(Ngaphandle kwePesticides, nge-8 kaJulayi 2024) Nceda ungenise izimvo ngoLwesithathu, nge-31 kaJulayi 2024. I-Acephate sisibulali-zinambuzane esiyinxalenye yosapho lwe-organophosphate (OP) olunobuthi kakhulu kwaye sinobuthi kangangokuba i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo icebise ukuba singayivumeli ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwemithi ngokwenkqubo. Ixesha lokuphawula ngoku livuliwe, kwaye i-EPA iya kwamkela izimvo kude kube ngoLwesithathu, nge-31 kaJulayi, emva kokwandiswa komhla wokugqibela kaJulayi. Kule meko iseleyo yokusebenzisa, i-EPA ayikaqondi ukuba i-neonicotinoid yenkqubo yokusebenzaizibulali-zinambuzanekunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo ngokutyhefa izinto eziphilayo ngokungakhethiyo.
>> Thumela izimvo malunga ne-acephate kwaye uxelele i-EPA ukuba izibulali-zinambuzane akufuneki zisetyenziswe ukuba izityalo zinokuveliswa ngendlela yendalo.
I-EPA icebisa ukuyeka konke ukusetyenziswa kwe-acephate, ngaphandle kokufakwa kwemithi, ukuze kususwe zonke iingozi ezichongiweyo ezidlula inqanaba layo lokuxhalabela ukutya/amanzi okusela, iingozi zokuhlala kunye nemisebenzi, kunye neengozi zebhayoloji ezingezizo ezojoliswe kuzo. I-Beyond Pesticides iqaphele ukuba nangona indlela yokufaka imithi ingabikho mngcipheko wokutya okanye wempilo ngokubanzi, kwaye ingabikho mngcipheko wempilo yomsebenzi okanye yabantu emva kokusetyenziswa, i-arhente ayizinaki iingozi ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo. I-arhente ayivavanyi iingozi zokusingqongileyo zokusebenzisa ukufakwa kwemithi, kodwa endaweni yoko icinga ukuba oku kusetyenziswa akubeki mngcipheko mkhulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezingezizo ezojoliswe kuzo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukusetyenziswa kweenaliti zemithi kuzisa iingozi ezinkulu kwizidalwa ezithumela impova kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentaka ezingenakunciphisa kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka zifakwe ekurhoxisweni kwe-acephate.
Xa ifakwa kwimithi, izibulali-zinambuzane zifakwa ngqo kwisiqu, zifunxwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisasazwe kuyo yonke inkqubo yemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yokuba i-acephate kunye nemveliso yayo yokuqhekeka i-methamidophos zizibulali-zinambuzane ezinyibilikayo kakhulu, le khemikhali ithunyelwa kuzo zonke iindawo zomthi, kubandakanya impova, incindi, i-resin, amagqabi nokunye. Iinyosi kunye nezinye iintaka ezifana nee-hummingbirds, ii-woodpeckers, ii-sapsuckers, iidiliya, ii-nuthatches, ii-chickadees, njl. zinokuvezwa kwinkunkuma evela kwimithi efakwe i-acephate. Iinyosi azivezwa kuphela xa ziqokelela impova engcolileyo, kodwa naxa ziqokelela incindi kunye ne-resin esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-propolis ebalulekileyo yendlu yendlu. Ngokufanayo, iintaka zingavezwa kwintsalela ye-acephate/metamidophos enobuthi xa zisitya incindi yomthi engcolileyo, izinambuzane/ii-larvae ezibopha imithi, kunye nezinambuzane/ii-larvae ezitya amagqabi.
Nangona idatha ilinganiselwe, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US ifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-acephate kunokubangela umngcipheko kwiinyosi. Nangona kunjalo, iseti epheleleyo yezifundo zokusasaza i-acephate okanye i-methamidophos azikabikwa, ngoko ke akukho datha malunga nobuthi obubukhali bomlomo, obuhlala ixesha elide, okanye obuvela kwi-larva kwiinyosi zobusi; Ezi zikhewu zedatha zibonisa ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ekuvavanyeni imiphumo ye-acephate kwi-pollinators, njengoko ukuchatshazelwa kunokwahluka ngokwenqanaba lobomi kunye nobude bokuchatshazelwa (abantu abadala ngokuchasene nee-larvae kunye nobunzima obuhlala ixesha elide ngokuchasene nobohlala ixesha elide, ngokulandelanayo). Iziganeko ezimbi ezinesizathu esinokwenzeka nesinokwenzeka kunye nesiphumo, kubandakanya ukufa kweenyosi, ziye zanxulunyaniswa nokuvezwa kweenyosi kwi-acephate kunye/okanye i-methamidophos. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ukufaka i-acephate emithini akunciphisi umngcipheko kwiinyosi xa kuthelekiswa nonyango lwamagqabi, kodwa kunokunyusa ukubonakaliswa ngenxa yeedosi eziphezulu ezifakwe emthini, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa umngcipheko wobuthi. Le arhente inike ingxelo yengozi yokufunxwa kwemithi ethi, “Le mveliso inobungozi kakhulu kwiinyosi. Le ngxelo yeleyibhile ayanelanga kwaphela ukukhusela iinyosi nezinye izinto eziphilayo okanye ukubonisa ubunzulu bomngcipheko.”
Iingozi zokusebenzisa iindlela zokujova i-acetate kunye nemithi azikavavanywa ngokupheleleyo kwiintlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Ngaphambi kokuba igqibezele uphononongo lwayo lobhaliso lwe-acephate, i-EPA kufuneka igqibezele uvavanyo lweentlobo ezidwelisiweyo kunye naluphi na udliwanondlebe oluyimfuneko ne-US Fish and Wildlife Service kunye ne-National Marine Fisheries Service, ngakumbi kwiintlobo zeentaka kunye nezinambuzane ezidwelisiweyo kwaye ezi ntlobo zeentaka kunye nezinambuzane. Sebenzisa imithi ejolisiweyo ekufuneni ukutya, ekufuneni nasekubekeni iindlwane.
Ngowama-2015, iarhente yagqiba uphononongo olupheleleyo lwee-acephates eziphazamisa i-endocrine kwaye yagqiba kwelokuba akukho datha yongezelelweyo efunekayo ukuvavanya iziphumo ezinokubakho kwiindlela ze-estrogen, androgen, okanye i-thyroid ebantwini okanye kwizilwanyana zasendle. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba amandla okuphazamisa i-endocrine ye-acephate kunye nokonakala kwayo kwe-methamidophos ngeendlela ezingezizo ezilawulwa yi-receptor kunokuba yinto exhalabisayo, kwaye ke ngoko i-EPA kufuneka ihlaziye uvavanyo lwayo lomngcipheko wokuphazamisa i-endocrine ye-acephate.
Ukongeza, kuvavanyo lwayo lokusebenza kakuhle, i-Environmental Protection Agency igqibe kwelokuba inzuzo yokufakwa kwe-acetate ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezitshabalalisa imithi ngokubanzi incinci kuba zimbalwa ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo ezikhoyo kwizinambuzane ezininzi. Ke ngoko, umngcipheko omkhulu kwiinyosi nakwiintaka onxulunyaniswa nokunyanga imithi nge-acephate awuthetheleleki ngokwembono yomngcipheko-inzuzo.
> Bhala uluvo lwakho kwi-acephate uze uxelele i-EPA ukuba ukuba izityalo zingatyalwa ngendlela yendalo, akufuneki kusetyenziswe izibulali-zinambuzane.
Nangona ibeka phambili uphononongo lwezibulali-zinambuzane ze-organophosphate, i-EPA ayiphumelelanga ukuthatha inyathelo lokukhusela abo basesichengeni kakhulu kwimiphumo yazo yetyhefu yengqondo—abalimi nabantwana. Ngo-2021, i-Earthjustice kunye neminye imibutho icele i-Environmental Protection Agency ukuba isuse ubhaliso lwezi zibulali-zinambuzane ezinetyhefu kakhulu kwi-neuro. Kule ntwasahlobo, i-Consumer Reports (CR) yenze uphando olupheleleyo lwezibulali-zinambuzane kwimveliso, ifumanisa ukuba ukuvezwa kumaqela amabini amakhulu eekhemikhali—i-organophosphates kunye ne-carbamates—yeyona iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye ikwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo wesifo somhlaza, isifo seswekile kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo, i-CR icele i-Environmental Protection Agency ukuba “ithintele ukusetyenziswa kwezi zibulali-zinambuzane kwiziqhamo nakwimifuno.”
Ukongeza kwimiba engentla, i-EPA ayizange ijongane nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. I-EPA ayikwacingi ngenani labantu abasengozini, ukuchatshazelwa yimixube, kunye nokusebenzisana ngokubambisana xa ibeka amanqanaba amkelekileyo okutya. Ukongeza, izibulali-zinambuzane zingcolisa amanzi nomoya wethu, zonakalisa ulwahlulo-ntlobo lwezinto eziphilayo, zonakalisa abasebenzi basefama, kwaye zibulala iinyosi, iintaka, iintlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasendle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukutya okuphilayo okuqinisekisiweyo yi-USDA akusebenzisi izibulali-zinambuzane ezinetyhefu kwimveliso yako. Iintsalela zezibulali-zinambuzane ezifumaneka kwimveliso yendalo, ngaphandle kwezimbalwa, ziziphumo zongcoliseko lwezolimo olungenanjongo ngenxa yokukhukhuleka kwezibulali-zinambuzane, ungcoliseko lwamanzi, okanye iintsalela zomhlaba ezingasemva. Ayikuko nje kuphela ukuba imveliso yokutya okuphilayo ingcono kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo kunemveliso esebenzisa iikhemikhali ezininzi, isayensi yamva nje ikwatyhila oko abaxhasi bezinto eziphilayo bebesoloko bekuthetha: ukutya okuphilayo kungcono, ukongeza ekubeni akunazo iintsalela ezinetyhefu ezivela kwiimveliso zokutya eziqhelekileyo. Kunesondlo kwaye akutyhefi abantu okanye kungcolise uluntu apho kutya kukhuliswa khona.
Uphando olupapashwe yi-Organic Center lubonisa ukuba ukutya okuphilayo kuphezulu kwiindawo ezithile ezibalulekileyo, njengomthamo we-antioxidant iyonke, ii-polyphenols iyonke, kunye nee-flavonoids ezimbini eziphambili, i-quercetin kunye ne-kaempferol, zonke ezinenzuzo yesondlo. I-Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry ihlolisise ngokukodwa umxholo we-phenolic wee-blueberries, ii-strawberries, kunye nombona kwaye yafumanisa ukuba ukutya okukhuliswe ngokwe-organic kuqulethe umxholo ophezulu we-phenolic iyonke. Ii-phenolic compounds zibalulekile kwimpilo yezityalo (ukhuseleko kwizinambuzane nezifo) kunye nempilo yabantu kuba "zinomsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweempawu ze-pharmacological, kubandakanya umhlaza, i-antioxidant, kunye nomsebenzi wokuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kweeplatelet."
Ngenxa yeenzuzo zemveliso yendalo, i-EPA kufuneka isebenzise imveliso yendalo njengenqobo xa ivavanya iingozi kunye neenzuzo zezibulali zinambuzane. Ukuba izityalo zinokutyalwa ngendlela yendalo, izibulali zinambuzane akufuneki zisetyenziswe.
>> Bhala uluvo lwakho kwi-acephate uze uxelele i-EPA ukuba ukuba isityalo singakhuliswa ngendlela yendalo, akufuneki kusetyenziswe izibulali-zinambuzane.
Olu ngeniso lupapashwe ngoMvulo, umhla wesi-8 kweyeKhala, ngowama-2024 ngentsimbi ye-12:01 emva kwemini kwaye lufakwe phantsi kwe-Acephate, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (i-EPA), iThatha iNto, engahlelwanga. Ungalandela iimpendulo kolu ngeniso nge-RSS 2.0 feed. Ungatsiba uye esiphelweni uze ushiye impendulo. I-Ping ayivumelekanga okwangoku.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-15-2024