Kwinkqubo yokutyala iitumato, sihlala sidibana nemeko yokuba izinga lokukhula kweziqhamo liphantsi kwaye iziqhamo azivunwa, kule meko, akufuneki sikhathazeke ngayo, kwaye singasebenzisa inani elifanelekileyo labalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo ukusombulula olu luhlu lweengxaki.
1. I-Ethephon
Enye kukuthintela ukungabi namsebenzi. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nokulibaziseka kokufakelwa okanye ukubekwa kwezityalo ngexesha lokulima izithombo, ukukhula kwezithombo kunokulawulwa yi-300mg/kg yamagqabi e-ethethylene spray xa amagqabi ama-3, embindini omnye kunye namagqabi ama-5 okwenyani, ukuze izithombo ziqine, amagqabi abe makhulu, iziqu zomelele, iingcambu ziphuhliswe, ukumelana noxinzelelo kuphuculwe, kwaye isivuno sasekuqaleni sinyuswe. Uxinzelelo akufuneki lube phezulu kakhulu okanye lube phantsi kakhulu.
Okwesibini kukuvuthwa, kukho iindlela ezi-3:
(1) Ukwambathisa iipeduncle: Xa isiqhamo simhlophe kwaye sivuthiwe, i-300mg/kg ye-ethephon ifakwa kwi-inflorescence yecandelo lesibini lepeduncle, kwaye ingaba bomvu kwaye ivuthwe kangangeentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5.
(2) Ugqubuthelo lweziqhamo: I-400mg/kg ye-ethephon ifakwa kwi-sepals kunye nomphezulu weziqhamo okufutshane wentyatyambo yeziqhamo ezimhlophe ezivuthiweyo, kwaye uvutho olubomvu luvuthwa ngaphambi kwexesha emva kweentsuku ezi-6-8.
(3) Ukuhluza iziqhamo: Iziqhamo zexesha lokuguqulwa kombala ziyaqokelelwa kwaye zifakwe kwisisombululo se-ethethylene esingama-2000-3000mg/kg kangange-10 ukuya kwi-30s, emva koko zikhutshwe zibekwe kwi-25 ° C kwaye umswakama womoya uphakathi kwama-80% ukuya kuma-85% ukuya ekuvuthweni, kwaye zinokujika zibe bomvu emva kweentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6, kwaye kufuneka zidweliswe ngexesha, kodwa iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo azikhanyi njengezo zikwisityalo.
2.I-asidi yeGibberellic
Ingakhuthaza ukuvela kweziqhamo. Ixesha lokudubula, iintyatyambo ezitshizwayo eziyi-10 ~ 50mg/kg okanye iintyatyambo eziditshiweyo kanye, ingakhusela iintyatyambo neziqhamo, ikhuthaze ukukhula kweziqhamo, ikhusele iziqhamo.
3. I-Polybulobuzole
Ingathintela ukungabikho kwemveliso. Ukutshiza i-polybulobulozole eyi-150mg/kg kwizityalo zetamatato ezinenqanaba elide lokungazali kunokulawula ukukhula okungazaliyo, kukhuthaze ukukhula kokuzala, kuncede ekuveliseni iintyatyambo neziqhamo, kukhawulezise umhla wokuvuna, kunyuse isivuno sokuqala kunye nemveliso iyonke, kwaye kunciphise kakhulu ukuxhaphaka kunye nesalathisi sesifo sezifo zokuqala kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Itamatato ekhula ngokungapheliyo yanyangwa nge-polybulobulozole ixesha elifutshane lokuthintelwa kwaye yayinokuphinda ikhule kungekudala emva kokutyala, nto leyo eyayinceda ekuqiniseni isiqu kunye nokumelana nezifo.
Xa kuyimfuneko, ulawulo olungxamisekileyo lunokwenziwa kwisityalo seetumato sasentwasahlobo, xa izithole zisandula ukuvela kwaye izithole kufuneka zilawulwe, i-40mg/kg ifanelekile, kwaye uxinzelelo lunokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-75mg/kg ifanelekile. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthintela i-polybulobuzole kuxinzelelo oluthile malunga neeveki ezintathu. Ukuba ulawulo lwezityalo lugqithisile, i-100mg/kg ye-gibberellic acid inokutshizwa phezu kwamagqabi kwaye kongezwe isichumiso se-nitrogen ukuze kuncitshiswe.
Ingathintela ukuba ingabi namsebenzi. Kwinkqubo yokulima izithole zetamatato, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yobushushu bangaphandle obuphezulu kakhulu, isichumiso esininzi kakhulu, uxinano oluphezulu kakhulu, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunye nezinye izizathu ezibangelwa zizithole, ukongeza ekuhlwayeleni izithole ezahlukeneyo, ukulawula ukunkcenkceshela, ukuqinisa umoya, kunokuba amagqabi ama-3 ~ 4 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-7 ngaphambi kokutyala, kunye nokunkcenkceshela umhlaba omfutshane wemifuno ongama-250 ~ 500mg/kg, ukuthintela ukukhula.
Izithole ezincinci, ezingazaliyo kangako, zingatshizwa, zifikelele kumphezulu wegqabi lezithole kunye nesiqu zigqunywe ngamathontsi amancinci angaphumi kakuhle; Ukuba izithole zikhulu kwaye izinga lokungazali linzima, zingatshizwa okanye zigalelwe.
Ngokubanzi kwi-18 ~ 25℃, khetha iintsuku zangaphambi kwexesha, ezisemva kwexesha okanye ezinamafu onokuzisebenzisa. Emva kokufaka, kufuneka kungavumelekanga ukufaka umoya, ibhedi ebandayo kufuneka igqunywe ngefreyimu yefestile, igreenhouse kufuneka ivalwe kwishedi okanye ivale iingcango kunye neefestile, iphucule ubushushu bomoya kwaye ikhuthaze ukufunxwa kolwelo. Musa ukunkcenkceshela kungekapheli usuku olunye emva kokufaka ukuze uthintele ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ayinakusetyenziswa emini, kwaye isiphumo siqala emva kweentsuku ezili-10 emva kokutshiza, kwaye isiphumo singagcinwa kangangeeyure ezingama-20-30. Ukuba izithole azibonakali zingenamveliso, kungcono ungayinyangi irayisi emfutshane, nokuba izithole zetamatato zinde, inani lamaxesha okusebenzisa irayisi emfutshane akufuneki libe lininzi kakhulu, kungabi ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezi-2 kufanelekile.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-10-2024