Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngeminyaka yee-1950, uhlaselo lweencukuthu lwaluphantse lwapheliswa ehlabathini lonke ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.isibulali zinambuzanei-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, eyaziwa ngcono njenge-DDT, umchiza oye wavalwa ukususela ngoko. Noko ke, izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezidolophini ziye zaphinda zavela ehlabathini lonke, yaye ziye zakwazi ukumelana noluhlu lwezibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziselwa ukuzilawula.
Uphononongo olupapashwe kwi-Journal ye-Medical Entomology iinkcukacha zendlela iqela lophando elivela eVirginia Tech, elikhokelwa yi-entomologist yasezidolophini uWarren Booth, lifumene ukuguqulwa kofuzo olunokubangela ukuxhathisa i-insecticide.
Ukufunyaniswa kwaba sisiphumo sophando uBooth olungiselelwe umfundi ophumelele isidanga uCamilla Block ukuba aphucule izakhono zakhe kuphando lwemolekyuli.
UBooth, oyincutshe kwizitshabalalisi zasezidolophini, kudala ephawula utshintsho lwemfuza kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo zamaphela neempukane ezimhlophe ezazizenza zixhathise izibulali-zinambuzane. UBooth ucebise ukuba iBlock ithathe isampulu yebug enye kwibhedi nganye yabantu abahlukeneyo abali-134 abaqokelelwa ziinkampani zolawulo lwezinambuzane zaseMntla Melika phakathi kuka-2008 kunye no-2022 ukubona ukuba zonke zinenguqu efanayo yeseli. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba iincukuthu ezimbini ezisuka kubantu ababini abahlukeneyo zineenguqu ezifanayo zeeseli.
“Ezi ziisampuli zam zokugqibela ezingama-24,” utshilo uBullock, ofunda i-entomology kwaye ulilungu le-Invasive Species Partnership. Andizange khe ndenze uphando ngeemolekyuli ngaphambili, ngoko ukuba nazo zonke ezi zakhono zeemolekyuli kwakubalulekile kum.”
Ngenxa yokuba uhlaselo lweencukuthu lufana ngokwemfuza ngenxa yokuzalana ngobuninzi, isampuli enye kuphela kwisampulu nganye emele uluntu. Kodwa uBooth wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene uBullock ulufumene utshintsho, bavavanya zonke iisampulu kubo bobabini abantu abachongiweyo.
“Xa sibuyile kwaye sivavanya abantu abambalwa kubo bobabini abantu, safumanisa ukuba ngamnye kubo unotshintsho,” utshilo uBooth. "Ke iinguqulelo zabo zilungisiwe, kwaye zinguqu ezifanayo esizifumene kwi-cockroach yaseJamani."
Ngokufunda amaphela aseJamani, uBooth wafunda ukuba ukuxhathisa kwabo kumayeza okubulala izinambuzane kwakungenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza kwiiseli zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye ezi ndlela zimiselwe ngokusingqongileyo.
“Kukho umzila wemfuza obizwa ngokuba yiRdl. Lo mzila wemfuza ufunyenwe kwezinye iintlobo ezininzi zezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kwaye unxulunyaniswa nokuxhathisa isibulali-zinambuzane esibizwa ngokuba yidieldrin,” watsho uBooth, okwasebenza kwiFralin Institute of Life Sciences. “Olu tshintsho lwenzeka kuwo onke amaphela aseJamani.
I-Fipronil kunye ne-dieldrin, izibulala-zinambuzane ezimbini eziye zaboniswa zisebenza ngokuchasene neebhugi kwilebhu, zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, ngoko ke uguquko lwethiyori lwenza ukuba izinambuzane zixhathise zombini, utshilo uBooth. I-Dieldrin iye yavalwa ukususela ngo-1990, kodwa i-fipronil ngoku isetyenziselwa kuphela ukulawula iintakumba kwiikati nezinja, kungekhona kwiibhugi zokulala.
UBooth ukrokrela ukuba abanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya abaninzi abasebenzisa unyango lwe-topical fipronil bavumela iikati kunye nezinja zabo ukuba zilale nazo, bebeka umandlalo wabo kwintsalela yefipronil. Ukuba iincukuthu ziye zangeniswa kwindawo enjalo, zinokuvezwa ngokungazi kwi-fipronil, kwaye ke uguquko lunokukhethwa kuluntu lwebhedi.
“Asazi nokuba olu tshintsho lulutsha na, nokuba lwavela emva koku, lwavela ngeli xesha, okanye lwalusele lukhona na kubemi kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo,” utshilo uBooth.
Inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba kukwandisa ukhangelo kunye nokujonga olu tshintsho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ngakumbi eYurophu, kwaye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo phakathi kwesampulu zemyuziyam, kuba iibhugi bezikho ngaphezulu kwesigidi seminyaka.
NgoNovemba ka-2024, ilebhu kaBooth yalandelelanisa ngempumelelo yonke i-genome ye-bug yebhedi eqhelekileyo okokuqala.
UBooth waphawula ukuba ingxaki ye-DNA yemyuziyam kukuba iqhekeka ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngoku ukuba abaphandi banamathemplates kwinqanaba le-chromosome, banokuthatha ezo ziqwenga kwaye bazihlele kwakhona kwiichromosomes, ukuvuselela izakhi zofuzo kunye ne-genome.
UBooth uphawule ukuba amaqabane akhe elebhu kunye neenkampani zokulawula izinambuzane, ngoko ke umsebenzi wabo wolandelelwano lwemfuza unokubanceda baqonde ngcono apho iincukuthu zifumaneka khona kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nendlela yokunceda ukuzisusa.
Ngoku ekubeni uBullock eziphucule izakhono zakhe zemolekyuli, ujonge phambili ekuqhubekeni nophando lwakhe kwindaleko yasezidolophini.
“Ndiyayithanda indaleko. Ndicinga ukuba inika umdla ngokwenene,” utshilo uBlock. “Abantu baphuhlisa unxibelelwano olunzulu nezi ntlobo zasezidolophini, kwaye ndicinga ukuba kulula ukwenza abantu babe nomdla kwiincukuthu kuba banokuzazi ngokwabo.”
Ixesha lokuposa: May-13-2025