Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iincukuthu zatshabalalisa ihlabathi, kodwa ngeminyaka yoo-1950 zaphantse zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngesibulali-zinambuzane i-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Le khemikhali yathintelwa kamva. Ukususela ngoko, esi sinambuzane sasezidolophini sibuye savela kwihlabathi liphela kwaye siye sakwazi ukumelana nezibulali-zinambuzane ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukuzilawula.
Uphononongo olupapashwe kwiJournal of Medical Entomology luchaza indlela iqela lophando elivela eVirginia Tech, elikhokelwa yingcali yezinambuzane zasezidolophini uWarren Booth, elifumene ngayo utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olunokubangela ukuxhathisa izibulali-zinambuzane.
Ezi ziphumo beziziphumo zophando olwenziwe yiBooth oluyilelwe umfundi ophumelele isidanga uCamille Block ukuze aphuhlise izakhono zakhe kuphando lweemolekyuli.
“Yayiluhambo lokuloba nje kuphela,” utshilo uBooth, uprofesa oncedisayo wezifundo zezinambuzane zasezidolophini kwiKholeji yezoLimo neSayensi yoBomi kaJoseph R. noMary W. Wilson.
UBooth, ingcali yezinambuzane zasezidolophini, wayesele esazi ngotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo yamaphela aseJamani kunye neempukane ezimhlophe ezazinika ukumelana nezibulali-zinambuzane. UBooth ucebise uBrooke ukuba ahlalutye isampulu enye yeencukuthu zebhedi ezivela kuluntu ngalunye kwezili-134 ezahlukeneyo eziqokelelwe yinkampani yokulawula izinambuzane yaseMntla Melika phakathi kowama-2008 nowe-2022 ukuze abone ukuba zithwele utshintsho olufanayo lweseli. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iincukuthu ezimbini zebhedi ezivela kuluntu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zazithwele utshintsho.
“Olu (ukufunyanwa) lwenziwe ngokusekelwe kwiisampuli zam zokugqibela ezingama-24,” utshilo uBlock, ofunda i-entomology kwaye olilungu le-Invasive Species Collaboration. “Andikaze ndenze i-molecular biology ngaphambili, ngoko ke ukufunda ezi zakhono kubalulekile kum.”
Ngenxa yokuba inani leencukuthu zebhedi lifana kakhulu ngokwemfuza, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuzalana kwazo, isampulu enye kuluntu ngalunye idla ngokwanela ukumela lonke iqela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uBrock uyifumene ngokwenene le nguqu, uBooth wavavanya zonke iisampulu kuluntu olubini oluchongiweyo.
“Xa saphinda savavanya abantu abaliqela kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo, safumanisa ukuba bonke babenale nguqu,” utshilo uBooth. “Ngoko ke basekwa njengabathwali bezi nguqu, kwaye ezi nguqu ziyafana nezo sizifumene kwiimpethu zaseJamani.”
Ngophando lwakhe ngeempethu zaseJamani, uBooth wafunda ukuba ukumelana kwazo nezibulali-zinambuzane kwakubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwiiseli zenkqubo yazo yemithambo-luvo, nokuba ezi ndlela zazixhomekeke kwindalo esingqongileyo.
“Kukho ijini ebizwa ngokuba yi-Rdl gene. Ifunyenwe kwezinye iintlobo ezininzi zezinambuzane kwaye inxulunyaniswa nokuchasana ne-dieldrin yezinambuzane,” utshilo uBooth, umphandi kwiFralin Institute of Life Sciences. “Olu tshintsho lukhona kuzo zonke iimpethu zaseJamani. Okumangalisayo kukuba, asifumananga nenye inkitha engenalo olu tshintsho.”
Ngokutsho kukaBooth, i-fipronil kunye ne-dieldrin—zombini ezi zinambuzane zibonakalise ukuba ziyasebenza kwiincukuthu zebhedi kwizifundo zelebhu—zinendlela efanayo yokusebenza, ngoko ke ngokwethiyori, olu tshintsho lunokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kokuxhathisa kuzo zombini ezi ziyobisi. I-Dieldrin ibingavumelekanga ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990, kodwa i-fipronil isasetyenziswa kunyango lweentakumba ezinja nakwiikati, kungekhona ekulawuleni iincukuthu zebhedi.
UBooth ukrokrela ukuba uninzi lwabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya abasebenzisa amaconsi e-fipronil ukunyanga izilwanyana zabo zasekhaya bavumela iikati nezinja zabo ukuba zilale nazo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iibhedi zazo zilale kwintsalela ye-fipronil. Ukuba iincukuthu zingena kwindawo enjalo, zingadibana ne-fipronil ngempazamo kwaye zibe sesichengeni sokwanda kolu hlobo lwamayeza kuluntu.
“Asazi nokuba olu tshintsho lutsha na, nokuba luvele kamva, ngelo xesha, okanye nokuba lwalusele lukhona kuluntu kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo,” utshilo uBooth.
Inyathelo elilandelayo liza kuba kukwandisa uphendlo lokufumanisa ezi nguqu kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi eYurophu, nakwimiboniso yeemyuziyam yamaxesha ahlukeneyo, njengoko iimpuku zebhedi bezikho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi.
NgoNovemba ka-2024, iBooth Labs yaba yilabhoratri yokuqala ukulandelelanisa ngempumelelo yonke i-genome ye-common bed bug.
“Eli lixesha lokuqala i-genome yesi sinambuzane ihlelwa ngokweenkcukacha,” utshilo uBooth. “Ngoku ekubeni sine-genome sequence, singazifunda ezi sampuli zemyuziyam.”
UBooth uqaphela ukuba ingxaki ngeDNA yemyuziyam kukuba iyaqhekeka ibe ziingceba ezincinci ngokukhawuleza, kodwa abaphandi ngoku baneetemplate zenqanaba leechromosome ezibavumela ukuba bakhuphe ezi zingceba baze bazilungelelanise nezi chromosome ukuze bakhe kwakhona iigenes kunye neegenomes.
UBooth uqaphela ukuba ilebhu yakhe isebenzisana neenkampani zokulawula izinambuzane, ngoko ke umsebenzi wabo wokulandelelanisa izakhi zofuzo unokubanceda baqonde ngcono ukusasazeka kwezinambuzane emhlabeni jikelele kunye neendlela zokuzitshabalalisa.
Ngoku ekubeni uBrock ephucule izakhono zakhe kwi-molecular biology, unomdla wokuqhubeka nophando lwakhe malunga nophuhliso lwezidolophini.
“Ndiyayithanda indaleko. Ndiyifumana inomdla kakhulu,” utshilo uBlock. “Abantu baziva benonxibelelwano olukhulu nezi ntlobo zasezidolophini, kwaye ndicinga ukuba kulula ukwenza abantu babe nomdla kwiincukuthu zebhedi kuba mhlawumbi badibene nazo ngqo.”
ULindsay Myers ngumfundi ophanda emva kwezifundo zakhe kwiSebe leeNtomology kwaye lilungu leqela lophando likaBooth eVirginia Tech.
I-Virginia Tech, njengeyunivesithi yehlabathi, exhaswa ngurhulumente, ibonisa impembelelo yayo ngokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwiindawo zethu, eVirginia, nakwihlabathi liphela.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-12-2025