1. I-Brassinosteroids ikhona ngokubanzi kwizityalo
Ngexesha lendaleko, izityalo ngokuthe ngcembe zenza uthungelwano lolawulo lwehomoni engapheliyo ukuphendula kuxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo lokusingqongileyo.Phakathi kwabo, i-brassinoids luhlobo lwe-phytosterols ezinomsebenzi wokukhuthaza ukunyuka kweeseli.Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kubukumkani bezityalo buphela ukusuka kwizityalo ezisezantsi ukuya phezulu, kwaye ezininzi ze-brassinoids analogs zifunyenwe.
2. I-brassinoids yendalo yeyona "isitshixo" sokuvula indlela engapheliyo ye-brassinoids.
I-brassinoids yendalo ifumaneka kakhulu kwiintyatyambo kunye nembewu, ilawula uphuhliso lokuzala, ukukhula kwembewu, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-stem kunye ne-root morphology, kwaye idlala indima efanelekileyo ekuxhathiseni izityalo kuxinzelelo [3, 5].I-brassinoids yokuqala eyachongwa isakhiwo sayo yi-brassinolide BL (Umfanekiso 1-1).Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wayo wendalo uphantsi kakhulu kwaye ukukhutshwa kwemizi-mveliso akunakwenzeka.Oku kubangele uthotho lwezinye iindlela zokwenziwa.Izityalo ziqonda i-hormone yokubona kunye nokuphendula ngomgaqo othi "lock kunye nesitshixo", kwaye i-brassinoids yendalo iyona "isitshixo" esilungileyo sokuvula umnyango wempendulo ye-brassinoids.Banobudlelwane obuluqilima kunye ne-receptors kwaye basebenza ngakumbi kuneendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-synthetic brassinolides.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-exogenous ye-brassinoids yendalo inokubonwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifakwe zizityalo, ifake ngokufanelekileyo ukulungelelaniswa okunganeleyo kwe-brassinoids engapheliyo ebangelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo, evumela iiseli ukuba ziphendule ngokukhawuleza, kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu, akukho kugatywa, kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu.
I-14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Umfanekiso 2), njenge-analog entsha ye-brassinosteroid kwi-rapeseed pollen, inokukhutshwa kwaye ihlanjululwe kwiibhetshi usebenzisa i-solvents enobungane.Yeyokuqala ye-brassinosteroid yendalo ukuqonda ukuveliswa kwemveliso eluhlaza..I-14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid ihlelwa njengetyhefu encinci okanye i-low-toxic kuhlelo lwe-Chinese ye-pesticide toxicity.Umlinganiselo we-toxicological yendalo esingqongileyo unetyhefu ephantsi kwaye unokonakala ngokulula, kwaye uvavanyo lwengozi yempilo yokusingqongileyo luphantsi (RQ<1).Iyingozi ebantwini nakubantu.Ukusingqongileyo kunye ne-biosafety, kuphela kwemveliso eyongeziweyo esekwe kwizityalo elizweni efumene "isiqinisekiso semathiriyeli yemveliso yokutya okuluhlaza" kunye nesatifikethi segalelo elise-United States.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwesicelo kubonisa ukuba i-brassinoids yendalo inokukhuthaza isivuno esiphezulu kunye nokunyusa ingeniso
(1) Khuthaza ukwahluka kweentyatyambo nokugcina iintyatyambo neziqhamo
Isivuno kunye nomgangatho wemithi yeziqhamo inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuphuhliswa kwamalungu eentyatyambo.Ukutshiza i-brassinoids yendalo ngexesha lokwahlulwa kwentyatyambo kunye nesigaba seziqhamo eziselula, okanye ukongeza umlinganiselo othile we-brassinoids yendalo ngexesha lovuvuzelo olufakelwayo kunokunyusa kakhulu ubuninzi kunye nomgangatho weentyantyambo zemithi yeziqhamo kunye nokunciphisa iintyatyambo ezigogekileyo.Ingaphucula ukusebenza kwepollination, inyuse izinga lokumiselwa kweziqhamo, kwaye yehlise intyatyambo neziqhamo, kwaye ibisetyenziswa kakhulu kutyalwa nokuveliswa kwemithi yeziqhamo emininzi efana ne kiwi, citrus, apile kunye ne jujube.
I-Kiwifruit ngumdiliya oqhelekileyo we-dioecious.Kwinkqubo yemveliso, ukuthunyelwa kwemvumvuzelo okwenziwayo kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukunyusa umvumvuzelwano kunye nezinga lokumisela iziqhamo.Xa ngaphezu kwe-2/3 yomthi wonke uqhakazile, sebenzisa i-brassinoids yendalo engumgubo exutywe ne-pollen kumlinganiselo we-1/50 ye-artificial point pollination okanye i-brassinoids yendalo isisombululo esinamanzi sihlanjululwe ngamaxesha angama-2500 kwi-pollination yokutshiza, enokunyusa kakhulu ukusetwa kweziqhamo. izinga kiwifruit kunye nokukhuthaza Umxholo vitamin C kunye umkhondo izinto kwisiqhamo kakhulu kuphucula ugcino kunye neempawu zothutho kunye nexabiso lesondlo iziqhamo kiwi.(Umfanekiso 3-4) [6].Ngexesha lesiqhamo esincinci sekiwifruit, i-agent edibeneyo ye-brassinoids yendalo, i-gibberellin, kunye ne-auxin inokutshizwa kwakhona, enokuthi ikhuthaze ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhula kweziqhamo eziselula, okukhokelela ekubunjweni kweziqhamo ezibhityileyo kunye nokunyuka kwe-20% -30% kubunzima besiqhamo esinye.
Ukuwa kwesiqhamo ngokwendalo ye-citrus kuyingozi, kwaye izinga lokumiselwa kwesiqhamo lidla ngokuba yi-2% -3%.Ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho weentyantyambo kunye nokunyusa izinga lokumisela isiqhamo, isiqhamo sendalo sisetyenziswa phambi kokuba zidubule, i-2/3 yeentyatyambo iye yabuna, kunye neentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 phambi kokuwa kwesiqhamo sesibini somzimba.Ukutshizwa kwe-brassinoids + i-gibberellic acid kunokunyusa izinga lokumisela iziqhamo ze-citrus nge-20% (i-Guangxi Sugar Orange).Iziqhamo ezincinci kunye neziqu zeziqhamo zijika zibe luhlaza kwiintsuku ezintathu kwangaphambili, kwaye izinga leziqhamo ezinokukhubazeka liphantsi.
(2) Guqula umbala, wongeze iswekile, kwaye uphucule umgangatho weziqhamo
Incasa yobuntwana yeziqhamo imele umlinganiselo ophezulu weswekile-asidi kwinqanaba eliqolileyo kunye nobutyebi bevithamini kunye nokulandelela izinto.Kumanqanaba okuqala okutshintsha kombala weziqhamo, ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-brassinoids yendalo + i-high-potassium foliar fertilizer etshizwe amaxesha angama-2-3 kuwo wonke umthi inokukhawulezisa ukufunxwa kwezondlo kunye nokuguqulwa, ukuphucula iphotosynthesis, ukukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kweswekile, kunye nokukhuthaza i-acids eziphilayo ezifana ne-citric acid. kunye ne-malic acid.I-quasi-degradation iguqulwa ibe yivithamini, i-flavonoids kunye nezinye izondlo, ukwandisa umlinganiselo we-sugar-acid kunye nokuqokelela kwezinto ze-flavour.Ikwanazo nefuthe lokukhuthaza ixolo elithambileyo kunye nokulungisa imilo yeziqhamo.
(3) Ukufunxwa kunye nokufaka imbewu yezityalo zasemasimini ukomeleza ukuxhathisa kunye nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwemveliso kunye nengeniso.
Umgangatho kunye nesivuno sezityalo zokutya zihambelana ngokusondeleyo neemeko zokusingqongileyo.I-brassinoids yendalo ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo ekuxhathiseni uxinzelelo olufana nobushushu obuphezulu, isomiso, umonakalo weqhwa, kunye netyuwa ngexesha lonke lokukhula kwezityalo zokutya.Okokuqala, ukugqunywa kwembewu, ukugquma kunye nolunye unyango ngaphambi kokuhlwayela kunokuphucula ukumila kwesityalo kwaye komeleze izithole (Umfanekiso 9).Okwesibini, ukutshiza i-brassinoids yendalo amaxesha angama-1-2 ngexesha elibalulekileyo lophuhliso lwezityalo ezinjengokuphulwa, iintyatyambo, kunye nokuzaliswa kweenkozo kunokumelana noxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo kunye nokwandisa isivuno sezityalo zokutya.I-brassinoids yendalo iye yakhuthazwa kwilizwe lonke ukulawula ukukhula kwengqolowa kunye nokwanda kwezivuno, ezibandakanya iindawo zokuvavanya i-11 kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuvelisa ingqolowa ezifana ne-Henan, i-Shandong, i-Shanxi, i-Shaanxi, i-Gansu, kunye ne-Jiangsu, kunye ne-avareji yokunyuka kwe-13.28%, apho isivuno se-13.28%. Ukunyuka kwesivuno sikaShanxi kwafikelela kuma-22.36%.
(4) Ukomeleza ukufunxa izondlo kunye nokukhuthaza imveliso yemifuno
Sebenzisa i-0.0075% yendalo ye-brassinosteroid isisombululo se-aqueous ehlanjululwe ngamaxesha angama-2500 kwaye utshizwe kumagqabi aphezulu emifuno ngamaxesha angama-1-2 ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa izityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezondlo, ukuphucula i-photosynthesis, kunye nokukhuthaza imveliso yemifuno.Iziphumo zovavanyo lwangaphakathi zibonise ukuba iintsuku ezi-6 emva kokutshiza kweqabunga, indawo yeqabunga ye-pakchoi kwiqela lonyango lwe-brassinosteroid yendalo yanda nge-20% xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula okucacileyo kwamanzi.
(5) Isebenza ngempumelelo ekuthinteleni ukubanda nokubanda
"Ukubanda kwasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo" luxinzelelo olubi oluqhelekileyo lwentwasahlobo, oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izivuno zezityalo.Tshiza i-8-15ml ye-brassinoids yendalo + entsha ye-potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar isondlo kwiintsuku ezi-2-4 ngaphambili, kwiintsuku ezi-3 emva koko, kunye neentsuku ezili-10-15 emva komonakalo obandayo okanye umonakalo womkhenkce wokomeleza ukuxhathisa kwezityalo kumonakalo obandayo okanye umonakalo womkhenkce. .Izityalo ezinomkhenkce zikhawuleza ziqalise ukukhula.Ingqele yasekupheleni kwentwasa-hlobo iya konakalisa ngaphezulu kwe-60% yecalyces yecherry.I-brassinoids yendalo + unyango lwe-potassium foliar ephezulu yesichumiso inokunciphisa kakhulu izinga lomonakalo nge-40% kwaye iqinisekise ukuvuthwa okuqhelekileyo.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokukhenkceza, inkqubo ye-photosynthetic yezityalo yonakele kwaye ifotosynthesis ayinakugqitywa ngokuqhelekileyo, ichaphazela kakhulu ukukhula kwezityalo.Kwiintsuku ezi-2-3 phambi kokuba izithole ze-tomato zibandezeleke kuxinzelelo lomkhenkce, fafaza isityalo sonke nge-2000-fold dilution yendalo ye-brassinosterol + i-amino acid foliar isondlo ukuze kusebenze i-peroxidase (POD) kunye ne-catalase (CAT) imisebenzi.Susa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwe-oxygen free radicals kwiitumato ukukhusela inkqubo ye-photosynthetic yezithole zetamatato phantsi koxinzelelo lomkhenkce kunye nokukhuthaza ukubuyiswa ngokukhawuleza emva koxinzelelo.
(6) Ulukhula oluhlanganisiweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle okwandisiweyo kunye nokhuseleko
I-brassinoids yendalo inokukhawuleza ukudibanisa inqanaba le-basal metabolic yezityalo.Kwelinye icala, xa isetyenziswa zidityaniswe nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, inokukhuthaza ukufunxwa nokuthuthwa kwamachiza ngokhula kwaye iphucule isiphumo sokutshabalalisa ukhula;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-pesticides zibonakala ziyingozi, i-brassicas yendalo kufuneka iphinde isetyenziswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo Ihomoni inokuvuselela indlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwezityalo, ikhawulezise i-metabolism ye-detoxification ye-pesticides emzimbeni, kwaye ikhuthaze ukubuyiswa kwezityalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-19-2024