Yeyiphiii-phytohormonesidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imbalela? Ii-phytohormones ziqhelana njani notshintsho lwendalo? Iphepha elipapashwe kwijenali iTrends in Plant Science lichaza ngokutsha kwaye lihlela imisebenzi yeeklasi ezili-10 zee-phytohormones ezifunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kubukumkani bezityalo. Ezi molekyuli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizityalo kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo njenge-herbicides, biostimulants, nakwimveliso yeziqhamo nemifuno.
Olu phononongo lukwatyhila ukuba zeziphiii-phytohormoneszibalulekile ekuziqhelaniseni neemeko ezitshintshayo zendalo (ukunqongophala kwamanzi, izikhukula, njl.njl.) kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo ziphila kwiindawo eziyingozi kakhulu. Umbhali wolu phando nguSergi Munne-Bosch, uprofesa kwiFakhalthi yeBiology kunye ne-Institute of Biodiversity (IRBio) kwiYunivesithi yaseBarcelona kunye nentloko yeQela loPhando oluDibeneyo kwi-Antioxidants kwi-Agricultural Biotechnology.
“Ukususela oko uFritz W. Went wafumanisa i-auxin njengento yokwahlulahlula iiseli ngo-1927, impumelelo yesayensi kwi-phytohormones itshintshe kakhulu ibhayoloji yezityalo kunye netekhnoloji yezolimo,” utshilo uMunne-Bosch, uprofesa webhayoloji yokuzivelela kwezinto, i-ecology, kunye nesayensi yokusingqongileyo.
Nangona indima ebalulekileyo ye-phytohormone hierarchy, uphando lovavanyo kule ndawo alukaqhubeki kakhulu. Ii-Auxins, ii-cytokinins, kunye nee-gibberellins zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo, kwaye ngokutsho kwe-hierarchy ye-hormone ecetywayo ngababhali, zithathwa njengabalawuli abaphambili.
Kwinqanaba lesibini,i-abscisic acid (ABA), i-ethylene, i-salicylates, kunye ne-jasmonic acid zinceda ekulawuleni iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo zezityalo kwiimeko ezitshintshayo zendalo kwaye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezilawula iimpendulo zoxinzelelo. “I-ethylene kunye ne-abscisic acid zibaluleke kakhulu phantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi. I-Abscisic acid inoxanduva lokuvala i-stomata (iimbobo ezincinci kumagqabi ezilawula ukutshintshiselana kwegesi) kunye nezinye iimpendulo kuxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ezinye izityalo ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi kakuhle kakhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yendima yokulawula ye-abscisic acid,” utshilo uMunne-Bosch. Ii-Brassinosteroids, ii-peptide hormones, kunye ne-strigolactones zenza inqanaba lesithathu lee-hormone, zibonelela izityalo ngokuguquguquka okukhulu ukuze ziphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iimolekyuli ezifunekayo zee-phytohormones azikahlangabezani ngokupheleleyo nazo zonke iimfuno kwaye zisalinde ukuchongwa kokugqibela. “I-Melatonin kunye ne-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yimizekelo emibini emihle. I-Melatonin iyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno, kodwa ukuchongwa kwe-receptor yayo kusekwinqanaba lokuqala (okwangoku, i-PMTR1 receptor ifunyenwe kuphela kwi-Arabidopsis thaliana). Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elizayo elingekude, uluntu lwezenzululwazi lunokufikelela kwisivumelwano kwaye luyiqinisekise njenge-phytohormone.”
“Ngokuphathelele iGABA, akukho zi-receptors ezifunyenweyo kwizityalo. IGABA ilawula imijelo ye-ion, kodwa kuyamangalisa ukuba ayisiyo neurotransmitter eyaziwayo okanye i-hormone yezilwanyana kwizityalo,” utshilo ingcali.
Kwixesha elizayo, ekubeni amaqela e-phytohormones engabalulekile nje kuphela kwisayensi kwibhayoloji esisiseko kodwa akwabalulekile nakwimimandla yezolimo kunye ne-biotechnology yezityalo, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ulwazi lwethu ngamaqela e-phytohormones.
"Kubalulekile ukufunda ii-phytohormones ezingaqondwa kakuhle, ezifana ne-strigolactones, i-brassinosteroids, kunye nee-peptide hormones. Sidinga uphando oluthe kratya malunga nokusebenzisana kwee-hormone, indawo engaqondwa kakuhle, kunye nee-molecules ezingakahlelwa njenge-phytohormones, ezifana ne-melatonin kunye ne-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," ugqibezele uSergi Munne-Bosch. Umthombo: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-13-2025