Ulawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo lubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yezolimo, lukhusela izityalo kwingoziizinambuzane nezifoIinkqubo zolawulo ezisekelwe kumgca womda, ezisebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane kuphela xa ubuninzi bezinambuzane nezifo budlula umda omiselweyo, zinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwezi nkqubo akucaci kwaye kwahluka kakhulu. Ukuvavanya impembelelo ebanzi yeenkqubo zolawulo ezisekelwe kumgca womda kwizinambuzane zezolimo ze-arthropod, senze uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwezifundo ezili-126, kuquka iimvavanyo ezingama-466 kwizityalo ezingama-34, sithelekisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kumgca womda kunye neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwikhalenda.ulawulo lwezinambuzaneiinkqubo kunye/okanye ulawulo olunganyangwanga. Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwikhalenda, iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwimida zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ngama-44% kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nazo ngama-40%, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo okanye isivuno sesivuno siphela. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwimida zikwanyuse inani lezinambuzane eziluncedo kwaye zafikelela kumanqanaba afanayo olawulo lwezifo ezithwalwa yi-arthropod njengeenkqubo ezisekelwe kwikhalenda. Ngenxa yobubanzi kunye nokuhambelana kwezi zibonelelo, inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yezopolitiko neyemali iyafuneka ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwale ndlela yolawulo kwezolimo.
Iirekhodi zichongiwe ngokusebenzisa uphendlo lwedatha kunye neminye imithombo, zahlolwa ukuba zifanelekile na, zavavanywa ukuba ziyafaneleka na, zaza ekugqibeleni zancitshiswa zaya kwizifundo ezili-126, ezabandakanywa kuhlalutyo lokugqibela lwe-quantitative meta-analysis.
Ayizizo zonke izifundo ezixele ngeendlela kunye nokwahluka; ke ngoko, sibale i-avareji ye-avareji ukuze siqikelele ukwahluka kwelogumlinganiselo.25Kwizifundo ezineenguqu ezingaqhelekanga, sisebenzise i-Equation 4 ukuqikelela i-log ratio kunye ne-Equation 5 ukuqikelela inguqu ehambelanayo. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba nokuba inguqu eqikelelweyo ye-lnRR ayikho, isenokufakwa kwi-meta-analysis ngokubala inguqu engafanelekanga kusetyenziswa i-weighted mean coefficient of variation evela kwizifundo ezibika ngokuphakathi inguqu esemgangathweni.
Kwizifundo ezineenguquko ezisemgangathweni ezaziwayo, ezi fomula zilandelayo 1 kunye no-2 zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela umlinganiselo welog kunye nenguquko esemgangathweni ehambelanayo.
Kwizifundo ezineenguqu ezingaqhelekanga, ezi fomula zilandelayo 3 kunye no-4 zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela umlinganiselo welog kunye nenguqu ehambelanayo.
Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa uqikelelo lwamanqaku ee-ratios, iimpazamo ezisemgangathweni ezinxulumene nazo, izithuba zokuzithemba, kunye ne-p-values yomlinganiselo ngamnye kunye nothelekiso. Iiploti ze-Funnel zakhiwe ukuze kuchongwe ubukho be-asymmetry kwimilinganiselo ekubhekiswa kuyo (Umfanekiso ongezelelweyo 1). Imifanekiso eyongeziweyo 2–7 ibonisa uqikelelo lwemilinganiselo ekubhekiswa kuyo kwisifundo ngasinye.
Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga noyilo lophando zingafumaneka kwisishwankathelo sengxelo yeNature Portfolio esidityaniswe kweli nqaku.
Okunomdla kukuba, asifumananga mahluko mkhulu ekusebenzeni kokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumgca ophakathi kwezityalo ezikhethekileyo neziqhelekileyo kwiimilinganiselo eziphambili ezifana nolawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo, isivuno, iingenelo zoqoqosho, kunye nempembelelo kwizinambuzane eziluncedo. Esi siphumo asimangalisi kuba, ngokwembono yezinto eziphilayo, iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumgca ophakathi azifani kakhulu phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zezityalo. Umahluko phakathi kwezityalo eziqhelekileyo nezikhethekileyo ngokuyintloko uvela kwizinto zoqoqosho kunye/okanye ezilawulayo, endaweni yezokusingqongileyo. Olu mahluko phakathi kweentlobo zezityalo lunokuphembelela iindlela zokulawula izibulali zinambuzane nezifo kuneziphumo zebhayoloji zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumgca ophakathi. Umzekelo, izityalo ezikhethekileyo zihlala zinexabiso eliphezulu kwihektare nganye kwaye ke ngoko zifuna imigangatho yomgangatho engqongqo, enokukhuthaza abalimi ukuba basebenzise izibulali zinambuzane ngokuthintela ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga nezibulali zinambuzane nezifo ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-acre ezinkulu zezityalo eziqhelekileyo zenza ukuba ukubekwa kweliso kwezibulali zinambuzane nezifo kube nzima kakhulu, kunciphisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumgca ophakathi. Ke ngoko, zombini iinkqubo zijongene noxinzelelo olulodwa olunokwenza lula okanye luthintele ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumgca ophakathi. Ekubeni phantse zonke izifundo kuhlalutyo lwethu lwe-meta zenziwe kwiindawo apho imiqathango yezibulali-zinambuzane yayisusiwe, akumangalisi ukuba sibone amaxabiso azinzileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezityalo.
Uhlalutyo lwethu lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zolawulo lwezinambuzane ezisekelwe kwimida zinganciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nazo, kodwa akucaci ukuba ngaba abavelisi bezolimo bayazuza ngokwenene kuzo. Izifundo ezibandakanyiweyo kuhlalutyo lwethu lwe-meta zahluka kakhulu kwiinkcazo zazo zeenkqubo zolawulo lwezinambuzane "eziqhelekileyo", ukusuka kwimisebenzi yengingqi ukuya kwiinkqubo zekhalenda ezilula. Ke ngoko, iziphumo ezilungileyo esizixelayo apha zisenokungabonisi ngokupheleleyo amava angempela abavelisi. Ngaphezu koko, nangona sibhale phantsi ukonga okukhulu kweendleko ngenxa yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane, izifundo zokuqala ngokubanzi azizange ziqwalasele iindleko zokuhlolwa kwentsimi. Ke ngoko, iingenelo zoqoqosho ngokubanzi zeenkqubo zolawulo olusekelwe kwimida zinokuba ngaphantsi kancinci kuneziphumo zohlalutyo lwethu. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izifundo ezibike iindleko zokuhlolwa kwentsimi zibonise iindleko zemveliso ezinciphileyo ngenxa yokunciphisa iindleko zezibulali-zinambuzane. Ukubeka esweni rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kwentsimi kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubavelisi abaxakekileyo kunye nabaphathi beefama (i-US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004).
Imida yezoqoqosho idlala indima ephambili kwingcamango yolawulo lwezinambuzane oludibeneyo (IPM), kwaye abaphandi kudala baxela ngeenzuzo ezilungileyo zeenkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kwimida. Uphando lwethu lubonise ukuba ulawulo lwezinambuzane ezisekelwe kwi-arthropod lubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi, njengoko ama-94% ezifundo ebonisa ukwehla kwesivuno sezityalo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngobulumko kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwezolimo oluzinzileyo ixesha elide. Sifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa okusekelwe kwimida kulawula ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo we-arthropod ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivuno sezityalo xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kwikhalenda. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa okusekelwe kwimida kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphezulu kwama-40%.OkunyeUvavanyo olukhulu lweepateni zokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kwifama yaseFransi kunye novavanyo lokulawula izifo zezityalo lukwabonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kunokunciphisa40-50% ngaphandle kokuchaphazela isivuno. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa isidingo sokuphuhliswa ngakumbi kwemida emitsha yolawulo lwezinambuzane kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi. Njengoko ukusetyenziswa komhlaba wezolimo kusanda, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kuya kuqhubeka kusongela iinkqubo zendalo, kuquka ezinobuthathaka kakhulu nezixabisekileyo.iindawo zokuhlalaNangona kunjalo, ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokunciphisa iintsholongwane kunokunciphisa ezi mpembelelo, ngaloo ndlela kwandise uzinzo kunye nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwezolimo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-04-2025