Iindlela Zokusebenzisa i-Ethephon Kwimithi Eyahlukeneyo Yeziqhamo

I-Ethephoninemiphumo emininzi yempilo kwizityalo, njengokuthintela ukukhula, ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo kunye nokudubula kwazo, ukulawula isini seentyatyambo, ukukhuthaza ukuqunjelwa kwamalungu omzimba, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwabangela iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo ze-biochemical.

1. Ukukhuthaza Ukuqhakaza Kweentyatyambo

I-Ethephoninokunyusa umsebenzi we-indole acetic acid oxidase kwizityalo, ilibazise ukwenziwa kwe-IAA, inciphise amanqanaba e-IAA kwizityalo, kwaye ithintele imisebenzi yeii-gibberellinskunye nee-cytokinins. Oku kunceda ekufezekiseni injongo yokuthintela ukukhula kweencam zamasebe kunye nokukhuthaza ukwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo. Ngexesha lokwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo, ukuba ukukhula kwezityalo kugqithisile okanye akuyeki, kuya kuyichaphazela kakhulu ukwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo. Ngokunyanga nge-Ethephon, kunokuthintela ukukhula kwamasebe amatsha emithi yeziqhamo okanye kubangele ukuba amasebe amatsha abune aze afe, okuqinisekisa inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo.

I-Ethephon isetyenziswa kwimithi yeziqhamo efana ne-lychee, i-longan, i-apile, i-mango, kunye ne-green plum, kwaye iziphumo zibaluleke kakhulu. I-Ethephon inefuthe elikhulu lokuthintela okanye lokubulala ekukhuleni kwamahlumela asebusika e-lychee kunye ne-longan. Xa isetyenziswa kunye ne-paclobutrazol kunye ne-amino acids, inokuthintela kakhulu ukukhula kwamahlumela asebusika kwaye ikhuthaze ukwanda kobukhulu bamasebe. Xa idityaniswe nezinye izilawuli zezityalo okanye amanyathelo okulima, i-ethylenei inefuthe elihle kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuqhakaza kwee-apile. Umzekelo, i-40% ye-Ethephon kuxinzelelo lwamaxesha angama-400 + 85% ye-B9 kuxinzelelo lwamaxesha angama-400 + unyango lwe-ring-barking kwi-apile ze-Red Fuji lunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha, luphucule amandla esityalo okudubula, kwaye lonyuse kakhulu ubunzima besiqhamo esinye kunye nesivuno.

Unyango lwe-ethephon kwimithi yeziqhamo efana nemango, i-green plum, kunye ne-kiwi lunciphisa ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha. Emva konyango lweentsuku ezisi-7-10, amahlumela amatsha e-green plum kunye ne-kiwi ayafa, akhuthaze ukudubula, anyuse izinga lokubekwa kweziqhamo, kwaye anyuse isivuno. Unyango lwe-ethephon kwi-kiwi lubangela ukuba isiqhamo sibe sithe tyaba, ukuncipha okukhulu kwenani leziqhamo, kwaye i-ethylenei, nokuba isetyenziswa yodwa okanye ixutywe ne-B9 okanye i-PP333, inefuthe lokukhuthaza ukunqunyulwa kweziqhamo ezincinci, inciphise kakhulu ubulukhuni beziqhamo kwaye ibe nefuthe lokuvuthwa. Isiphumo se-Ethephon kwibhanana sahlukile kweso seminye imithi yeziqhamo. Inokunyusa inani lee-suckers ezifunxwa yibhanana, inciphise ukunqongophala kweziqhamo kunye ne-index yeziqhamo, okubangela ukuncipha kwesivuno.

II. Ukuthintela "Ukukhula Okugqithisileyo"

Zombini ii-lychee kunye ne-longan ziintyatyambo ezixutyiweyo. Xa ziqala ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo kwaye zidibana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, isiganeko "sokukhula kakhulu" sihlala sisenzeka. Ingakumbi kwi-longan, ukuba "ukukhula kakhulu" kwenzeka, kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho weentyatyambo kunye nesivuno. Ngokunyanga i-lychee kunye ne-longan nge-Ethephon, ukukhula kwamagqabi amancinci kwiintyatyambo zeentyantyambo kunokuthintelwa, kwaye iintyatyambo zeentyantyambo ezicocekileyo zinokuveliswa. Ngophando lovavanyo lokutshiza i-Ethephon kwi-lychee yamagqabi amnyama, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ubumsulwa beentyatyambo zeentyantyambo kunye nenani eliqhelekileyo leziqhamo nge-spike nganye buyanda. Uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lwe-ethylene yi-200-250 mg/L. Xa kutshizwa i-250-300 mg/L i-Ethephon kwi-longan xa ihlumelo likhula nge-5-8 cm, iluncedo ekuhlukaniseni imo yeentyantyambo zeentyantyambo kwaye inokuthintela "ukukhula kakhulu", okubangela iintyatyambo zeentyantyambo eziqhelekileyo.

Xa usebenzisa i-Ethephon ukunyanga amagqabi amancinci kwiingcambu zeentyatyambo, ukuba uxinaniso alufanelekanga, ludla ngokubangela ukuwa kweentyatyambo. Kolu vavanyo, kufunyenwe ukuba utshintsho kubushushu kunye nokufuma ngexesha lokuhluma kwe-lychee kunye ne-longan luya kuchaphazela isiphumo se-Ethephon. Entwasahlobo enobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu, uxinaniso lwe-Ethephon lokuthintela "ukukhula okugqithisileyo" yi-250 mg/L; kodwa entwasahlobo enobushushu obuphezulu kunye nembalela, uxinaniso lwe-Ethephon lokuthintela "ukukhula okugqithisileyo" yi-150 mg/L, nto leyo esabangela ukuwa kweentyatyambo, kwaye isiphumo siyafana kwi-lychee kunye ne-longan.

III. Ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa

I-hormone ye-Ethephon inokukhawulezisa ukubola kwe-chlorophyll, ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwee-anthocyanins, kwaye ibangele ukuba ulusu lwesiqhamo lube nombala, ngaloo ndlela ikhawulezise inkqubo yokuvuthwa. Ukutshiza i-hormone ye-Ethephon engama-200mg/L kwiintsuku ezingama-50 emva kokuqhakaza ngokupheleleyo kwesiqhamo se-“Fisher's Smile” kunokuphucula kakhulu amandla okwenza i-anthocyanins, okwenza umbala wesiqhamo ube mhle kwangoko, kwindawo yokufaka umbala eyi-61%. I-hormone ye-Ethephon inefuthe elithile ekuphuculeni umbala kunye nokuvuthwa kwee-cherry ezinkulu, kodwa isiphumo sayo siphantsi kancinci xa kuthelekiswa nonyango lwe-borax + gibberellin. Ukunyanga ii-cherry ezimnandi zaseYurophu nge-30mg/L i-hormone ye-Ethephon kunokwenza isiqhamo sivuthwe kwiintsuku ezili-1-2 ngaphambili. Ukutshiza i-hormone ye-Ethephon engama-500-1000mg/L kwiiveki ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwendalo kwee-persimmon kunokukhuthaza inkqubo yokuvuthwa, okwenza isiqhamo sivuthwe ngeveki e-1 ngaphambili ngaphandle kokunciphisa umgangatho wesiqhamo. Emva konyango lwe-ethylene hormone, akukho mpembelelo ibalulekileyo kwizinto ezinyibilikayo, i-vitamin C, kunye nobukhulu beziqhamo, kodwa kukho ukuthambekela kokunciphisa umxholo we-titratable acid.

IV. Ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa

Ngexesha lokuthengiswa kweziqhamo ezintsha, ukwandisa ixesha lokuphelelwa, i-Ethephon isetyenziswa kakhulu ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Emva kokuba iziqhamo ziphathwe nge-Ethephon, umbala wazo kunye nencasa yazo zingcono, kodwa ugxininiso lokusetyenziswa kufuneka luqatshelwe. Xa iimango zigcinwa kwigumbi elibandayo kwi-25-28℃ emva kokunyangwa nge-200 okanye i-400mg/L Ethephon, iimpawu zokuvuthwa kweemango zilungile. Nangona kunjalo, xa ziphathwa nge-600mg/L Ethephon, uninzi lwenyama yesiqhamo i-Ethephon iyavuza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izicubu zenyama yesiqhamo ziwohloke.