Imarike yezinambuzane zasekhaya kwihlabathi liphela ibone ukukhula okukhulu njengoko ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kukhawulezisa kwaye abantu beqonda ngakumbi ngempilo nococeko. Ukwanda kokuxhaphaka kwezifo ezithwalwa zizilwanyana ezifana nomkhuhlane wedengue kunye nemalariya kwandisa imfuno yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Umzekelo, iWorld Health Organisation ibike ukuba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-200 zezifo zemalariya zibikwe kwihlabathi liphela kunyaka ophelileyo, nto leyo egxininisa isidingo esingxamisekileyo samanyathelo okulawula izibulali-zinambuzane asebenzayo. Ukongeza, njengoko iingxaki zezinambuzane zisanda, inani leentsapho ezisebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane linyuke kakhulu, kunye neeyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-1.5 yeebhiliyoni ezithengisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela kunyaka ophelileyo kuphela. Olu kukhula lukwaqhutywa ludidi oluphakathi olukhulayo, oluqhuba ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zemihla ngemihla ezijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi.
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye notshintsho luye lwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imakethi yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya. Ukwaziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezingangcolisiyo indalo nezingenabungozi kangako kuye kwatsala abathengi abaqaphela indalo. Umzekelo, izibulali-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kwizityalo ziye zathandwa kakhulu, kunye neemveliso ezintsha ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezizalisa imakethi kwaye zingena kubathengisi abakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMntla Melika. Ukongeza, izisombululo ezikrelekrele zokubulala izinambuzane ezifana nezithiyo zeengcongconi zangaphakathi ezizenzekelayo ziya zithandwa kakhulu, kunye nentengiso yehlabathi idlula iiyunithi ezili-10 lezigidi kunyaka ophelileyo. Ishishini le-e-commerce nalo liye lanefuthe elikhulu kwindlela yokuthengisa, kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-intanethi kwezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya kukhule ngama-20%, okwenza kube yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusasaza.
Ngokwembono yengingqi, iAsia Pacific iyaqhubeka nokuba yimarike enkulu yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya, iqhutywa luluntu oluninzi lwalo mmandla kunye nokuqonda okukhulayo kokuthintela izifo. Lo mmandla uthatha ngaphezulu kwe-40% yesabelo siphela semarike, kunye neIndiya neTshayina njengabathengi abakhulu. Okwangoku, iLatin America ivele njengemarike ekhula ngokukhawuleza, iBrazil ibona ukukhula okukhulu kwemfuno njengoko iqhubeka nokulwa nezifo ezithwalwa yiingcongconi. Le marike ikwabone ukwanda kwabavelisi basekuhlaleni, kunye neenkampani ezintsha ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezingenela eli shishini kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo. Zizonke, ezi zinto zibonisa indlela yokukhula okunamandla kwimarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya, eqhutywa kukuvelisa izinto ezintsha, umahluko wemfuno yengingqi, kunye nokutshintsha kokukhetha kwabathengi.
Iioyile ezibalulekileyo: Ukusebenzisa amandla endalo ukuguqula izibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya zibe likamva elikhuselekileyo neliluhlaza ngakumbi
Imakethi yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya ijongene notshintsho olukhulu oluya kwizisombululo zendalo nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye neeoyile ezibalulekileyo eziba zezona zithako zikhethwayo. Olu hlobo luqhutywa ngabathengi abaqonda ngakumbi ngempembelelo yempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo yeekhemikhali ezenziweyo ezisetyenziswa kwizibulali-zinambuzane eziqhelekileyo. Iioyile ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-lemongrass, i-neem, kunye ne-eucalyptus zaziwa ngeempawu zazo ezisebenzayo zokugxotha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe yenye indlela ekhangayo. Imakethi yeoyile ebalulekileyo yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$1.2 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2023, nto leyo ebonisa ukhetho lwabantu olukhulayo lweemveliso zendalo. Imfuno yezibulali-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kwioyile ebalulekileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini inyuke kakhulu, kunye nentengiso yehlabathi ifikelela kwiiyunithi ezili-150 lezigidi, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho kukhetho lwabathengi oluya kwizisombululo ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo. Ukongeza, ngaphezulu kwe-US$500 yezigidi ityalwe kuphando kunye nokwenziwa kweoyile ebalulekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuzinikela kweshishini ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha kunye nokhuseleko.
Ukuthandwa kweeoyile ezibalulekileyo kwimarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya kuyaphucuka ngakumbi njengoko zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo, kubandakanya ivumba elimnandi kunye neempawu ezingezizo iityhefu, ezihambelana nendlela yokuphila epheleleyo yabathengi banamhlanje. Ngo-2023, amakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 eMntla Melika kuphela aza kutshintshela kwizibulali-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kwioyile ebalulekileyo. Umthengisi omkhulu uxele ukuba indawo yezi mveliso inyuke ngama-20%, nto leyo egxininisa isabelo sayo semarike esikhulayo. Ukongeza, amandla okuvelisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kwioyile ebalulekileyo kummandla weAsia Pacific anyuke ngama-30%, eqhutywa kukunyuka kwemfuno yabathengi kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo yokulawula. Amaqonga e-intanethi nawo adlale indima ephambili, kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane ezintsha ezisekelwe kwioyile ebalulekileyo ezingaphezu kwama-500,000 eziqaliswe kunyaka ophelileyo. Njengoko imakethi iqhubeka nokukhula, iioyile ezibalulekileyo zikulungele ukulawula icandelo lezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuhambelana notshintsho lwehlabathi oluya kwizisombululo zokuphila eziluhlaza.
Izibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo zibangela i-56% yemarike: zikhokela ekulawuleni izinambuzane kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yobuchule kunye nokuthenjwa kwabathengi
Imakethi yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya ifumana ukukhula okungazange kwenzeke ngaphambili kwemfuno yezibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo, iqhutywa kukusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo. Le mfuno iqhutywa zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukukwazi kwazo ukubulala ngokukhawuleza iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinambuzane kwaye zibonelele ngokhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide olungenakukwazi kwezinye iindlela zendalo. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, izibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo ezifana ne-pyrethroids, i-organophosphates, kunye ne-carbamates ziye zaba zizinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekhaya, kunye neeyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-3 yeebhiliyoni ezithengisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela kunyaka ophelileyo kuphela. Ezi mveliso zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo sazo esikhawulezayo kunye nokusebenza kwazo kwiindawo zasezidolophini apho ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane kuxhaphake khona. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, eli shishini liwandise amandla alo okuvelisa, kunye nezityalo ezingaphezu kwama-400 kwihlabathi liphela ezigxile ekuveliseni izibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo, ukuqinisekisa uthungelwano oluzinzileyo lokubonelela kunye nokuhanjiswa kubathengi.
Kwihlabathi liphela, impendulo kwimarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya ezenziweyo ibe ntle ngokubanzi, amazwe afana ne-US ne-China ekhokela imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye nomthamo wemveliso yonyaka ongaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-50. Ukongeza, ishishini lezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya ezenziweyo libone utyalo-mali olukhulu lwe-R&D kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngaphezulu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Uphuhliso oluphambili lubandakanya ukungeniswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo ezibolayo, ezinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, utshintsho lweshishini kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezikrelekrele, ezifana nezikhongozeli ezimelana nabantwana nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, lubonisa ukuzinikela kukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye nokuzinza. Ezi zinto zintsha zikhuthaze ukukhula okuqinileyo kwimarike, kunye neshishini lezibulali-zinambuzane ezenziweyo kulindeleke ukuba livelise ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ye-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Njengoko ezi mveliso ziqhubeka nokulawula imarike, ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kwizicwangciso zolawulo lwezinambuzane ezidibeneyo kugxininisa indima yazo ebalulekileyo ekunyamekelweni kwasekhaya kwanamhlanje, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zilukhetho lokuqala kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela.
Imfuno yezibulali-zinambuzane ezigxotha iingcongconi kwimarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya iyanda ikakhulu ngenxa yesidingo esingxamisekileyo sokulwa nezifo ezisasazwa yiingcongconi, ezibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yehlabathi. Iingcongconi zisasaza ezinye zezifo eziyingozi kakhulu kwihlabathi, kubandakanya imalariya, umkhuhlane wedengue, intsholongwane yeZika, umkhuhlane otyheli kunye ne-chikungunya. Ngokutsho kwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), imalariya yodwa ichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 kwaye ibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-400,000 minyaka le, ingakumbi kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara. Okwangoku, kukho malunga nezigidi ezili-100 zeemeko zomkhuhlane wedengue minyaka le, kwaye amatyala ayanda kakhulu, ngakumbi kwimimandla eshushu neshushu. Nangona ingaqhelekanga kangako, intsholongwane yeZika inxulunyaniswa neziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho amaphulo ezempilo yoluntu ngokubanzi. Oku kuxhaphaka okuxhalabisayo kwezifo ezisasazwa yingcongconi sisizathu esikhulu sokuba amakhaya atyale imali eninzi kwizinambuzane: zithengiswa ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezi-2 zezixhobo zokugxotha iingcongconi kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le.
Ukukhula kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezigxotha iingcongconi kwimarike yehlabathi yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya kukhuthazwa ngakumbi kukwanda kolwazi kunye namanyathelo empilo yoluntu asebenzayo. Oorhulumente kunye nemibutho yezempilo yoluntu batyala imali engaphezulu kwe-US $3 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka kwiinkqubo zokulawula iingcongconi, kubandakanya ukusasazwa kweenethi zokulala eziphathwa yi-insecticide kunye neenkqubo zokufunxa ngaphakathi. Ukongeza, uphuhliso lweendlela ezintsha nezisebenzayo zokubulala iingcongconi lukhokelele ekuqalisweni kweemveliso ezintsha ezingaphezu kwama-500 kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. Imarike ikwabone ukukhula okukhulu kwintengiso kwi-intanethi, kunye neqonga le-e-commerce elibika ukuba ukuthengiswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezigxotha iingcongconi kunyuke ngaphezulu kwama-300% ngexesha lexesha eliphakamileyo. Njengoko iindawo zasezidolophini zisanda kwaye utshintsho lwemozulu lutshintsha iindawo zokuhlala zeengcongconi, imfuno yezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokulawula iingcongconi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula, kunye nemarike kulindeleke ukuba iphindwe kabini ngobukhulu kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Le ndlela igxininisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezigxotha iingcongconi njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yezicwangciso zempilo yoluntu zehlabathi.
Imfuno ephezulu: Isabelo sengeniso semarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya eAsia Pacific sifikelela kwi-47%, sithatha indawo ephambili ngokuqinileyo.
Njengelizwe eliphambili labathengi kwimarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya, ummandla we-Asia Pacific udlala indima ebalulekileyo ngenxa yendawo yawo eyahlukileyo yendalo kunye nentlalo-qoqosho. Izixeko ezinabantu abaninzi kulo mmandla ezifana neMumbai, iTokyo kunye neJakarta ngokwendalo zifuna amaqhinga okulawula izinambuzane asebenzayo ukugcina iimeko zokuphila ezichaphazela abemi basezidolophini abangaphezu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni. Amazwe afana neThailand, iPhilippines kunye neVietnam anemozulu eshushu exhaphake kakhulu izifo ezithwalwa zizilwanyana ezifana nomkhuhlane wedengue kunye nemalariya, kwaye izibulali-zinambuzane zisetyenziswa kumakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 minyaka le. I-World Health Organisation ichaze lo mmandla njengendawo "eshushu" yezi zifo, kunye namatyala angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 axelwayo minyaka le kunye nesidingo esingxamisekileyo sezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokulawula izinambuzane. Ukongeza, udidi oluphakathi, olulindeleke ukuba lufikelele kubantu abayi-1.7 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025, lutyala imali ngakumbi kwizibulali-zinambuzane zanamhlanje nezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweentsapho ekubekeni phambili impilo kunye nococeko.
Izinto eziphambili kwinkcubeko kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni imarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya. EJapan, umgaqo we-mottainai, okanye ukunciphisa inkunkuma, uye waqhuba uphuhliso lwezibulali-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo nezihlala ixesha elide, apho iinkampani zifaka izicelo zeepatenti ezingaphezulu kwama-300 ezifanelekileyo kunyaka ophelileyo kuphela. Umkhwa wokufumana izibulali-zinambuzane ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezisekelwe kwi-bio uyaphawuleka, kunye namanani okwamkelwa enyuka kakhulu e-Indonesia naseMalaysia njengoko abathengi beqaphela ngakumbi ukusingqongileyo. Imarike yase-Asia Pacific iqikelelwa ukuba ixabisa i-US $ 7 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2023, kunye ne-China ne-India zibala isabelo esikhulu ngenxa yabemi bazo abaninzi kunye nokwanda kolwazi lwezempilo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhula kwezixeko ngokukhawuleza kuyaqhubeka nokuchuma, kunye nommandla kulindeleke ukuba wongeze abantu abayi-1 yezigidigidi abahlala ezidolophini ngo-2050, nto leyo eqinisa ngakumbi isikhundla sawo njengemarike ephambili yezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya. Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lujongene neendlela zemveli zolawulo lwezinambuzane, ukuzibophelela kommandla we-Asia-Pacific kwimveliso entsha kunye nokuziqhelanisa kuya kuqhuba imfuno yehlabathi yezisombululo zezibulali-zinambuzane ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-02-2024