Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ngeminyaka yoo-1950, ubhubhane weencukuthu zaphantse zaphela kwihlabathi liphela ngokusebenzisaisibulali-zinambuzaneI-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-DDT, ikhemikhali evaliweyo ukusukela ngoko. Nangona kunjalo, izinambuzane zasezidolophini ziye zavela kwakhona kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ziye zakwazi ukumelana neendidi ezahlukeneyo zezibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziselwa ukuzilawula.
Uphononongo olupapashwe kwiJournal of Medical Entomology luchaza indlela iqela lophando elivela eVirginia Tech, elikhokelwa yingcali yezinambuzane zasezidolophini uWarren Booth, elifumanise ngayo utshintsho lwemfuza olunokubangela ukunganyangeki kwezibulali-zinambuzane.
Oku kufunyaniswayo kwaba ngumphumo wophando uBooth awalulungiselela umfundi ophumelele isidanga uCamilla Block ukuphucula izakhono zakhe kuphando lweemolekyuli.
UBooth, ogxile kwizinambuzane zasezidolophini, wayeqaphele utshintsho lwemfuza kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo zamaphela aseJamani kunye neempukane ezimhlophe ezenza ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nezibulali-zinambuzane. UBooth ucebise ukuba uBlock athathe isampuli yencukuthu enye kwinani ngalinye leencukuthu ezahlukeneyo ezili-134 eziqokelelwe ziinkampani zokulawula izinambuzane zaseMntla Melika phakathi kowama-2008 nowama-2022 ukuze abone ukuba zonke zinenguqu efanayo yeseli. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iincukuthu ezimbini ezivela kwizizwe ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zinenguqu efanayo yeseli.
“Ezi ziisampulu zam zokugqibela ezingama-24,” utshilo uBullock, ofunda ngezinambuzane kwaye elilungu le-Invasive Species Partnership. “Andikaze ndenze uphando ngeemolekyuli ngaphambili, ngoko ke ukuba nazo zonke ezi zakhono zeemolekyuli kwakubaluleke kakhulu kum.”
Ngenxa yokuba ukuhlasela kweencukuthu zebhedi kufana ngokwemfuza ngenxa yokuzalana ngobuninzi, yisampulu enye kuphela kwisampulu nganye idla ngokumela inani labemi. Kodwa uBooth wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba iBullock ifumene utshintsho, ngoko ke bavavanya zonke iisampulu kuzo zombini iindidi ezichongiweyo.
“Xa sabuyela umva saza sahlola abantu abambalwa kuzo zombini ezi zizwe, safumanisa ukuba nganye kuzo yayinotshintsho,” utshilo uBooth. “Ngoko ke utshintsho lwabo aluguquki, kwaye lolona tshintsho lusifumene kwi-cockroach yaseJamani.”
Ngokufunda ngeempethu zaseJamani, uBooth wafunda ukuba ukumelana kwazo nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kwakubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwiiseli zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye ezi ndlela zazimiselwe kwindalo.
“Kukho ijini ebizwa ngokuba yi-Rdl gene. Le jini ifunyenwe kwezinye iintlobo ezininzi zezinambuzane kwaye inxulunyaniswa nokuchasana nesibulali-zinambuzane esibizwa ngokuba yi-dieldrin,” utshilo uBooth, osebenza kwiFralin Institute of Life Sciences. “Olu tshintsho lukhona kuzo zonke iimpethu zaseJamani. Kuyamangalisa ukuba asifumananga bantu bangenalo olu tshintsho.”
I-Fipronil kunye ne-dieldrin, izibulali-zinambuzane ezimbini eziye zabonakala zisebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene neencukuthu zebhedi kwilebhu, zisebenza ngendlela efanayo yokusebenza, ngoko ke utshintsho lwenze ukuba izinambuzane zingakwazi ukumelana nazo zombini, utshilo uBooth. I-Dieldrin ibingavumelekanga ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1990, kodwa i-fipronil ngoku isetyenziselwa kuphela ukulawula iintakumba kwiikati nezinja, kungekhona kwiincukuthu zebhedi.
UBooth ukrokrela ukuba uninzi lwabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya abasebenzisa unyango lwe-fipronil olusecaleni bavumela iikati nezinja zabo ukuba zilale nazo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iibhedi zazo zilale kwintsalela ye-fipronil. Ukuba iincukuthu zebhedi zingeniswe kwindawo enjalo, zinokuchaphazeleka ngengozi kwi-fipronil, kwaye ke utshintsho lunokukhethwa kuluntu lweencukuthu zebhedi.
“Asazi nokuba olu tshintsho lutsha na, nokuba luvele emva koku, nokuba luvele ngeli xesha, okanye nokuba sele lukhona kuluntu kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo,” utshilo uBooth.
Inyathelo elilandelayo liza kuba kukwandisa uphendlo nokukhangela ezi nguqu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ingakumbi eYurophu, nangamaxesha ahlukeneyo phakathi kweesampuli zeemyuziyam, ekubeni iimpuku zebhedi bezikho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi.
NgoNovemba ka-2024, ilebhu kaBooth yaphumelela ukulandelelanisa yonke i-genome ye-common bed bug okokuqala.
UBooth uqaphele ukuba ingxaki ngeDNA yemyuziyam kukuba iyaqhekeka ibe ziingceba ezincinci ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngoku ekubeni abaphandi beneetemplate kwinqanaba le-chromosome, banokuzithatha ezo zingceba baze bazihlele kwakhona zibe zii-chromosome, baphinde bakhe ii-genes kunye ne-genome.
UBooth uqaphele ukuba elebhu yakhe isebenzisana neenkampani zokulawula izinambuzane, ngoko ke umsebenzi wabo wokulandelelanisa izakhi zofuzo unokubanceda baqonde ngcono apho zifumaneka khona iincukuthu zebhedi kwihlabathi liphela kunye nendlela yokunceda ukuzisusa.
Ngoku ekubeni uBullock ephucule izakhono zakhe zeemolekyuli, ujonge phambili ekuqhubekeni nophando lwakhe malunga nophuhliso lwezidolophini.
“Ndiyayithanda indaleko. Ndicinga ukuba inomdla kakhulu,” utshilo uBlock. “Abantu bakha unxibelelwano olunzulu nezi ntlobo zezilwanyana zasezidolophini, kwaye ndicinga ukuba kulula ukwenza abantu babe nomdla kwiincukuthu zebhedi kuba bayakwazi ukuziqonda ngokwabo.”
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-13-2025