Imakethi yemveliso yezolimo yaseBrazil igcine ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kwimeko yolwazi olwandisiweyo lokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, ukuthandwa kweengcamango zokulima ezizinzileyo, kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente oqinileyo, iBrazil ngokuthe ngcembe iba yindawo ebalulekileyo yemarike kunye neziko lokuvuselela igalelo lehlabathi le-bio-agricultural, ukutsala iinkampani zehlabathi ze-bio-company ukuba zisete imisebenzi kwilizwe.
Imeko yangoku yentengiso ye-biopesticide eBrazil
Ngo-2023, indawo yokutyala izityalo zaseBrazil yafikelela kwi-81.82 yezigidi zeehektare, apho esona sityalo sikhulu iimbotyi zesoya, ezibalelwa kwi-52% yendawo yonke etyaliweyo, ilandelwa ngumbona wasebusika, umoba kunye nombona wasehlotyeni. Kumhlaba wayo omkhulu olimekayo, waseBrazilisibulali-zinambuzaneimakethi ifikelele malunga ne-20 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi (ukusetyenziswa kwefama ekupheleni) ngo-2023, kunye namayeza eembotyi zesoya ezibalelwa esona sabelo sikhulu sexabiso lemarike (58%) kunye nemarike ekhula ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo.
Isabelo se-biopesticides kwimarike yezitshabalalisi iyonke eBrazil sisephantsi kakhulu, kodwa sikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, sikhula ukusuka kwi-1% ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-4% ngo-2023 kwiminyaka nje emihlanu, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka se-38%, sidlula kude i-12% izinga lokukhula kwezibulali zinambuzane.
Ngo-2023, imakethi ye-biopesticide yelizwe ifikelele kwixabiso lentengiso ye-800 yezigidi zeedola ekupheleni komlimi. Phakathi kwazo, ngokodidi, i-biological nematocides lolona didi lwemveliso lukhulu (ikakhulu lusetyenziswa kwiimbotyi zesoya kunye nommoba); Udidi lwesibini ngobukhulu luizinambuzane zebhayoloji, ilandelwa yi-microbial agents kunye ne-biocides; Elona xabiso liphezulu le-CAGR kwixabiso lemarike kwixesha lika-2018-2023 lele-biological nematocides, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-52%. Ngokubhekiselele kwizityalo ezisetyenzisiweyo, isabelo se-biopesticides yesoya kulo lonke ixabiso lemarike lelona liphezulu, lifikelela kuma-55% ngo-2023; Ngaxeshanye, iimbotyi zesoya zikwasisityalo esinezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane, kunye ne-88% yendawo etyalwe kuyo isebenzisa iimveliso ezinjalo ngo-2023. Ixabiso lentengiso yezi zityalo linyukile kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo.
Kukho iiyantlukwano kwiindidi eziphambili ze-biopesticides kwezi zityalo zibalulekileyo. Elona xabiso likhulu kwimarike yesoya biopesticides yibhayoloji nematocides, ebalelwa kuma-43% ngo-2023. Ezona ndidi zibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa kumbona wasebusika kunye nombona wasehlotyeni zizitshabalalisi zebhayoloji, zibalelwa kwi-66% kunye ne-75% yexabiso lentengiso yezitshabalalisi zebhayoloji kwiindidi ezimbini zezityalo, ngokulandelelana (ingakumbi kulawulo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo). Elona candelo likhulu lemveliso yommoba zizibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji, ezithatha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesabelo semarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji yommoba.
Ngokumalunga nommandla wokusetyenziswa, le tshati ilandelayo ibonisa ezona zithako zisithoba zisetyenziswa kakhulu, umlinganiselo wendawo enyangweyo kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nendawo eyongezelekayo yokusetyenziswa kunyaka omnye. Phakathi kwazo, i-Trichoderma lelona candelo likhulu elisebenzayo, elisetyenziswa kwi-8.87 yezigidi zeehektare zezityalo ngonyaka, ngakumbi ekulinyweni kweembotyi zesoya. Oku kwalandelwa yiBeauveria bassiana (i-6.845 yezigidi zeehektare), eyayisetyenziswa ikakhulu kumbona wasebusika. Ezisibhozo kwezi zisithoba ziphambili zizithako ezisebenzayo ziyakwazi ukumelana nezinto eziphilayo, kwaye iiparasitoids kuphela kwezinambuzane eziziintshaba zendalo (zonke zisetyenziswa ekulinyweni kommoba). Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni ezi zithako ezisebenzayo zithengiswa kakuhle:
I-Trichoderma, i-Beauveria bassiana kunye ne-Bacillus amylus: ngaphezu kwama-50 amashishini emveliso, abonelela ngokugubungela imarike kunye nokubonelela;
I-Rhodospore: ukwanda okubalulekileyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokwenzeka kwe-corn leafhopper, indawo yonyango yemveliso ye-11 yezigidi zeehektare ngo-2021, kunye ne-30 yezigidi zeehektare ngo-2024 kumbona wasebusika;
Oonomeva beParasitic: banendawo ezinzileyo yexesha elide kummoba, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kulawulo lwentlaka-moba;
I-Metarhizium anisopliae: Ukukhula okukhawulezayo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kweziganeko ze-nematodes kunye nokucinywa kokubhaliswa kwe-carbofuran (eyona khemikhali iphambili yokulawula i-nematodes).
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2024