Imarike yezolimo zaseBrazil iqhubekile nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kwimeko yokwanda kolwazi ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukuthandwa kweengcamango zolimo ezizinzileyo, kunye nenkxaso enamandla yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, iBrazil ngokuthe ngcembe iba liziko elibalulekileyo lemarike kunye nophuhliso lwezolimo lwehlabathi, itsala iinkampani zezityalo zehlabathi ukuba ziqalise imisebenzi kweli lizwe.
Imeko yangoku yemarike ye-biopesticide eBrazil
Ngowama-2023, indawo yokutyala izityalo zaseBrazil ifikelele kwi-81.82 yezigidi zeehektare, apho isivuno esikhulu kuzo yi-soya, ebanga i-52% yendawo iyonke etyaliweyo, ilandelwa ngumbona wasebusika, umoba kunye nombona wasehlotyeni. Kumhlaba wayo omkhulu olimekayo, iBrazilisibulali-zinambuzaneImarike ifikelele kwi-$20 yeebhiliyoni (ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo ekupheleni) ngo-2023, apho izibulali-zinambuzane zesoya zibalwa njengeyona nxalenye inkulu yexabiso lemarike (58%) kwaye imarike ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo.
Isabelo see-biopesticides kwimarike iyonke yee-pesticides eBrazil sisephantsi kakhulu, kodwa sikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, sinyuka ukusuka kwi-1% ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-4% ngo-2023 kwiminyaka emihlanu kuphela, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esidibeneyo se-38%, sidlula kakhulu isantya sokukhula se-12% yee-pesticides zeekhemikhali.
Ngowama-2023, imakethi ye-biopesticide yelizwe ifikelele kwixabiso lemarike leedola ezingama-800 ezigidi ekupheleni komlimi. Phakathi kwazo, ngokweendidi, ii-nematocides zebhayoloji zezona ntlobo zinkulu zemveliso (ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimbotyi zesoya kunye nomoba); Udidi lwesibini ngobukhulu loluizibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji, kulandele ii-microbial agents kunye ne-biocides; I-CAGR ephezulu kwixabiso lemarike kwixesha lika-2018-2023 yeye-nematocides zebhayoloji, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-52%. Ngokuphathelele izityalo ezisetyenzisiweyo, isabelo se-soybean biopesticides kwixabiso lemarike liphela siphezulu, sifikelela kwi-55% ngo-2023; Kwangaxeshanye, ii-soybean nazo zizityalo ezinezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwe-biopesticides, kunye ne-88% yendawo etyaliweyo esebenzisa iimveliso ezinjalo ngo-2023. Umbona wasebusika kunye nomoba zezona zityalo zesibini nezesithathu ngobukhulu kwixabiso lemarike ngokulandelelana. Ixabiso lemarike lezi zityalo linyukile kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo.
Kukho umahluko kwiindidi eziphambili ze-biopesticides kwezi zityalo zibalulekileyo. Ixabiso elikhulu kwimarike ye-soybean biopesticides yi-biological nematocides, ebalelwa kwi-43% ngo-2023. Iindidi ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwi-corn yasebusika nakwi-sunflower corn zi-biological pesticides, ezibalelwa kwi-66% kunye ne-75% yexabiso lemarike ye-biological pesticides kwiindidi ezimbini zezityalo, ngokulandelelana (ngokuyintloko ukulawula izinambuzane ezilumayo). Udidi olukhulu lwemveliso ye-sugar coats yi-biological nematocides, ebalelwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesabelo semarike ye-biological pesticides ye-sugar coats.
Ngokuphathelele indawo esetyenziswa kuyo, itshathi elandelayo ibonisa izithako ezisebenzayo ezisithoba ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, umlinganiselo wendawo ephathwayo kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nendawo eqokelelweyo yokusetyenziswa kunyaka omnye. Phakathi kwazo, iTrichoderma yeyona nto isebenzayo inkulu, esetyenziswa kwiihektare eziyi-8.87 yezigidi zeerandi zezityalo ngonyaka, ikakhulu ekulimeni iimbotyi zesoya. Oku kwalandelwa yiBeauveria bassiana (iihektare eziyi-6.845 yezigidi), eyayisetyenziswa kakhulu kumbona wasebusika. Ezisibhozo kwezi zizithako ziphambili zisithoba azinazo iintsholongwane, kwaye ii-parasitoids zezona zinambuzane zintshaba zendalo kuphela (zonke zisetyenziswa ekulimeni umoba). Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba ezi zithako zithengiswa kakuhle:
ITrichoderma, iBeauveria bassiana kunye neBacillus amylus: amashishini emveliso angaphezu kwama-50, abonelela ngemveliso efanelekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngemveliso;
I-Rhodospore: ukwanda okukhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwe-corn leafhopper, indawo yonyango lwemveliso eyi-11 yezigidi zeehektare ngo-2021, kunye ne-30 yezigidi zeehektare ngo-2024 kumbona wasebusika;
Iinyosi ezifunxayo: zihlala ixesha elide zizinzile kumoba, zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezifunxayo;
I-Metarhizium anisopliae: Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ikakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lee-nematodes kunye nokurhoxiswa kokubhaliswa kwe-carbofuran (ikhemikhali ephambili yokulawula ii-nematodes).
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-15-2024