I-Aedes aegypti yeyona vector iphambili yee-arbovirus ezininzi (ezifana ne-dengue, i-chikungunya, kunye ne-Zika) ezibangela ukuqhambuka kwezifo ebantwini rhoqo kwiindawo ezishushu nezishushu. Ulawulo lokuqhambuka kwezi zifo luxhomekeke ekulawuleni iintsholongwane, rhoqo ngohlobo lwe-sprays yezinambuzane ezijolise kwiingcongconi ezindala eziziintsana. Nangona kunjalo, ukugubungela indawo kunye nokuphindaphindwa kokutshiza okufunekayo ukuze kusebenze kakuhle akucaci. Kolu phononongo, sichaza impembelelo yokutshiza ngaphakathi nge-ultra-low volume (ULV) pyrethroid insecticides kwiindawo zeengcongconi ze-Aedes aegypti zasekhaya.
Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukwehla kwe-Aedes aegypti ngaphakathi kwikhaya kubangelwa kukutshiza okwenzeka kwikhaya elinye, kungekho mpembelelo yongezelelweyo yokutshiza kwikhaya elikufutshane. Ukusebenza kokutshiza kufuneka kulinganiswe ngokwexesha ukususela ekutshizeni kokugqibela, njengoko singafumananga mpembelelo iqokelelweyo evela ekutshizeni ngokulandelelana. Ngokusekelwe kwimodeli yethu, siqikelela ukuba ukusebenza kokutshiza kwehla ngama-50% malunga neentsuku ezingama-28 emva kokutshiza.
Ukuncipha kobuninzi be-Aedes aegypti kusapho kwakuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinani leentsuku ukusukela okokugqibela kokutshiza kuloo khaya, nto leyo eyayibonisa ukubaluleka kokufunxwa kokutshiza kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, apho ukutshiza rhoqo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusasazeka kwentsholongwane kwindawo leyo.
Kolu phononongo, sisebenzise idatha evela kuvavanyo olukhulu oluphindwe kabini lwe-indoor pyrethroid spray ephindaphindwayo kwisixeko sase-Iquitos, kummandla we-Peruvian Amazon ukuqikelela impembelelo yokutshiza ngomthamo ophantsi kakhulu kuluntu ngalunye lwe-aedes aegypti mosquito ngaphakathi kwikhaya, idlula ngaphaya kwemida yekhaya elinye. Uphando lwangaphambili luqikelele impembelelo yonyango ngomthamo ophantsi kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekubeni iintsapho zingaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwendawo enkulu yokungenelela. Kolu phononongo, sijonge ukwahlula imiphumo yonyango kwinqanaba elincinci leentsapho nganye ukuze siqonde igalelo lonyango lwangaphakathi kwikhaya xa kuthelekiswa nonyango olukwiintsapho ezikufutshane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, siqikelele impembelelo eqokelelweyo yokutshiza ngokuphindaphinda xa kuthelekiswa nokutshiza kwakutshanje kwi-Aedes aegypti ukunciphisa kwiindlu zeenkukhu ukuze siqonde ukuphindaphindwa kokutshiza okufunekayo kunye nokuvavanya ukwehla kokusebenza kokutshiza ngokuhamba kwexesha. Olu hlalutyo lunokunceda ekuphuhlisweni kwamaqhinga okulawula iintsholongwane kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi lokumisela iimodeli ukuqikelela ukusebenza kwazo.
Isiphumo somdla sichazwa njengenani lilonke le-Aedes aegypti yabantu abadala eqokelelweyo ngekhaya ngalinye i kunye nexesha t, eliyilwe kwisakhelo se-Bayesian esinamanqanaba amaninzi kusetyenziswa ukusasazwa kwe-binomial okungalunganga ukuze kujongwe ukusasazeka okugqithisileyo, ingakumbi kuba inani elikhulu le-null Aedes aegypti yabantu abadala liqokelelwe . Ngenxa yomahluko kwindawo kunye noyilo lovavanyo phakathi kwezi zifundo zimbini, zonke iimodeli ezikhethiweyo zifakwe kwiiseti zedatha ze-S-2013 kunye ne-L-2014, ngokwahlukeneyo. Iimodeli ezikhethiweyo ziphuhliswa ngokwefomu eqhelekileyo:
u-a umele nayiphi na iseti yeenguqu ezifunekayo ezilinganisa impembelelo yokutshiza ekhaya ngexesha lika-t, njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.
u-b umele nayiphi na iseti yeenguqu ezifunekayo ezilinganisa impembelelo yokutshiza kubamelwane abajikeleze indlu ngexesha u-i, njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.
Sivavanye i-b-statistic elula ngokubala umlinganiselo wemizi engaphakathi kwiringi kumgama othile ukusuka kwindlu i eyatshizwa kwiveki engaphambi kwe-t.
apho u-h linani leentsapho ezikwiringi u-r, kwaye u-r ngumgama ophakathi kweringi kunye nekhaya u-i. Umgama ophakathi kweringi unikwa ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
Imodeli ehambelanayo ifanelekile kwimisebenzi yokuvezwa kwesitshizi ngaphakathi endlwini evavanyiweyo ngexesha. Umgca obomvu otyebileyo umele imodeli efanelekileyo, apho umgca otyebileyo umele imodeli efanelekileyo kwaye eminye imigca etyebileyo imele iimodeli ezine-WAIC engahlukanga kangako kwi-WAIC yemodeli efanelekileyo. Umsebenzi wokubola kwe-BA usetyenziswa kwinani leentsuku ukusukela ekutshizeni kokugqibela ezikwiimodeli ezintlanu eziphezulu ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-WAIC kuzo zombini iimvavanyo.
Le modeli iqikelele ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza kwehle ngama-50% malunga neentsuku ezingama-28 emva kokutshiza, ngelixa inani le-Aedes aegypti liphantse labuyela kwimeko yalo epheleleyo malunga neentsuku ezingama-50-60 emva kokutshiza.
Kolu phononongo, sichaza impembelelo yokutshiza i-pyrethrin yangaphakathi enevolumu ephantsi kakhulu kubemi be-Aedes aegypti yangaphakathi ngokunxulumene neziganeko zokutshiza ezenzeka ngexesha elithile nakwindawo kufutshane nekhaya. Ukuqonda ngcono ixesha kunye nobungakanani bendawo yempembelelo yokutshiza kubemi be-Aedes aegypti kuya kunceda ekuchongeni iinjongo ezifanelekileyo zokugubungela indawo kunye nokuphindaphindeka kokutshiza okufunekayo ngexesha lokungenelela kolawulo lwe-vector, kwaye kuya kubonelela ngesiseko sokuthelekisa amaqhinga ahlukeneyo okulawula i-vector. Ulwazi. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukuncipha kwabemi be-Aedes aegypti yangaphakathi kubangelwa kukutshiza ngaphakathi kwekhaya elinye, ngaphandle kwempembelelo eyongezelelweyo yokutshiza ngamakhaya kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Impembelelo yokutshiza kubemi be-Aedes aegypti yangaphakathi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwixesha ukususela ekutshizeni kokugqibela kwaye iyancipha kancinci kancinci kwiintsuku ezingama-60. Akukho kuncipha kubemi be-Aedes aegypti okubonwe ngenxa yempembelelo eqokelelweyo yeziganeko ezininzi zokutshiza ngaphakathi kwekhaya. Ngokubanzi, inani le-Aedes aegypti linciphile. Inani leengcongconi ze-Aedes aegypti endlwini lixhomekeke kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo ukusukela oko kutshizwa okokugqibela kuloo ndlu.
Umda obalulekileyo wophando lwethu kukuba asizange silawule iminyaka yeengcongconi ze-Aedes aegypti ezindala eziqokelelweyo. Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwale mvavanyo [14] lubonise ukuba ukusasazwa kweminyaka yeengcongconi ezindala bekusoloko kuncinci (ukwanda kwenani leengcongconi ezingenanto) kwindawo yokutshiza ye-L-2014 xa kuthelekiswa nendawo ye-buffer. Ke ngoko, nangona singakhange sifumane indima eyongezelelweyo yokutshiza kwimizi engqongileyo kubuninzi be-Aedes aegypti kwikhaya elithile, asinakuqiniseka ukuba akukho miphumo yengingqi kwi-dynamics yabemi be-Aedes aegypti kwiindawo apho iziganeko zokutshiza zenzeka rhoqo.
Eminye imida yophando lwethu ibandakanya ukungakwazi ukuchaza ukutshizwa okungxamisekileyo yiSebe lezeMpilo, okwenzeke malunga neenyanga ezi-2 ngaphambi kokutshizwa kwe-L-2014, ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi oluneenkcukacha ngendawo kunye nexesha layo. Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba ezi sprays zinefuthe elifanayo kuyo yonke indawo yophando, zenza inqanaba eliqhelekileyo loxinano lwe-Aedes aegypti; eneneni, ngexesha lokutshizwa okuvavanyo kwaqala, inani le-Aedes aegypti lalisele liqalile ukubuyela kwimeko yalo yangaphambili. Ngaphezu koko, umahluko kwiziphumo phakathi kwamaxesha amabini ovavanyo unokubangelwa kukungafani koyilo lophando kunye nokuthambekela okwahlukileyo kwe-Aedes aegypti kwi-cypermethrin, kunye ne-S-2013 enobuthathaka ngakumbi kune-L-2014.
Okokugqibela, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba iziphumo zokutshiza ngaphakathi zazilinganiselwe kumakhaya apho ukutshiza kwenzeke khona, kwaye ukutshiza kumakhaya angabamelwane akuzange kunciphise inani le-Aedes aegypti. Iingcongconi ezindala ze-Aedes aegypti zinokuhlala kufutshane okanye ngaphakathi kwezindlu, ziqokelelana ngaphakathi kwe-10 m kwaye zihambe umgama ophakathi we-106 m. Ke ngoko, ukutshiza indawo ejikeleze indlu kusenokungabi nampembelelo inkulu kuluntu lwe-Aedes aegypti kuloo ndlu. Oku kuxhasa iziphumo zangaphambili zokuba ukutshiza ngaphandle okanye kufutshane nendlu akunampembelelo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kunokubakho iimpembelelo zengingqi kwi-dynamics yabemi be-Aedes aegypti, kwaye imodeli yethu ayenzelwanga ukubona ezo ziphumo.
Xa zizonke, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukubaluleka kokufikelela kumakhaya onke asemngciphekweni ophezulu wokosuleleka ngexesha lobhubhane, njengoko amakhaya angakhange atshizwe kutshanje engenakuxhomekeka kumanyathelo akufutshane okanye kwanamanyathelo adlulileyo amaninzi ukunciphisa inani leengcongconi ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yokuba ezinye izindlu bezingenakufikeleleka, imizamo yokuqala yokutshiza ibisoloko ikhokelela ekugutyungelweni okungaphelelanga. Ukutyelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumakhaya alahlekileyo kunokunyusa ukugutyungelwa, kodwa imbuyekezo iyancipha ngomjikelo ngamnye wemizamo kwaye iindleko ngekhaya ngalinye ziyanda. Iinkqubo zokulawula iivekta kufuneka ziphuculwe ngokujolisa kwiindawo apho umngcipheko wokosuleleka yidengue uphezulu. Ukosuleleka yidengue kwahlukile kwindawo nangexesha, kwaye uvavanyo lwengingqi lweendawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, kubandakanya iimeko zabantu, okusingqongileyo kunye nezentlalo, kufuneka lukhokele imizamo yokulawula iivekta ekujoliswe kuzo. Ezinye iindlela ezijoliswe kuzo, ezinje ngokuhlanganisa ukutshiza okuseleyo ngaphakathi kunye nokulandelela uqhagamshelwano, ziye zasebenza kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye zinokuphumelela kwezinye iindawo. Iimodeli zezibalo zinokunceda ekukhetheni amaqhinga okulawula iivekta afanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukosuleleka kwindawo nganye yendawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sovavanyo olubizayo nolunzima lwentsimi. Iziphumo zethu zibonelela ngemilinganiselo eneenkcukacha yeziphumo zendawo nezexesha zokutshiza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngomthamo ophantsi kakhulu, okunokwazisa imizamo yokumodela yenkqubo yexesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-13-2025