Phantse i-7.0% yomhlaba wonke wehlabathi uchatshazelwa yityuwa1, oko kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-900 yezigidi zeehektare zomhlaba ehlabathini uchatshazelwa yityuwa kunye netyuwa yesodiyam2, ebanga i-20% yomhlaba olinyiweyo kunye ne-10% yomhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo. Umhlaba uthatha isiqingatha sommandla kwaye unomxholo wetyuwa ophezulu3. Umhlaba onetyuwa yingxaki enkulu ejongene nezolimo zasePakistan4,5. Kuyo yonke le nto, malunga ne-6.3 yezigidi zeehektare okanye i-14% yomhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo ngoku uchatshazelwa yityuwa6.
Uxinzelelo lwe-Abiotic lunokutshintshai-hormone yokukhula kwezityaloimpendulo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhuleni kwesivuno esiphantsi kunye nesivuno sokugqibela7. Xa izityalo zichaphazeleka kuxinzelelo lwetyuwa, ibhalansi phakathi kwemveliso ye-reactive oxygen species (ROS) kunye nefuthe lokucinywa kwee-enzymes ze-antioxidant iyaphazamiseka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izityalo zihlupheke kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative8. Izityalo ezinezinga eliphezulu lee-enzyme ze-antioxidant (zombini eziqulunqwayo nezingenamsebenzi) zinokumelana okunempilo nomonakalo we-oxidative, njenge-superoxide dismutase (SOD), i-guaiacol peroxidase (POD), i-peroxidase-catalase (CAT), i-ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), kunye ne-glutathione reductase (GR) zinokunyusa ukunyamezela ityuwa yezityalo eziphantsi koxinzelelo lwetyuwa9. Ukongeza, ii-phytohormones zixelwe ukuba zidlala indima yokulawula ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo, ukufa kweeseli okucwangcisiweyo, kunye nokusinda phantsi kweemeko ezitshintshayo zendalo10. I-Triacontanol lutywala oluphambili olugcweleyo oluyinxalenye ye-wax ye-epidermal yezityalo kwaye luneempawu zokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo11,12 kunye neempawu zokukhuthaza ukukhula kwiindawo eziphantsi13. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-foliar kunokuphucula kakhulu imeko ye-photosynthetic pigment, ukuqokelelwa kwe-solute, ukukhula, kunye nemveliso ye-biomass kwizityalo14,15. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-triacontanol kwi-foliar kunokuphucula ukunyamezela uxinzelelo lwezityalo16 ngokulawula umsebenzi wee-enzymes ezininzi ze-antioxidant17, ukwandisa umxholo we-osmoprotectant wezicubu zamagqabi ezityalo11,18,19 kunye nokuphucula impendulo yokufunxwa kweeminerali ezibalulekileyo i-K+ kunye ne-Ca2+, kodwa kungekhona i-Na+.14 Ukongeza, i-triacontanol ivelisa iishukela ezincitshisayo, iiproteni ezinyibilikayo, kunye nee-amino acids phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo20,21,22.
Imifuno ityebile kwiikhemikhali ze-phytochemicals kunye nezondlo kwaye ibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-metabolic emzimbeni womntu23. Imveliso yemifuno isongelwa kukwanda kwetyuwa yomhlaba, ngakumbi kwiindawo zezolimo ezinkcenkceshelwayo, ezivelisa i-40.0% yokutya kwehlabathi24. Izityalo zemifuno ezifana netswele, ikhukhamba, i-eggplant, ipepile kunye netamatato zinobuthathaka kwityuwa25, kwaye ikhukhamba sisityalo esibalulekileyo kwisondlo somntu kwihlabathi liphela26. Uxinzelelo lwetyuwa lunempembelelo enkulu kwisantya sokukhula kwekhukhamba, nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba etyuwa angaphezu kwe-25 mM abangela ukwehla kwesivuno ukuya kuthi ga kwi-13%27,28. Iziphumo ezibi zetyuwa kwikhukhamba zibangela ukukhula kwesityalo kunye nesivuno esinciphileyo5,29,30. Ke ngoko, injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuvavanya indima ye-triacontanol ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwetyuwa kwiintlobo ze-genotypes zekhukhamba kunye nokuvavanya amandla e-triacontanol okukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nemveliso. Olu lwazi lubalulekile nasekuphuhliseni amaqhinga afanelekileyo kumhlaba onetyuwa. Ukongeza, sifumanise utshintsho kwi-ion homeostasis kwii-genotypes ze-cucumber phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-NaCl.
Isiphumo se-triacontanol kwi-inorganic osmotic regulators kumagqabi ee-genotypes ezine ze-cucumber phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo nolwetyuwa.
Xa ii-genotypes zekhukhamba zazityalwe phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo lwetyuwa, inani leziqhamo lilonke kunye nobunzima beziqhamo obuqhelekileyo zancitshiswa kakhulu (Umzobo 4). Oku kuncipha kwabonakala ngakumbi kwii-genotypes zehlobo lweGreen kunye nowama-20252, ngelixa iMarketmore kunye neGreen Long zigcine inani leziqhamo eziphezulu kunye nobunzima emva komngeni wetyuwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-triacontanol ngamahlamvu kunciphisa iziphumo ezimbi zoxinzelelo lwetyuwa kwaye kwanda inani leziqhamo kunye nobunzima kuzo zonke ii-genotypes ezivavanyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, iMarketmore ephathwe nge-triacontanol ivelise inani leziqhamo eliphezulu ngobunzima obuphakathi obuphezulu phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo kunye nolawulo xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo ezinganyangwanga. ISummer Green kunye nowama-20252 zazinomxholo ophezulu we-solids ezinyibilikayo kwiziqhamo zekhukhamba kwaye zisebenze kakubi xa kuthelekiswa nee-genotypes zeMarketmore kunye neGreen Long, ezazinoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-solids ezinyibilikayo.
Isiphumo se-triacontanol kwisivuno see-genotypes ezine ze-cucumber phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwetyuwa.
Uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lwe-triacontanol yayiyi-0.8 mg/l, nto leyo eyavumela ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibulalayo ze-genotypes ezifundwe phantsi koxinzelelo lwetyuwa kunye neemeko ezingezizo zoxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo se-triacontanol kwiGreen-Long kunye neMarketmore sasicacile ngakumbi. Xa ucinga ngamandla okunyamezela ityuwa kwezi genotypes kunye nokusebenza kwe-triacontanol ekunciphiseni iziphumo zoxinzelelo lwetyuwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kucetyiswe ukukhulisa ezi genotypes kumhlaba onetyuwa ngokutshiza nge-triacontanol.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-27-2024