I. Isishwankathelo sorhwebo lwezolimo phakathi kweTshayina kunye namazwe e-LAC ukusukela oko kwangena iWTO
Ukususela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2023, umthamo wezorhwebo wemveliso yezolimo phakathi kweTshayina kunye namazwe e-LAC ubonise ukukhula okuqhubekayo, ukusuka kwi-2.58 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ukuya kwi-81.03 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, kunye nomyinge wokukhula wonyaka we-17.0%. Phakathi kwabo, ixabiso lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe liye landa ukusuka kwi-2,40 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US ukuya kwi-77.63 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ukwanda kwamaxesha angama-31; Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunyuke ka-19 ukusuka kwi-170 yezigidi zeedola ukuya kwi-3.40 yezigidigidi. Ilizwe lethu likwimeko yokusilela kurhwebo lwemveliso yezolimo namazwe aseLatin America, kwaye intsilelo iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Imakethi enkulu yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yezolimo kwilizwe lethu ibonelele ngamathuba amahle ophuhliso lwezolimo eLatin America. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso zezolimo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezivela eLatin America, ezifana necherry yaseChile kunye ne-Ecuadorian shrimp emhlophe, ziye zangena kwimarike yethu.
Ngokubanzi, isabelo samazwe aseLatin America kurhwebo lwezolimo lwaseTshayina luye lwanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle akulingani. Ukusukela ngowama-2001 ukuya kowama-2023, umlinganiselo worhwebo lwezolimo lwaseTshayina-kwiLatin America kurhwebo lwezolimo lulonke lwaseTshayina lonyuke ukusuka kwi-9.3% ukuya kwi-24.3%. Phakathi kwazo, imveliso yezolimo yaseTshayina evela kumazwe aseLatin America ibala umlinganiselo wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zizonke ukusuka kwi-20.3% ukuya kwi-33.2%, imveliso yezolimo yaseChina kumazwe aseLatin America ibala umlinganiselo wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zizonke ukusuka kwi-1.1% ukuya kwi-3.4%.
2. Iimpawu zorhwebo lwezolimo phakathi kweTshayina kunye namazwe e-LAC
(1) Amaqabane arhwebayo agxininisiweyo
Ngo-2001, iArgentina, iBrazil kunye nePeru yayiyeyona mithombo mithathu iphezulu yokungeniswa kwemveliso yezolimo evela eLatin America, enexabiso lilonke lokungeniswa kwe-2.13 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ezibalelwa kwi-88.8% yokuthengiswa kwemveliso yezolimo evela eLatin America ngaloo nyaka. Ngokuya nzulu kwentsebenziswano yorhwebo lwezolimo kunye namazwe aseLatin America, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iChile iye yadlula iPeru ukuze ibe ngumthombo wesithathu omkhulu wemveliso yezolimo eLatin America, kwaye iBrazil iye yadlula iArgentina ukuba ibe ngowona mthombo wokuqala mkhulu wezolimo. Ngo-2023, ukuthengwa kwemveliso yezolimo yaseTshayina evela eBrazil, eArgentina naseChile yafikelela kwi-58.93 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, kubalelwa kwi-88.8% yokuthengiswa kwemveliso yezolimo kumazwe aseLatin America ngaloo nyaka. Phakathi kwabo, i-China ingenisa i-58.58 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US zeemveliso zezolimo ezivela eBrazil, ezibalelwa kwi-75.1% yokuthengiswa kweemveliso zezolimo ezivela kumazwe aseLatin America, ezibalelwa kwi-25.0% yokuthengiswa kwemveliso yezolimo eChina. IBrazil ayingowona mthombo mkhulu wokungeniswa kwezolimo eLatin America, kodwa ikwangowona mthombo mkhulu wokuthengiswa kwezolimo kwihlabathi.
Ngo-2001, iCuba, iMexico kunye neBrazil yayizezona ntengiso zintathu ziphezulu kwezolimo zaseTshayina kumazwe e-LAC, ezinexabiso lilonke lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-110 lezigidi zeedola zaseMelika, ezibalelwa kwi-64.4% yorhwebo lwezolimo lwaseTshayina lulonke kumazwe e-LAC ngaloo nyaka. Ngo-2023, iMexico, iChile kunye neBrazil zezona ntengiso zintathu ziphezulu kwezolimo zaseTshayina kumazwe aseLatin America, ezinexabiso lilonke le-2.15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, ezibalelwa kwi-63.2% yorhwebo lwezolimo lulonke lwaloo nyaka.
(3) Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kulawulwa yi-oilseeds kunye nemveliso yemfuyo, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwengqolowa kuye kwanda kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva.
I-China lelona lizwe lingenisa iimveliso zezolimo kweli lizwe, kwaye linemfuno enkulu yeemveliso zolimo ezifana neembotyi zesoya, inyama yenkomo kunye neziqhamo ezivela kumazwe aseLatin America. Ukusukela ekungeneni kweTshayina kwi-WTO, ukungeniswa kwemveliso yezolimo kumazwe aseLatin America ubukhulu becala yimbewu yeoyile kunye nemveliso yemfuyo, kwaye ukungeniswa kweesiriyeli kunyuke kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ngo-2023, i-China yangenisa i-42.29 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ze-oyile ezivela kumazwe aseLatin America, ukwanda kwe-3.3%, i-akhawunti ye-57.1% yokuthengiswa kwemveliso yezolimo kumazwe aseLatin America. Ukungeniswa kwemveliso yemfuyo, iimveliso zasemanzini kunye nokutya okuziinkozo bekuyi-13.67 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, i-7.15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US kunye ne-5.13 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ngokulandelanayo. Phakathi kwazo, ukungeniswa kweemveliso zombona kwakuyi-4.05 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ukwanda kwamaxesha angama-137,671, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba umbona waseBrazil wathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ekuhlolweni kwe-China kunye nokufikelela kwi-quarantine. Inani elikhulu lemveliso yombona yaseBrazil iphinde yabhala ipateni yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe elawulwa yi-Ukraine kunye ne-United States kwixesha elidlulileyo.
(4) Ukuthumela ngaphandle ikakhulu iimveliso zasemanzini kunye nemifuno
Ukusukela ekungeneni kweTshayina kwi-WTO, ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezolimo kumazwe e-LAC ibizimveliso zasemanzini kunye nemifuno, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso eziziinkozo kunye neziqhamo kumazwe angaphandle kuye kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngo-2023, ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yasemanzini kunye nemifuno yaseTshayina kumazwe aseLatin America yayiyi-1.19 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunye ne-6.0 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngokulandelelanayo, ibalelwa kwi-35.0% kunye ne-17.6% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zezolimo kumazwe aseLatin America, ngokulandelelana.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2024