Imakethi yehlabathi yezibulali zinambuzane ibone ukukhula okubonakalayo njengoko ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunyuka kwaye abantu beyazi ngakumbi impilo kunye nococeko. Ukuxhaphaka okuxhaphakileyo kwezifo ezithwalwa zizifo ezifana ne-dengue fever kunye nemalariya kuye kwanyusa imfuno yezibulali-zinambuzane zasemakhaya kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngokomzekelo, iWorld Health Organization yanikela ingxelo yokuba kuye kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba kulo nyaka uphelileyo abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 benesifo seengcongconi ehlabathini lonke, ibalaselisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokulawula izibulali-zinambuzane. Ukongezelela, njengoko iingxaki zezinambuzane zisanda, inani lamakhaya asebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane liye landa kakhulu, yaye kuthengiswe iiyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-1.5 lebhiliyoni ehlabathini lonke kulo nyaka uphelileyo kuphela. Oku kukhula kukwaqhutywa ludidi oluphakathi olukhulayo, oluqhuba ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zemihla ngemihla ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi.
Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha kunye nezinto ezintsha zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imarike yasekhaya yezibulali-zinambuzane. Ukwaziswa kwezitshabalalisi ezilungele indalo nezingenabungozi kangako kutsale abathengi abakhathalele indalo. Umzekelo, izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane ezisekwe kwizityalo ziye zafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu, ngaphezulu kweemveliso ezintsha ezingama-50 ezikhukula kwintengiso kwaye zingena kubathengisi abakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakuMntla Merika. Ukongeza, izisombululo ze-smart insecticidal ezifana ne-automatic mosquito trap ziya ngokuya zithandwa, kunye neentengiso zehlabathi ezidlula i-10 yezigidi zeeyunithi kunyaka ophelileyo. Umzi-mveliso we-e-commerce nawo unefuthe elimandla kuguquguquko lwentengiso, kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-intanethi yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya ezikhula nge-20%, nto leyo eyenza ibe lijelo elibalulekileyo lokusasaza.
Ngokwembono yengingqi, iAsia Pacific iyaqhubeka ukuba yeyona ntengiso iphambili yezibulali zinambuzane zasekhaya, iqhutywa luluntu oluninzi lommandla kunye nokwazisa okukhulayo ngothintelo lwezifo. Lo mmandla ubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-40% yesabelo semarike sisonke, kunye ne-Indiya ne-China ngabona bathengi bakhulu. Ngeli xesha, iLatin America iye yavela njengemakethi ekhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye neBrazil ibona ukukhula okubonakalayo kwimfuno njengoko iqhubeka nokulwa nezifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi. Imarike ikwabone ukwanda kwabavelisi balapha ekhaya, kunye neenkampani ezintsha ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezingene kushishino kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zinto zalatha kwindlela yokukhula olomeleleyo kwimakethi yesitshabalalisi sasekhaya, eqhutywa kukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, iyantlukwano yengingqi kwimfuno, kunye nokutshintsha izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi.
Ii-oyile eziBalulekileyo: Ukubophelela amandla eNdalo ukuguqula amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi zaseKhaya abe liKamva eliKhuselekileyo neliluhlaza.
Imakethi yasekhaya yezibulali zinambuzane ifumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo olusingise kwizisombululo zendalo kunye ne-eco-friendly, kunye neeoyile ezibalulekileyo eziye zibe zezona zithako zikhethwayo. Lo mkhwa uqhutywa kukuba abathengi baye baqonda ngakumbi impilo kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zeekhemikhali zokwenziwa ezisetyenziswa kwizibulali-zinambuzane eziqhelekileyo. I-oyile ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-lemongrass, i-neem, kunye ne-eucalyptus zaziwa ngeempawu ezisebenzayo zokugxotha, zizenza enye indlela enomtsalane. Imakethi yehlabathi ye-oyile ye-pesticides ebalulekileyo kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-1.2 yezigidigidi zeedola ngo-2023, ibonisa ukuthanda kwabantu okukhulayo kwiimveliso zendalo. Imfuno yezinto ezibulala izinambuzane ezisekelwe kwi-oyile ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini ziye zanda kakhulu, kunye neentengiso zehlabathi zifikelela kwi-150 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ebonisa ukutshintsha kwezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi kwiizisombululo ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo. Ukongeza, ngaphezulu kwe-500 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika kutyalwe kuphando lwe-oyile ebalulekileyo kunye noqulunqo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuzibophelela kweshishini ekwenzeni izinto ezintsha nokhuseleko.
Isibongozo seoyile efunekayo kwimarike yesibulali zinambuzane siphuculwa ngakumbi njengoko zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanya ivumba elimnandi kunye neempawu ezingenatyhefu, ezihambelana nendlela yokuphila yabathengi bale mihla. Ngo-2023, amakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 kuMntla Merika kuphela aya kutshintshela kwizibulali-zinambuzane ezibalulekileyo ezisekwe kwi-oyile. Umthengisi omkhulu ubike ukunyuka kwe-20% kwindawo yeshelufu yezi mveliso, egxininisa isabelo sayo semarike esikhulayo. Ukongeza, amandla okuvelisa isibulali-zinambuzane esekwe kwi-oyile kwindawo yase-Asia Pacific anyuke nge-30%, eqhutywa kukunyuka kwemfuno yabathengi kunye nenkxaso yolawulo efanelekileyo. Amaqonga e-Intanethi nawo adlale indima ephambili, ngaphezulu kwe-500,000 yamayeza okubulala izinambuzane e-oyile abalulekileyo aqaliswe kunyaka ophelileyo. Njengoko imakethi iqhubeka nokuvela, ii-oyile ezibalulekileyo zilungele ukulawula icandelo lokubulala izinambuzane zasekhaya ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokulungelelana nokutshintsha kwehlabathi kwizisombululo zokuphila eziluhlaza.
I-Synthetic pesticides i-akhawunti ye-56% yemarike: ikhokelela ekulawuleni izinambuzane zehlabathi enkosi ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nokuthembana kwabathengi.
Imakethi yasekhaya yezibulali-zinambuzane ifumana ukukhula okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kwimfuno yezibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo, eziqhutywa kukusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo. Le mfuno iqhutywa zizinto ezininzi eziphambili, kubandakanywa ukukwazi kwabo ukubulala ngokukhawuleza iindidi zezinambuzane kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide olunokuthi ezinye iindlela zendalo zingakwazi. Ngokucacileyo, izibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo ezifana ne-pyrethroids, i-organophosphates, kunye ne-carbamates ziye zaba zezona zibalulekileyo zasekhaya, ngaphezulu kwe-3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi ezithengisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela kunyaka ophelileyo kuphela. Ezi mveliso zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo zazo ezikhawulezayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo zasezidolophini apho ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane zixhaphake kakhulu. Ukuhlangabezana nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, ishishini landise amandla alo okuvelisa, kunye nezityalo ezingaphezu kwama-400 ezenza umhlaba wonke ezigxile ekuveliseni izibulali-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, ziqinisekisa ukubonelela ngekhonkco elizinzileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kubathengi.
Kwihlabathi jikelele, impendulo kwimakethi yokwenziwa kwezibulali zinambuzane yasekhaya ibintle, kumazwe anje nge-US kunye ne-China ekhokela imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye nemveliso yonyaka engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-50 zeeyunithi. Ukongeza, umzi-mveliso wokwenziwa kwezibulali-zinambuzane wasekhaya ubone utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwe-R&D kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngaphezulu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa imixube ekhuselekileyo nengenabungozi kokusingqongileyo. Uphuhliso oluphambili lubandakanya ukuqaliswa kwezitshabalalisi zokwenziwa ze-biodegradable synthetic, ezinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, utshintsho lweshishini kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezihlakaniphile, ezinjengezikhongozeli ezinganyangekiyo kubantwana kunye ne-eco-friendly, zibonisa ukuzibophelela kukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye nozinzo. Olu tshintsho lukhulise ukukhula kwemarike, kunye neshishini lokwenziwa kwezibulali zinambuzane ekulindeleke ukuba livelise ingeniso eyongezelelweyo eyi-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Njengoko ezi mveliso ziqhubeka nokulawula imarike, ukudityaniswa kwazo kwizicwangciso ezidityanisiweyo zokulawula izinambuzane kuqaqambisa indima yazo ebalulekileyo kukhathalelo lwangoku lwasekhaya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zilukhetho lokuqala kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela.
Imfuno yezinambuzane ezitshabalalisa iingcongconi kwimarike yasekhaya yezinambuzane ikhula ikakhulu ngenxa yesidingo esingxamisekileyo sokulwa nezifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi, ezibeka isoyikiso esikhulu kwimpilo yehlabathi. Iingcongconi zisasaza ezinye zezona zifo ziyingozi kakhulu kwihlabathi, eziquka isifo seengcongconi, i-dengue fever, i-Zika virus, i-yellow fever kunye ne-chikungunya. Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), isifo seengcongconi sisodwa sichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 yaye sibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-400 000 nyaka ngamnye, ingakumbi kumazwe aseAfrika akumazantsi eSahara. Kwangaxeshanye, nyaka ngamnye kukho abantu abamalunga ne-100 lezigidi zabantu abahlaselwa yi<em>dengue fever, yaye iimeko zabo zisanda ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa kwimimandla ekweleenjiko neyeetropiki. Nangona ingaxhaphakanga kangako, intsholongwane yeZika inxulunyaniswa neziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuxhaphake amaphulo ezempilo oluntu. Oku kuxhaphaka kothusayo kwezifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi kuyinkuthazo enkulu yokuba amakhaya atyale imali eninzi kwizibulali-zinambuzane: ngaphezu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni ezigxotha iingcongconi zithengiswa kwihlabathi jikelele nyaka ngamnye.
Ukukhula kwezitshabalalisi ezigxotha iingcongconi kwimakethi yehlabathi yezibulali zinambuzane kukhuthazwa ngakumbi kukwandisa ulwazi kunye nemilinganiselo yezempilo yoluntu. Oorhulumente kunye nemibutho yezempilo yoluntu batyala imali engaphezu kwe-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngonyaka kwiinkqubo zokulawula iingcongconi, kubandakanywa nokusasazwa kweinethi ezifakwe izibulali zinambuzane kunye neenkqubo zokugrumba ngaphakathi. Ukongeza, uphuhliso lwemixube emitsha, esebenzayo ngakumbi yezibulali zinambuzane kubangele ukusungulwa kweemveliso ezintsha ezingaphezu kwama-500 kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. Imakethi iphinde yabona ukukhula okubalulekileyo kwintengiso ye-Intanethi, kunye neqonga le-e-commerce elixela ukuba ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezigxotha iingcongconi kunyuke ngaphezulu kwe-300% ngexesha lexesha eliphakamileyo. Njengoko imimandla yasezidolophini isanda kwaye utshintsho lwemozulu luguqula iindawo zokuhlala zeengcongconi, imfuno yezisombululo zokulawula iingcongconi ezisebenzayo kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke zikhula, kunye nemarike kulindeleke ukuba iphindwe kabini ngobukhulu kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Lo mkhwa ugxininisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwezinambuzane ezigxotha iingcongconi njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yezicwangciso zempilo yoluntu jikelele.
Imfuno ephezulu: Isabelo sengeniso kwimakethi yezibulali zinambuzane zasekhaya eAsia Pacific sifikelela kuma-47%, sibambe ngokuqinileyo isikhundla esiphambili.
Njengelizwe labathengi abaphambili kwimakethi yezibulali zinambuzane, indawo yaseAsia Pacific idlala indima ebalulekileyo ngenxa yobume bayo obukhethekileyo bendalo kunye nentlalo-qoqosho. Izixeko zommandla ezinabemi abaninzi njengeMumbai, Tokyo kunye neJakarta ngokwendalo zifuna iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ukuze kugcinwe iimeko zokuhlala ezichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni abahlala ezidolophini. Amazwe afana neThailand, iiPhilippines kunye neVietnam anemozulu etshisayo enokuxhaphaka okuphezulu kwezifo ezithwalwa zizifo ezifana ne-dengue fever nesifo seengcongconi, kwaye izibulali-zinambuzane zisetyenziswa kumakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 nyaka ngamnye. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uchaze lo mmandla "njengendawo eshushu" kwezi zifo, kunye neemeko ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-3 ezixelwe ngonyaka kunye nemfuno engxamisekileyo yezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokulawula izinambuzane. Ukongezelela, abakumgangatho ophakathi, okulindeleke ukuba bafikelele kwi-1.7 yezigidigidi zabantu ngo-2025, batyalomali ngakumbi kwii-pesticides zanamhlanje kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezibonisa utshintsho kwibhajethi yentsapho ekubekeni phambili impilo kunye nococeko.
Izinto eziphambili kwinkcubeko kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni imarike yasekhaya yezibulali zinambuzane. EJapan, umthetho-siseko we-mottainai, okanye ukunciphisa inkunkuma, uye waqhuba uphuhliso lwezitshabalalisi ezisebenza kakhulu, ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye neenkampani ezifake izicelo zamalungelo awodwa asemthethweni angaphezu kwama-300 kunyaka ophelileyo kuphela. Umkhwa wokujongana nokusingqongileyo, izibulali-zinambuzane ezisekwe kwibhayoloji ziyaphawuleka, ngamazinga okuthathwa kwabantwana enyuka kakhulu e-Indonesia naseMalaysia njengoko abathengi besiya beyiqaphela ngakumbi indalo esingqongileyo. Imakethi ye-Asia Pacific iqikelelwa ukuba ixabisa i-7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2023, kunye ne-China ne-Indiya zithatha inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ngenxa yobuninzi bazo kunye nokwanda kolwazi lwezempilo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza kuyaqhubeka, kwaye ummandla kulindeleke ukuba wongeze i-1 yebhiliyoni eyongezelelweyo yabahlali basezidolophini ngo-2050, igxininisa ngakumbi indawo yayo njengemarike engundoqo yezibulali-zinambuzane zasemakhaya. Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lucela umngeni kwiindlela zemveli zokulawula izinambuzane, ukuzibophelela kommandla wase-Asia-Pacific ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha kunye nokulungelelanisa kuya kuqhuba imfuno yehlabathi yezisombululo ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo zezitshabalalisi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-02-2024