Ikhonkco loshishino lweemveliso zokukhusela izityalo zingahlulwa zibe zikhonkco ezine: "izinto eziluhlaza - i-intermediates - iziyobisi zangaphambili - amalungiselelo".Emantla lishishini lepetroleum/lekhemikhali, elibonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada yemveliso yokhuseleko lwezityalo, ikakhulu imathiriyeli ekrwada yeekhemikhali ezingaphiliyo ezifana nephosphorus etyheli kunye neklorin engamanzi, kunye nezinto ezisisiseko zemichiza ekrwada efana ne-methanol kunye ne “tribenzene”.
Ushishino oluphakathi lubandakanya ikakhulu amayeza aphakathi nasebenzayo.I-Intermediates zisisiseko sokuveliswa kweziyobisi ezisebenzayo, kunye neziyobisi ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo zifuna i-intermediates eyahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, enokuthi ihlulwe ibe yi-fluorine-containing intermediates, i-cyano-containing intermediates, kunye ne-heterocyclic intermediates.Ichiza lokuqala liyimveliso yokugqibela eyenziwe zizithako ezisebenzayo kunye nokungcola okufunyenwe kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwezitshabalalisi.Ngokwento yokulawula, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-herbicides, insecticides, fungicides njalo njalo.
Amashishini asezantsi kakhulu agubungela iimveliso zamayeza.Ngenxa ye-insoluble emanzini kunye nomxholo ophezulu wezithako ezisebenzayo, uninzi lwamachiza asebenzayo alukwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo, ludinga ukongeza izongezo ezifanelekileyo (ezifana ne-solvents, emulsifiers, dispersants, njl. kwezolimo, amahlathi, ukufuywa kwezilwanyana, ezempilo namanye amacandelo.
01Ubume bophuhliso lwentengiso ye-pesticide intermediates e-China
Isibulali-zinambuzaneIshishini eliphakathi liphakathi kwikhonkco loshishino lwezitshabalalisi, iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zilawula i-front-end innovative pesticide yophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nemigudu yokuthengisa yamalungiselelo e-terminal, uninzi lwabaphakathi kunye nee-arhente ezisebenzayo zikhetha ukuthenga eChina, eIndiya nakwamanye amazwe, eChina. kunye ne-Indiya ibe yeyona ndawo iphambili yemveliso ye-pesticide intermediates kunye nee-arhente ezisebenzayo kwihlabathi.
Imveliso yamaziko okubulala izitshabalalisi e-China igcine izinga lokukhula eliphantsi, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka le-1.4% ukusuka kowama-2014 ukuya kowama-2023. Amashishini aphakathi kwesibulali-zinambuzane eTshayina achatshazelwa kakhulu ngumgaqo-nkqubo, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa komthamo liphantsi.Izibilini zezibulali-zinambuzane eziveliswa eTshayina zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini lezitshabalalisi, kodwa ezinye iindawo eziphakathi kusafuneka zingeniswe kumazwe angaphandle.Ezinye zazo ziveliswa eChina, kodwa ubuninzi okanye umgangatho awukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso;Enye indawo yaseTshayina ayikakwazi ukuvelisa.
Ukusukela ngo-2017, imfuno ye-pesticide intermediates e-China yehle kakhulu, kwaye ukuhla kobungakanani beemarike kungaphantsi kokuncipha kwemfuno.Ikakhulu ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwesenzo sokukhula kwe-zero ye-pesticides kunye nezichumisi, ubungakanani besicelo se-pesticides kunye nokuveliswa kwamachiza akrwada e-China kuye kwancitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye imfuno ye-pesticide intermediates nayo iyancipha kakhulu.Kwangaxeshanye, ichatshazelwa zizithintelo zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ixabiso lentengiso lezona zinto ziphakathi kwezibulala-zinambuzane lenyuka ngokukhawuleza ngo-2017, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ubungakanani borhwebo lweshishini buzinze ngokubanzi, kwaye ixabiso lentengiso liye lehla kancinci ukusuka ngo-2018 ukuya kowama-2019 njengoko unikezelo ngokuthe ngcembe lubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.Ngokwezibalo, ukusukela ngo-2022, ubungakanani bemarike yesitshabalalisi saseTshayina bumalunga ne-68.78 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kwaye ixabiso lemarike eliphakathi limalunga ne-17,500 yuan/toni.
02Ubume bophuhliso lwemarike yokulungiselela izitshabalalisi eTshayina
Ukusasazwa kwenzuzo kwitsheyini yoshishino lwezitshabalalisi kuveza iimpawu ze "smile curve" : i-akhawunti yamalungiselelo ye-50%, i-intermediates 20%, iziyobisi zoqobo ze-15%, iinkonzo ze-15%, kunye nokuthengiswa kwamalungiselelo e-terminal yikhonkco yenzuzo engundoqo, ehlala kwindawo epheleleyo. ukusasazwa kwengeniso kwikhonkco loshishino lwezitshabalalisi.Xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kweyeza lokuqala, eligxininisa iteknoloji yokwenziwa kunye nokulawulwa kweendleko, ukulungiswa kusondele kwimarike ye-terminal, kwaye amandla eshishini abanzi ngakumbi.
Ukongeza kuphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso, icandelo lamalungiselelo likwagxininisa amajelo kunye nokwakhiwa kwebrendi, inkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa, kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuphiswano eyohlukeneyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo.Ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwesenzo sokukhula kwe-zero ye-pesticide kunye nesichumisi, imfuno yamalungiselelo e-pesticide e-China iye yaqhubeka iyancipha, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani beemarike kunye nesantya sophuhliso lweshishini.Okwangoku, imfuno ehlayo yaseTshayina ikhokelele kwingxaki ebalaseleyo yokungabinamsebenzi, nto leyo eye yaqinisa ngakumbi ukhuphiswano lweemarike kwaye yachaphazela inzuzo yamashishini kunye nophuhliso lweshishini.
Ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa kweTshayina kumazwe angaphandle kunye nesixa samalungiselelo okubulala izitshabalalisi siphezulu kakhulu kunokuthengwa kumazwe angaphandle, okwenza intsalela yorhwebo.Ukususela kwi-2020 ukuya kwi-2022, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amalungiselelo e-pesticide yase-China kuya kulungelelanisa, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokuphucula ukunyuka nokuhla.Ngo-2023, isixa saseTshayina samalungiselelo e-pesticide sasiyi-974 yezigidi zeedola zase-US, ukwanda kwe-1.94% ngexesha elifanayo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kwaye amazwe omthombo ophambili wokungenisa yayiyi-Indonesia, iJapan kunye neJamani.Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwaba yi-8.087 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, phantsi kwe-27.21% ngonyaka, kunye neendawo eziphambili zokuthumela ngaphandle yiBrazil (18.3%), i-Australia kunye ne-United States.I-70% -80% yemveliso ye-pesticide yase-China ithunyelwa ngaphandle, i-inventory kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka igaywe, kwaye ixabiso leemveliso ze-pesticide lihle kakhulu, esona sizathu siphambili sokwehla kwexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwamalungiselelo e-pesticide. 2023.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-22-2024