Umfanekiso: Iindlela zemveli zokuvuselela izityalo zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo ezifana neehomoni, ezinokuba zezohlobo oluthile kwaye zifuna umsebenzi omninzi. Kwisifundo esitsha, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa inkqubo entsha yokuvuselela izityalo ngokulawula umsebenzi kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyeka ekuhlukaniseni (ukwanda kweeseli) kunye nokwahlula-hlula (i-organogenesis) kweeseli zezityalo. Jonga okungakumbi
Iindlela zemveli zokuhlaziya izityalo zifuna ukusetyenziswaabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalonjengeihomonis, ezinokuba zezohlobo oluthile kwaye zifuna umsebenzi omninzi. Kwisifundo esitsha, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa inkqubo entsha yokuvuselelwa kwezityalo ngokulawula umsebenzi kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyeka ekuhlukaniseni (ukwanda kweeseli) kunye nokwahlula-hlula (i-organogenesis) kweeseli zezityalo.
Izityalo bezisoloko zingumthombo ophambili wokutya kwezilwanyana nabantu kangangeminyaka emininzi. Ukongeza, ezi zityalo zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha amayeza kunye neekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo gwenxa kunye nokukhula kwemfuno yokutya kubonisa imfuneko yeendlela ezintsha zokuzala izityalo. Inkqubela phambili kwi-biotechnology yezityalo inokusombulula ukunqongophala kokutya kwixesha elizayo ngokuvelisa izityalo eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza (GM) ezivelisa ngakumbi kwaye zikwazi ukumelana notshintsho lwemozulu.
Ngokwemvelo, izityalo zinokuphinda zivelise izityalo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo kwiseli enye "ye-totipotent" (iseli enokubangela iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli) ngokutshintsha umahluko kunye nokwahlulahlula zibe ziiseli ezinezakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ukulungiswa okwenziwayo kweeseli ze-totipotent ngokukhulisa izicubu zezityalo kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukukhusela izityalo, ukuzalisa, ukuvelisa iintlobo ze-transgenic kunye neenjongo zophando lwesayensi. Ngokwesiko, inkcubeko yezicubu zokuvuselela izityalo ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo (ii-GGR), ezifana ne-auxins kunye ne-cytokinins, ukulawula ukwahluka kweeseli. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezifanelekileyo zehomoni zinokuhluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezityalo, iimeko zenkcubeko kunye nohlobo lwezicubu. Ke ngoko, ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuhlola kunokuba ngumsebenzi othatha ixesha elininzi kwaye onzima.
Ukuze boyise le ngxaki, uNjingalwazi oNcedisayo uTomoko Ikawa, kunye noNjingalwazi oNcedisayo uMai F. Minamikawa kwiYunivesithi yaseChiba, uNjingalwazi uHitoshi Sakakibara kwiYunivesithi yaseNagoya kwiSikolo seZidanga zeSayensi zezoLimo kunye noMikiko Kojima, ingcali yetekhnoloji evela kwiRIKEN CSRS, baphuhlise indlela ebanzi yokulawula izityalo ngokulawula. Ukuchazwa kwezakhi zofuzo “ezilawulwa ngokuphuhlayo” (DR) zokwahlulahlula iiseli ukuze kufezekiswe ukuvuselelwa kwezityalo. Epapashwe kwiVolumu 15 yeFrontiers kwiSayensi yeZityalo ngo-Epreli 3, 2024, uGqr. Ikawa unikezele ngolwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga nomsebenzi wabo wophando, esithi: “Inkqubo yethu ayisebenzisi ii-PGR zangaphandle, kodwa endaweni yoko isebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ze-transcription ukulawula ukwahluka kweeseli. ezifana neeseli ezi-pluripotent ezibangelwa zizilwanyana ezanyisayo.”
Abaphandi baveze ii-genes ezimbini ze-DR ngendlela engaphandle kwesikhumba, i-BABY BOOM (BBM) kunye ne-WUSCHEL (WUS), ezivela kwi-Arabidopsis thaliana (esetyenziswa njengesityalo esingumzekelo) kwaye bahlola impembelelo yazo ekuhlukaniseni inkcubeko yezicubu zecuba, ilettuce kunye ne-petunia. I-BBM ibhala i-transcription factor elawula uphuhliso lwe-embryonic, ngelixa i-WUS ibhala i-transcription factor egcina ubuwena be-stem cell kummandla we-apical meristem yehlumela.
Uvavanyo lwabo lubonise ukuba ukuvezwa kwe-Arabidopsis BBM okanye i-WUS yodwa akwanelanga ukukhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli kwizicubu zamagqabi ecuba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukubonakaliswa kwe-BBM ephuculweyo ngokusebenzayo kunye ne-WUS eguqulwe ngokusebenzayo kubangela i-phenotype yokwahlukana okuzenzekelayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-PCR, iiseli zamagqabi eziguqulweyo zahlulwe zaba yi-callus (ubunzima beeseli ezingalungelelaniswanga), izakhiwo ezifana nezitho eziluhlaza kunye namahlumela angena ngaphakathi. Uhlalutyo lwe-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), indlela esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ii-transcripts ze-gene, lubonise ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwe-Arabidopsis BBM kunye ne-WUS kunxulumene nokwakhiwa kwe-transgenic calli kunye namahlumela.
Xa kujongwa indima ebalulekileyo yee-phytohormones ekwahlulweni nasekuhlulweni kweeseli, abaphandi balinganise amanqanaba ee-phytohormones ezintandathu, ezizezi i-auxin, i-cytokinin, i-abscisic acid (ABA), i-gibberellin (GA), i-jasmonic acid (JA), i-salicylic acid (SA) kunye ne-metabolites zayo kwizityalo zezityalo eziguqulweyo. Iziphumo zabo zibonise ukuba amanqanaba e-active auxin, i-cytokinin, i-ABA, kunye ne-inactive GA ayanda njengoko iiseli zahlulahlula zibe ngamalungu omzimba, nto leyo egxininisa indima yazo ekuhlulweni kweeseli zezityalo kunye ne-organogenesis.
Ukongeza, abaphandi basebenzise i-RNA sequencing transcriptomes, indlela yohlalutyo olusemgangathweni nolunobungakanani lwe-gene expression, ukuvavanya iipatheni ze-gene expression kwiiseli ze-transgenic ezibonisa ukwahlukana okusebenzayo. Iziphumo zabo zibonise ukuba ii-genes ezinxulumene nokwanda kweeseli kunye ne-auxin zityebile kwii-genes ezilawulwa ngokwahlukileyo. Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo olusebenzisa i-qPCR lutyhile ukuba ii-transgenic cells zinyuse okanye zinciphise ukubonakaliswa kwee-genes ezine, kuquka ii-genes ezilawula ukwahlukana kweeseli zezityalo, i-metabolism, i-organogenesis, kunye ne-auxin response.
Ngokubanzi, ezi ziphumo zibonisa indlela entsha neguquguqukayo yokuvuselela izityalo engadingi ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-PCR. Ukongeza, inkqubo esetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo inokuphucula ukuqonda kwethu iinkqubo ezisisiseko zokwahluka kweeseli zezityalo kwaye iphucule ukhetho lwe-biotechnology lweentlobo zezityalo eziluncedo.
Egxininisa ukusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka komsebenzi wakhe, uGqr. Ikawa uthe, “Le nkqubo ixeliweyo inokuphucula ukuzala kwezityalo ngokubonelela ngesixhobo sokukhuthaza ukwahluka kweeseli zeeseli zezityalo eziguqulweyo ngaphandle kwesidingo se-PCR. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba izityalo eziguqulweyo zamkelwe njengeemveliso, uluntu luya kukhawulezisa ukuzala kwezityalo kwaye lunciphise iindleko zemveliso ezinxulumene noko.”
Malunga noNjingalwazi oNcedisayo uTomoko Igawa UGqr. Tomoko Ikawa unguprofesa oncedisayo kwiSikolo soPhuhliso lweZityalo, iZiko leSayensi yeZityalo zeMolekyuli, kunye neZiko lezoLimo lweSithuba kunye noPhando lweZityalo zeSityalo, kwiYunivesithi yaseChiba, eJapan. Izinto anomdla kuzo kuphando ziquka ukuzala nophuhliso lwezityalo kunye ne-biotechnology yezityalo. Umsebenzi wakhe ugxile ekuqondeni iindlela zemolekyuli zokuzala nokwahluka kweeseli zezityalo kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-transgenic. Uneempapasho ezininzi kwezi nkalo kwaye lilungu leJapan Society of Plant Biotechnology, iBotanical Society of Japan, iJapanese Plant Breeding Society, iJapan Society of Plant Physiologists, kunye neInternational Society for the Study of Plant Sexual Reproduction.
Ukwahluka okuzimeleyo kweeseli ze-transgenic ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kweehomoni: ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo zendalo kunye nokuziphatha kwee-phytohormones
Ababhali bathi uphando lwenziwe ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezorhwebo okanye bezemali obunokuthathwa njengongquzulwano olunokwenzeka lwemidla.
Isikhanyeli: I-AAAS kunye ne-EurekAlert azinaxanduva ngokuchaneka kweengxelo zeendaba ezipapashwe kwi-EurekAlert! Nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kolwazi ngumbutho onika ulwazi okanye ngenkqubo ye-EurekAlert.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-22-2024