I-Fluoxapyr yi-carboxamideisibulali-zinambuzaneyaphuhliswa yi-BASF. Inemisebenzi emihle yokuthintela neyonyango. Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela nokulawula izifo zefungus ezibanzi, ubuncinane iintlobo ezingama-26 zezifo zefungus. Ingasetyenziselwa izityalo eziphantse zibe li-100, ezifana nezityalo zeenkozo, iimbotyi, izityalo zeoyile, amandongomane, imithi yeziqhamo zepome kunye nelitye, imifuno yeengcambu kunye neetyhubhu, imifuno yeziqhamo kunye nonyango lomqhaphu, amagqabi okanye imbewu. I-Fluoxafenamide sisithinteli se-succinate dehydrogenase kwaye sisibulali-zinambuzane esibalaseleyo esaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Iipropati ze-physicochemical ze-fluconazole
Igama leKhemikhali leFluconazole: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; Inombolo yeCAS: 907204-31-3, Ifomula yeMolekyuli: C18H12F5N3O. Ubunzima beMolekyuli: 381.31 g/mol.I-Fluoxapyr (ubumsulwa obuyi-99.3%) iqinile ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya ku-beige, ayinavumba, inqanaba lokunyibilika liyi-156.8℃, uxinano oluhambelanayo (20℃) yi-1.42 g/mL, ibola malunga ne-230℃, uxinzelelo lomphunga (oluqikelelweyo): 2.7×10-9 Pa (20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); i-Henry's constant: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Ukunyibilika (20℃): amanzi 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); isinyibilikisi sendalo (ubumsulwa bobuchwephesha 99.2) %) (g/L, 20℃): i-acetone>250, i-acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, i-dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, i-ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, i-methanol 53.4±0.0, i-toluene 20.0±0.0, i-n-octanol 4.69±0.1, i-n-heptane 0.106±0.001. i-coefficient yokwahlulahlula amanzi e-n-octanol (20°C): i-deionized water log Kow 3.08, i-log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), i-log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), i-log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), i-avareji ye-log Kow (3.10±0.02). Izinzile kwisisombululo samanzi kwi-pH 4, 5, 7, 9 phantsi kweemeko ezimnyama nezingenazintsholongwane. Ukukhanya kuzinzile.
Ubuthi beFluoxafen
Ubuthi obubukhali bomlomo kwiimpuku (ezibhinqileyo) beyeza lokuqala le-fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, ubuthi obubukhali besikhumba kwiimpuku (ezingamadoda nezibhinqileyo): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, ubuthi obubukhali bokuphefumla kwiimpuku (ezingamadoda nezibhinqileyo): LC50＞5.1 mg/L; ukurhawuzelelwa okuncinci emehlweni omvundla nakwisikhumba somvundla; akukho kuvakalelwa kulusu lwengulube ye-guinea. Akukho umhlaza, akukho teratogenicity, akukho miphumo mibi ekuzaleni, akukho tyhefu ye-geno, ubuthi be-neurotoxicity kunye ne-immunotoxicity.
Ubuthi obuyingozi kwiintaka LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, ubuthi obuyingozi kwiDaphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 h), ubuthi obuyingozi kwintlanzi (96 h) LC50 0.546 mg/L, ubuthi obuyingozi kwizilwanyana ezingenamqolo zasemanzini (48 h) ) EC50 6.78 mg/L, ubuthi obuyingozi kwi-algae (72 h) EC50 0.70 mg/L, ubuthi obuyingozi kwiinyosi (48 h) LD50>100 μg/inyosi, ubuthi obuyingozi emlonyeni kwiinyosi (48 h) LD50>110.9 μg/inyosi, ubuthi obuyingozi kwimibungu yomhlaba yiLC50>1,000 mg/kg (iintsuku ezili-14). Ukusuka kwidatha engentla, kunokubonwa ukuba iFluoxafen inetyhefu kwizidalwa zasemanzini kwaye inetyhefu encinci kwezinye izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo.
Indlela yokusebenza kwe-fluoxafen
I-Fluoxafenamide sisithinteli se-succinate dehydrogenase, esisebenza kwi-succinate dehydrogenase kwi-mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II ukuthintela umsebenzi wayo, ngaloo ndlela sithintela ukuhluma kwe-fungus pathogen spores, ukukhula kweetyhubhu zentsholongwane kunye ne-mycelium.
Izinto zokulawula iFluconazole
I-Fluoxamid isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ine-spectrum ebanzi, ihlala ixesha elide, iyakhetha, inomoya ohamba kakuhle emzimbeni, kwaye iyamelana nokukhukuliseka kwemvula. Ingalawula ngokufanelekileyo ukutya okuziinkozo, iisoya, umbona, imbewu yerapeseed, imithi yeziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neebhithi zeswekile ngonyango lwamagqabi kunye nembewu. , amandongomane, umqhaphu, ingca kunye nezityalo ezikhethekileyo, njl.njl., ezifana neenkozo, iisoya, imithi yeziqhamo kunye nemifuno ebangelwa yiConcha, iBotrytis cinerea, iPowdery mildew, iCercospora, iPuccinia, iRhizoctonia, iSclerotium Izifo ezibangelwa yi-cavity fungi, i-botrytis cinerea, umhlwa, i-powdery mildew yemidumba, i-cotton blight, i-sunflower kunye nezifo zerapeseed ezibangelwa yi-Alternaria, njl.njl. Ibhaliselwe ukusetyenziswa kwizityalo ezingaphezu kwama-70 ngo-2015, i-BASF ijolise ekubhaliseleni ukusetyenziswa kwizityalo ezingaphezu kwe-100.
I-Fluoxafen iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nezimo, kwaye kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ezidityanisiweyo. I-Adexar (i-fluconazole + epoxiconazole) isetyenziswa kwingqolowa, ibhali, i-triticale, i-rye kunye ne-oats ukulawula i-powdery mildew, i-leaf blight, i-glume blight, i-stripe rust kunye ne-leaf rust. I-Priaxor (i-flufenapyr + i-pyraclostrobin) ibhaliswe e-United States kwiimbotyi zesoya, iitumato, iitapile kunye nezinye izityalo zasemasimini, kwaye inefuthe elikhethekileyo ekulawuleni i-soya brown spot (i-Septoria glycines); I-Orkestra SC (i-flufenapyr + i-Pyraclostrobin) ibhaliswe eBrazil kwiimbotyi zesoya, i-citrus, iitapile, i-anyanisi, iminqathe, ii-apile, iimango, ii-melon, iikhukhamba, iipepile zentsimbi, iitumato, i-canola, ii-peanuts, iimbotyi zezintso, ii-sunflower, i-sorghum, umbona, ingqolowa kunye neentyatyambo (i-Chrysanthemum kunye ne-rose), njl.njl., inokulawula i-Asian soya rust, iphucule i-photosynthesis yezityalo, kwaye isetyenziswe kulawulo lokumelana nezifo. I-Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) ibhalisiwe eMelika ukuthintela nokulawula amabala angwevu eembotyi zesoya angamelaniyo ne-methoxyacrylate fungicides. I-arhente yonyango lwembewu i-Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) ibhalisiwe eMelika kwaye inokulawula iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo zezithole ezinganyangekiyo kwizityalo ezininzi.
Iifungicides ze-succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye i-fluoxamid yeyona mveliso iphambili yolu hlobo lweefungicides, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, ububanzi bayo, umsebenzi wayo wenkqubo, ofanelekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ngokukodwa, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweemveliso zayo ezidityanisiweyo luye lwandisa ububanzi bolawulo kunye nobubanzi bezityalo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye luye lwaba yiperile eqaqambileyo kwimarike yefungicides.
Ixesha lokuposa: Julayi-18-2022