kwedatha kabini kusetyenziswe idatha yobungakanani ukunciphisa iimpazamo zokungena, kwaye idatha eqokelelweyo yayihlaziywa rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugqibelela nokuchaneka. Ukongeza, siye saseka iindlela zokunika ingxelo kubaqokeleli bedatha ukuphucula iinkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa izenzo zokuziphatha, ukunceda ukwandisa ukuthembela kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokuphendula.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezininzi kusetyenziswe ukuchonga izibikezelo zeziphumo eziguquguqukayo kunye nokulungelelanisa i-covariates. Ukulunga kokulingana kwemodeli yokubuyela umva kokubini kwavavanywa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweHosmer kunye neLemeshow. Kuzo zonke iimvavanyo zeenkcukacha-manani, ixabiso le-P <0.05 lithathwe njenge-cutoff point yokubaluleka kweenkcukacha-manani. I-Multicollinearity yeenguqu ezizimeleyo zavavanywa kusetyenziswa ukunyamezela kunye nokuhluka kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso (VIF). I-COR, AOR, kunye ne-95% yexesha lokuzithemba zisetyenziselwe ukumisela amandla onxulumano phakathi koluhlu oluzimeleyo kunye nokuxhomekeka kokubini.
Ukwazisa ngokusetyenziswa kweinethi zeengcongconi ezifakwe kwisibulali zinambuzane eParweredas, kwiNgingqi yaseBenishangul-Gumuz, kumntla-ntshona we-Ethiopia.
Iminatha yeengcongconi ezinyangelwe ngamayeza ziye zaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuthintela isifo seengcongconi kwiindawo ezigqugqise kakhulu njengePawi County. Ngaphandle kwemizamo ebalulekileyo ye-Federal Ministry of Health yase-Ethiopia yokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweminatha yeengcongconi ezinyangelwe izinambuzane, imiqobo ekusetyenzisweni kwayo ngokubanzi isekhona.
Kweminye imimandla, kusenokubakho ukungaqondi kakuhle okanye ukuxhathisa ukusetyenziswa kweinetha ezinezibulali zinambuzane, nto leyo ekhokelela kumazinga aphantsi okuthathwa kwawo. Ezinye iindawo zinokujongana nemingeni ethile enjengongquzulwano, ukufuduswa okanye intlupheko egqithisileyo enokunciphisa kakhulu ukusasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweminatha enezibulali zinambuzane, njengendawo yaseBenishangul-Gumuz-Metekel.
Lo mahluko usenokuba ngenxa yezinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ixesha phakathi kwezifundo (ngokomndilili, iminyaka emithandathu), umahluko wolwazi kunye nemfundo malunga nokuthintela isifo seengcongconi, kunye nokwahlukana kwemimandla kwimisebenzi yokwazisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-ITNs kuphezulu kwiindawo ezinemfundo esebenzayo kunye neziseko ezingcono zempilo. Ukongeza, izithethe zasekuhlaleni kunye neenkolelo zinokuchaphazela ukwamkeleka kokusetyenziswa komnatha webhedi. Ekubeni olu phononongo luqhutyelwe kwiindawo ezine-malaria ezineziseko ezingcono zezempilo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-ITN, ukufikeleleka kunye nokufumaneka kweinetha zokulala kunokuba phezulu xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezinokusetyenziswa okuphantsi.
Unxulumano phakathi kweminyaka yobudala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-ITN kusenokuba ngenxa yezinto ezininzi: abantu abatsha bathanda ukusebenzisa ii-ITN rhoqo kuba baziva benoxanduva kwimpilo yabantwana babo. Ukongeza, amaphulo ezempilo akutshanje ajolise ngokufanelekileyo kwizizukulwana eziselula, ephakamisa ulwazi malunga nokuthintela isifo seengcongconi. Iimpembelelo zentlalo, kubandakanywa oontanga kunye nezenzo zoluntu, nazo zinokudlala indima, njengoko abantu abatsha bethanda ukwamkela iingcebiso ezintsha zempilo.
Ukongeza, bakholisa ukuba nofikelelo olungcono kwizibonelelo kwaye bahlala bekulungele ukwamkela iindlela ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe, okwenza kube lula ukuba baya kusebenzisa ii-IPO ngokuqhubekayo.
Oku kungenxa yokuba imfundo inxulunyaniswa nezinto ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo. Abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu emfundo bakholisa ukufikelela ngcono kulwazi kunye nokuqonda ngakumbi ngokubaluleka kwee-ITNs kuthintelo lwemalariya. Bakholisa ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu olwazi lwezempilo, okubavumela ukuba batolike ngokufanelekileyo ulwazi lwezempilo kunye nokunxibelelana nababoneleli bezempilo. Ukongeza, imfundo ihlala inxulunyaniswa nemo yentlalo noqoqosho ephuculweyo, ebonelela abantu ngezibonelelo zokufumana nokugcina ii-ITN. Abantu abafundileyo nabo badla ngokucela umngeni kwiinkolelo zenkcubeko, bamkele ngakumbi ubugcisa obutsha bezempilo, kwaye bazibandakanye ekuziphatheni okuhle kwezempilo, ngaloo ndlela bephembelela ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwee-ITN ngoontanga babo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-12-2025