(Ngaphandle kwamayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, Julayi 8, 2024) Nceda ungenise amagqabantshintshi ngoLwesithathu, Julayi 31, 2024. I-Acephalate sisibulali-zinambuzane esiphuma kusapho lwe-organophosphate (OP) enetyhefu kakhulu kwaye siyityhefu kangangokuba i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo icebise ukuba ingavunyelwa ngaphandle kokuba ulawulo olucwangcisiweyo kwimithi.Ixesha lokuphawula ngoku livuliwe, kwaye i-EPA iya kwamkela izimvo kude kube ngoLwesithathu, ngoJulayi 31, emva kokwandiswa komhla wokugqibela kaJulayi.Kule meko yokusetyenziswa eseleyo, i-EPA ihlala ingazi ukuba i-systemic neonicotinoidizibulali zinambuzanekunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kokusingqongileyo kwi-ikhosistim ngokufaka ityhefu ngokungakhethiyo kwizinto eziphilayo.
>> Thumela izimvo malunga ne-acephate kwaye uxelele i-EPA ukuba amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi akufuneki asetyenziswe ukuba izityalo zinokuveliswa ngokwemvelo.
I-EPA icebisa ukuba iyekwe konke ukusetyenziswa kwe-acephate, ngaphandle kokutofwa kwemithi, ukuphelisa yonke imingcipheko eyichongileyo edlula inqanaba layo lokuxhalaba ngokutya/amanzi okusela, iingozi zokuhlala kunye neengozi zomsebenzi, kunye neengozi zebhayoloji ekujoliswe kuzo.imingcipheko.Ngaphandle kwePesticides kuphawulwe ukuba ngelixa indlela yokutofa komthi ayibangeli umngcipheko wokutya okugqithisileyo okanye umngcipheko wezempilo jikelele, kwaye ayifaki nayiphi na ingozi emsebenzini okanye kwimpilo yabantu emva kokusetyenziswa, i-arhente ayihoyi imingcipheko ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo.I-arhente ayivavanyi imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo yokusebenzisa i-injection yomthi, kodwa kunoko ithatha ukuba oku kusetyenziswa akubangeli umngcipheko omkhulu kwizinto ezingajoliswanga.Ngokwahlukileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwesitofu somthi kubeka imingcipheko enzulu kwi-pollinators kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentaka ezingenako ukuncitshiswa kwaye kufuneka ke ngoko zibandakanywe ekurhoxisweni kwe-acephate.
Xa ifakwe kwimithi, i-pesticides ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-trunk, ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasazwe kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-vascular.Ngenxa yokuba i-acephate kunye nemveliso yayo yokuqhekeka i-methamidophos zizibulali-zinambuzane ezinyibilikayo kakhulu, le khemikhali ihanjiswa kuzo zonke iindawo zomthi, kubandakanya umungu, incindi, intlaka, amagqabi nokunye.Iinyosi kunye nezinye iintaka ezifana ne-hummingbirds, i-woodpeckers, i-sapsuckers, iidiliya, i-nuthatches, i-chickadees, njl njl.Iinyosi azivezwa kuphela xa ziqokelela umungu ongcolisekileyo, kodwa naxa ziqokelela incindi kunye nentlaka esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ipropolis ebalulekileyo yesidleke.Ngokunjalo, iintaka zinokuchanabeka kwiintsalela ezinetyhefu ye-acephate/metamidophos xa zisitya incindi yomthi engcolisekileyo, izinambuzane/imibungu ebhodla iinkuni, kunye nezinambuzane/imibungu edla amagqabi.
Nangona idatha ilinganiselwe, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US inqume ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-acephalate kunokubeka ingozi kwiinyosi.Nangona kunjalo, iseti epheleleyo yezifundo ze-pollinator kwi-acephate okanye i-methamidophos ayizange ixelwe, ngoko ke akukho datha kwi-acute yomlomo, ekhulile engapheliyo, okanye i-larval toxicity kwiinyosi zobusi;Ezi zithuba zedatha zibonakalisa ukungaqiniseki okubalulekileyo ekuhloleni imiphumo ye-acephate kwi-pollinators, njengoko ukuchaphazeleka kunokwahluka ngokwenqanaba lobomi kunye nobude bexesha lokuvezwa (abadala ngokuchasene nemibungu kunye ne-acute versus chronic, ngokulandelanayo).Iziganeko ezibi kunye nesizathu esinokwenzeka kunye nesiphumo kunye nesiphumo, kubandakanywa nokufa kweenyosi, zidibaniswe nokuvezwa kweenyosi kwi-acephate kunye / okanye i-methamidophos.Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ukutofa i-acephate emithini akuwehlisi umngcipheko kwiinyosi xa kuthelekiswa nonyango lwamagqabi, kodwa kunokonyusa utyhileko xa kujongwa iidosi eziphezulu ezitofelwe emthini, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa umngcipheko wetyhefu.I-arhente ibonelele ngengxelo yengozi ye-pollinator yenaliti yomthi eyathi, "Le mveliso inetyhefu kakhulu kwiinyosi.Le ngxelo ileyibhile ayinelanga kwaphela ukukhusela iinyosi nezinye izinto eziphilayo okanye ukubonakalisa ubunzulu bomngcipheko.”
Imingcipheko yokusebenzisa i-acetate kunye neendlela zokutofa kwemithi ayikavavanywa ngokupheleleyo malunga neentlobo ezisengozini yokuphela.Phambi kokugqiba uphononongo lwayo lobhaliso lwe-acephalate, i-EPA kufuneka igqibe uhlolo lweentlobo ezidwelisiweyo kunye naluphi na udliwano-ndlebe oluyimfuneko kunye neNkonzo yase-US yeentlanzi kunye ne-Wildlife Service kunye ne-National Marine Fisheries Service, ngokuqwalasela ngokukodwa kwiintlobo zeentaka kunye nezinambuzane ezidweliswe kunye nezi ntlobo zeentaka kunye nezinambuzane. .sebenzisa imithi etofwayo ekufuneni ukutya, ukutya kunye neenjongo zokuzalela.
Kwi-2015, i-arhente igqibe ukuphononongwa ngokubanzi kwe-endocrine disruptor acephates kwaye yagqiba ukuba akukho datha eyongezelelweyo efunekayo ukuvavanya imiphumo enokubakho kwi-estrogen, i-androgen, okanye i-thyroid pathways kubantu okanye kwizilwanyana zasendle.Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olutshanje lubonisa ukuba i-endocrine ephazamisa amandla e-acephate kunye nokuthotywa kwayo kwe-methamidophos ngeendlela ezingenayo i-receptor-mediated inokuba yinkxalabo, ngoko ke i-EPA kufuneka ihlaziye ukuhlolwa kwayo kwe-endocrine ephazamisa umngcipheko we-acephate.
Ukongezelela, ekuvavanyeni kwayo ukusebenza kakuhle, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yagqiba ukuba inzuzo yenaliti ye-acetate ekulawuleni izitshabalalisi zemithi ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci kuba zimbalwa ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo ezikhoyo kwiinambuzane ezininzi.Ngaloo ndlela, umngcipheko ophezulu kwiinyosi kunye neentaka ezinxulumene nokunyanga imithi nge-acephalate ayifanelekanga kumbono womngcipheko-inzuzo.
> Thumela uluvo lwakho nge-acephate kwaye uxelele i-EPA ukuba ukuba izityalo zinokulinywa ngokwemvelo, amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi akufunekanga asetyenziswe.
Phezu kwako nje ukubeka phambili ukuphononongwa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ze-organophosphate, i-EPA iye yasilela ekuthabatheni amanyathelo okukhusela abo basengozini kakhulu kwimiphumo yabo ye-neurotoxic—amafama nabantwana.Ngo-2021, i-Earthjustice kunye neminye imibutho yacela i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo ukuba izicime ezi zibulali zinambuzane ziyingozi kakhulu.Le ntwasahlobo, iiNgxelo zabaThengi (CR) zenze uphando olubanzi kakhulu okwangoku lwezitshabalalisi kwimveliso, ukufumanisa ukuba ukuvezwa kumaqela amabini amakhulu ekhemikhali-organophosphates kunye ne-carbamates-yeyona iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye inxulumene nomngcipheko wokwanda komhlaza, isifo sikashukela kunye isifo sentliziyo.isifo.Ngokusekwe kwezi ziphumo, uCR wacela iArhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo ukuba “ivale ukusetyenziswa kwezi zibulali-zinambuzane kwiziqhamo nemifuno.”
Ukongeza kule miba ingentla, i-EPA ayizange ijongane nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine.I-EPA nayo ayibathatheli ngqalelo abantu abasesichengeni, ukuba sesichengeni kwimixube, kunye nentsebenziswano xa kumiselwa amanqanaba amkelekileyo entsalela yokutya.Ukongezelela, izibulali-zinambuzane zingcolisa amanzi nomoya wethu, zonakalisa izinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo, zenzakalisa abasebenzi basezifama yaye zibulala iinyosi, iintaka, iintlanzi nezinye izilwanyana zasendle.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-USDA-certified organic food ayisebenzisi i-pesticides enetyhefu kwimveliso yayo.Iintsalela zezitshabalalisi ezifunyenwe kwimveliso yendalo, ngaphandle kokukhetha okumbalwa, zisisiphumo sokungcoliseka kwezolimo okungajoliswanga ngenxa yokukhukuliseka kwezibulali-zinambuzane, ukungcoliseka kwamanzi, okanye iintsalela zomhlaba.Ayisiyiyo kuphela imveliso yokutya ye-organic engcono kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kunemveliso yekhemikhali, isayensi yamva nje ityhila oko abaxhasi bezinto eziphilayo kudala besithi: ukutya okuphilayo kungcono, ukongeza ekubeni akuqulathanga iintsalela ezinetyhefu ezivela kukutya okuqhelekileyo. iimveliso.Inezondlo kwaye ayityhefa abantu okanye ingcolise uluntu apho kulinywa khona ukutya.“
Uphando olupapashwe yi-Organic Centre lubonisa ukuba ukutya kwe-organic amanqaku aphezulu kwiindawo ezithile eziphambili, ezifana ne-antioxidant umthamo, i-polyphenols iyonke, kunye ne-flavonoids ezimbini eziphambili, i-quercetin kunye ne- kaempferol, zonke zineenzuzo zesondlo.Ijenali yeKhemistry yokutya kwezoLimo ivavanye ngokuthe ngqo umxholo opheleleyo we-phenolic wamaqunube, amaqunube, kunye nombona kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ukutya okukhuliswe ngokwendalo kuqulathe umxholo ophakamileyo wephenolic.Iikhompawundi ze-Phenolic zibalulekile kwimpilo yezityalo (ukukhusela izinambuzane kunye nezifo) kunye nempilo yabantu ngenxa yokuba "zinomsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweepropathi ze-pharmacological, ezibandakanya i-anticancer, i-antioxidant, kunye ne-platelet aggregation inhibitory function."
Ukunikezelwa kweenzuzo zemveliso ye-organic, i-EPA kufuneka isebenzise imveliso ye-organic njengomlinganiselo xa ulinganisa umngcipheko kunye noncedo lwezitshabalalisi.Ukuba izityalo zinokulinywa ngokwemvelo, amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi akufuneki asetyenziswe.“
>> Thumela uluvo malunga ne-acephate kwaye uxelele i-EPA ukuba ukuba isityalo sinokulinywa ngokwemvelo, izibulali-zinambuzane akufanele zisetyenziswe.
Oku kungena kufakwe ngoMvulo, Julayi 8, 2024 ngo-12: 01 pm kwaye ifakwe phantsi kwe-Acephate, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA), Thatha iNyathelo, i-Uncategorized.Ungalandela iimpendulo kolu ngeno nge RSS 2.0 feed.Ungatsiba uye ekupheleni kwaye ushiye impendulo.I-Ping ayivumelekanga ngeli xesha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2024