Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwabemi kube yimingeni ephambili kukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi.Esinye isisombululo esithembisayo kukusetyenziswa kweizilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo(PGRs) ukwandisa izivuno zezityalo kwaye boyise iimeko zokukhula ezingathandekiyo ezifana nemozulu yasentlango.Kutshanje, i-carotenoid zaxinone kunye nee-analogues ezimbini (i-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5) zibonise umsebenzi othembisayo wokukhuthaza ukukhula kwizityalo eziziinkozo kunye nemifuno phantsi kwe-greenhouse kunye neemeko zentsimi.Apha, siphinde siphande iziphumo zoxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo lweMiZax3 kunye neMiZax5 (5 μM kunye ne-10 μM ngo-2021; 2.5 μM kunye ne-5 μM ngo-2022) ekukhuleni kunye nesivuno sezityalo ezibini zexabiso eliphezulu lemifuno eCambodia: iitapile kunye namaqunube.Arabia.Kuvavanyo lwentsimi ezintlanu ezizimeleyo ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2022, ukusetyenziswa kwazo zombini i-MiZax ziphucule kakhulu iimpawu ze-agronomic yezityalo, amacandelo esivuno kunye nesivuno sonke.Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-MiZax isetyenziswe kwiidosi eziphantsi kakhulu kune-humic acid (ikhompawundi yorhwebo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi apha ukuthelekisa).Ngaloo ndlela, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba i-MiZax ngumlawuli othembisayo wokukhula kwezityalo onokuthi usetyenziswe ukukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nesivuno sezityalo zemifuno nakwiimeko zentlango kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi.
NgokoMbutho woKutya kunye nezoLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO), iinkqubo zethu zemveliso yokutya kufuneka ziphantse zaphindaphindeka kathathu ngo-2050 ukondla abemi behlabathi abakhulayo (i-FAO: Ihlabathi liya kufuna i-70% yokutya ngaphezulu ngo-20501).Enyanisweni, ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwabemi, ungcoliseko, iintshukumo zezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kwaye ngakumbi amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nembalela ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu yonke imingeni ejongene nokhuseleko lokutya lwehlabathi2.Ngokubhekiselele koku, ukwandisa isivuno esipheleleyo sezityalo zezolimo kwiimeko eziphantsi sesinye sezisombululo ezingenakuphikiswa kule ngxaki icinezelayo.Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo zixhomekeke kakhulu ekufumanekeni kwezondlo emhlabeni kwaye zithintelwe kakhulu yizinto ezimbi zokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa nembalela, ityuwa okanye uxinzelelo lwe-biotic3,4,5.Olu xinzelelo lunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo nakuphuhliso lwezityalo kwaye ekugqibeleni lukhokelele ekucuthekeni kwezivuno zezityalo6.Ukongeza, imithombo yamanzi acwengileyo enyiniweyo inefuthe elibi kakhulu kunkcenkceshelo lwezityalo, ngelixa utshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi lunciphisa ngokungenakuthintelwa indawo yomhlaba olimekayo kunye neziganeko ezifana namaza obushushu anciphisa imveliso yezityalo7,8.Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aqhelekile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kuquka neSaudi Arabia.Ukusetyenziswa kwezivuseleli zezityalo (biostimulants) okanye izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo (PGRs) ziluncedo ekucutheni umjikelo wokukhula nokwandisa isivuno sezityalo.Ingaphucula ukunyamezelana kwezityalo kwaye yenza ukuba izityalo zimelane neemeko zokukhula ezingathandekiyo9.Kule nkalo, i-biostimulants kunye nabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo banokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nemveliso10,11.
I-Carotenoids i-tetraterpenoids ekwasebenza njenge-precursors ye-phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) kunye ne-strigolactone (SL) 12,13,14, kunye nezilawuli zokukhula ezisanda kufunyanwa i-zaxinone, i-anorene kunye ne-cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19.Nangona kunjalo, ininzi ye-metabolites yangempela, kubandakanywa i-carotenoid derivatives, inemithombo yendalo elinganiselweyo kunye / okanye ayizinzile, okwenza ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuthe ngqo kule ndawo kunzima.Ngoko ke, kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ii-analogue/i-mimetics ezininzi ze-ABA kunye ne-SL ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zavavanywa kwizicelo zezolimo20,21,22,23,24,25.Ngokufanayo, sisandul 'ukuphuhlisa i-mimetics ye-zaxinone (i-MiZax), i-metabolite ekhuthaza ukukhula enokuthi isebenzise imiphumo yayo ngokuphucula i-sugar metabolism kunye nokulawula i-homeostasis ye-SL kwiingcambu zerayisi19,26.I-mimetics ye-zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) kunye ne-MiZax5 (izakhiwo zeekhemikhali eziboniswe kwi-Figure 1A) zibonise umsebenzi we-biological ofana ne-zaxinone kwizityalo zerayisi zasendle ezikhuliswe nge-hydroponically kunye nomhlaba26.Ngaphezu koko, unyango lwe-tomato, isundu, i-pepper eluhlaza kunye nethanga kunye ne-zaxinone, i-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZx5 iphucule ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nemveliso, oko kukuthi, isivuno se-pepper kunye nomgangatho, phantsi kwe-greenhouse kunye neemeko zebala elivulekileyo, ebonisa indima yabo njenge-biostimulants kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-PGR27..Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 iphinde yaphucula ukunyamezela ityuwa ye-pepper eluhlaza ekhuliswe phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zetyuwa, kwaye i-MiZax3 yandisa umxholo we-zinc wesiqhamo xa ifakwe kwi-zinc-containing metal-organic frameworks7,28.
(A) Ubume beMichiza yeMiZax3 kunye neMiZax5.(B) Isiphumo sokutshizwa kwamagqabi e-MZ3 kunye ne-MZ5 kugxininiso lwe-5 µM kunye ne-10 µM kwizityalo zeetapile phantsi kweemeko zentsimi evulekileyo.Uvavanyo luya kuqhubeka ngo-2021. Idatha inikezelwe njengentsingiselo ± SD.n≥15.Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka (ANOVA) kunye novavanyo lwe-post hoc lwe-Tukey.Iinkwenkwezi zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekanga).I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Kulo msebenzi, siye savavanya i-MiZax (i-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5) kugxininiso lwamagqabi amathathu (5 µM kunye ne-10 µM ngo-2021 kunye ne-2.5 µM kunye ne-5 µM ngo-2022) saze sazithelekisa netapile (i-Solanum tuberosum L).Ulawulo lokukhula kwezorhwebo lwe-humic acid (HA) lufaniswa namaqunube (i-Fragaria ananassa) kwizilingo ze-strawberry greenhouse kwi-2021 kunye ne-2022 kunye nezilingo ezine zentsimi kwi-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, indawo eqhelekileyo yemozulu yasentlango.Nangona i-HA iyisistim esisetyenziswa kakhulu esineziphumo ezininzi eziluncedo, kubandakanya ukonyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezondlo zomhlaba kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwesityalo ngokulawula ihomeostasis yehomoni, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba iMiZax ingaphezulu kwe-HA.
Iitapile zodidi lweDayimane zathengwa kwiNkampani yokuRhweba iJabbar Nasser Al Bishi, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Izithole zeentlobo ezimbini zamaqunube "iSweet Charlie" kunye ne "Festival" kunye ne-humic acid zathengwa kwiNkampani yeModern Agritech, eRiyadh, eSaudi Arabia.Zonke izinto zezityalo ezisetyenziswa kulo msebenzi zithobela iNgxelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo we-IUCN kuPhando oluBandakanya iZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni wokuTshabalala kunye neNgqungquthela yoRhwebo lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni weZilo zasendle kunye neeFlora.
Indawo yovavanyo ibekwe eHada Al-Sham, eSaudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E).Umhlaba unesanti evunduvundu, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130.Iipropati zomhlaba zibonisiwe kwiTheyibhile eyoNgezelelweyo S1.
I-Strawberry (i-Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) izithole kwizigaba ezi-3 zamagqabi okwenene zohlulwe zangamaqela amathathu ukuvavanya isiphumo sokutshiza ngamahlamvu nge-10 μM MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 kwiimpawu zokukhula kunye nexesha lokutyatyamba phantsi kweemeko ze-greenhouse.Ukutshiza amaqabunga ngamanzi (equkethe i-0.1% ye-acetone) isetyenziswe njengonyango lomzekelo.Izitshizi ze-MiZax ze-foliar zifakwe amaxesha angama-7 ngexesha leveki enye.Imifuniselo emibini ezimeleyo yenziwa ngoSeptemba 15 kunye nama-28, 2021, ngokulandelelanayo.I-dose yokuqala ye-compound nganye yi-50 ml, emva koko yanda ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-dose yokugqibela ye-250 ml.Kwiiveki ezimbini ezilandelelanayo, inani lezityalo ezidubulayo lirekhodwa yonke imihla kwaye izinga leentyantyambo libalwe ekuqaleni kweveki yesine.Ukumisela iimpawu zokukhula, inani leqabunga, ubunzima besityalo esitsha kunye nesomileyo, indawo yeqabunga iyonke, kunye nenani le-stolon ngesityalo ngasinye zilinganiswe ekupheleni kwesigaba sokukhula nasekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuzala.Indawo yegqabi ilinganiswe kusetyenziswa imitha yendawo yegqabi kwaye iisampulu ezintsha zomiswa kwi-oven kwi-100 ° C iiyure ezingama-48.
Kwenziwa izilingo ezimbini emasimini: ukulima kwangethuba nasemva kwexesha.Iibhubhu zetapile zohlobo lwe "Diamant" zityalwa ngoNovemba nangoFebruwari, kunye namaxesha okuqala nasemva kokuvuthwa, ngokulandelanayo.I-Biostimulants (i-MiZax-3 kunye ne-5) ilawulwa ngokugxininiswa kwe-5.0 kunye ne-10.0 µM (2021) kunye ne-2.5 kunye ne-5.0 µM (2022).Gcoba i-humic acid (HA) 1 g / l amaxesha angama-8 ngeveki.Amanzi okanye i-acetone yayisetyenziswe njengolawulo olubi.Uyilo lovavanyo lwentsimi luboniswe kwi-(Figure S1).Uyilo olupheleleyo lwebhloko (RCBD) enendawo yeploti eyi-2.5 m × 3.0 m yasetyenziselwa ukwenza umfuniselo wentsimi.Unyango ngalunye luphindwe kathathu njengeekopi ezizimeleyo.Umgama phakathi kwendawo nganye yi-1.0 m, kwaye umgama phakathi kwebhloko nganye yi-2.0 m.Umgama phakathi kwezityalo ngu-0.6 m, umgama phakathi kwemiqolo yi-1 m.Izityalo zetapile zazinkcenkceshelwa yonke imihla ngedriphu ngesantya se-3.4 l kwidropha nganye.Inkqubo iqhuba kabini ngemini imizuzu eyi-10 ngexesha ngalinye ukubonelela ngamanzi kwizityalo.Zonke iindlela ezicetyiswayo ze-agrotechnical zokulima iitapile phantsi kweemeko zembalela zasetyenziswa31.Kwiinyanga ezine emva kokutyala, ubude besityalo (cm), inani lamasebe kwisityalo ngasinye, ukubunjwa kweetapile kunye nesivuno, kunye nomgangatho we-tuber walinganiswa kusetyenziswa ubuchule obuqhelekileyo.
Izithole zeentlobo ezimbini zamaqunube (iSweet Charlie kunye noMnyhadala) zavavanywa phantsi kweemeko zentsimi.I-Biostimulants (i-MiZax-3 kunye ne-5) isetyenziswe njengezitshizi zeqabunga kwiimpawu ze-5.0 kunye ne-10.0 µM (2021) kunye ne-2.5 kunye ne-5.0 µM (2022) amaxesha asibhozo ngeveki.Sebenzisa i-1 g ye-HA ilitha nganye njengesitshizi se-foliar ngokuhambelana ne-MiZax-3 kunye ne-5, kunye nomxube wokulawula i-H2O okanye i-acetone njengolawulo olubi.Izithole zestrawberry zatyalwa kwisiza esiyi-2.5 x 3 m ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kwaye isithuba sesityalo sibe yi-0.6 m kwaye isithuba semiqolo sibe yi-1 m.Uvavanyo lwenziwa kwi-RCBD kwaye lwaphindwa kathathu.Izityalo zinkcenkceshelwa imizuzu eli-10 ngosuku ngalunye ngo-7:00 kunye ne-17:00 kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngedriphu eneedriphu eziqelelene nge-0.6 m kunye nomthamo we-3.4 L. Amacandelo e-Agrotechnical kunye neeparamitha zesivuno ziye zajongwa ngexesha lokukhula.Umgangatho weziqhamo ezibandakanya i-TSS (%), i-vitamin C32, i-acidity kunye ne-phenolic content33 yavavanywa kwiLebhu ye-Postharvest Physiology kunye neTekhnoloji yeYunivesithi yaseKing Abdulaziz.
Idatha ivakaliswa njengeendlela kwaye ukwahluka kubonakaliswa njengokutenxa okusemgangathweni.Ukubaluleka kwamanani kwamiselwa kusetyenziswa i-ANOVA yendlela enye (indlela enye i-ANOVA) okanye i-ANOVA yeendlela ezimbini usebenzisa uvavanyo lothelekiso oluninzi lwe-Tukey kusetyenziswa inqanaba elinokubakho le-p <0.05 okanye uvavanyo lwe-t olunemisila emibini yoMfundi ukubona umahluko omkhulu (* p <0.05 , * *p < 0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001).Lonke utoliko lwamanani lwenziwe kusetyenziswa i-GraphPad Prism version 8.3.0.Imibutho yavavanywa ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwecandelo eliphambili (PCA), indlela yezibalo ezininzi, usebenzisa i-R package 34.
Kwingxelo yangaphambili, sibonise umsebenzi wokukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-MiZax ekugxininiseni kwe-5 kunye ne-10 μM kwizityalo ze-horticultural kunye nokuphucula isalathisi se-chlorophyll kwi-Soil Plant Assay (SPAD)27.Ngokusekwe kwezi ziphumo, sisebenzise ugxininiso olufanayo ukuvavanya iziphumo ze-MiZax kwiitapile, isityalo sokutya esibalulekileyo sehlabathi, kuvavanyo lwentsimi kwimozulu yasentlango ngo-2021. , isiphelo sephotosynthesis.Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MiZax kuphuculwe ukukhula kwezityalo zetapile xa kuthelekiswa ne-humic acid (HA), okubangelwa ukwanda kobude bezityalo, i-biomass kunye nenani lamasebe (umzobo 1B).Ukongeza, siqaphele ukuba i-5 μM MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 zinefuthe elinamandla ekwandiseni ubude besityalo, inani lamasebe, kunye ne-biomass yezityalo xa kuthelekiswa ne-10 μM (Umfanekiso 1B).Kanye kunye nokukhula okuphuculweyo, i-MiZax yandisa isivuno, ilinganiswa nenani kunye nobunzima beebhubhu ezivuniweyo.Isiphumo esiluncedo sisonke sachazwa kancinci xa i-MiZax yayilawulwa kuxinzelelo lwe-10 μM, icebisa ukuba ezi khompawundi kufuneka zilawulwe kugxininiso olungaphantsi koku (Umfanekiso 1B).Ukongezelela, asizange siqaphele nantlukwano kuzo zonke iiparitha ezirekhodiweyo phakathi kwe-acetone (i-mock) kunye namanzi (ukulawula) unyango, ebonisa ukuba imiphumo yokumodareyitha yokukhula ebonwayo ayizange ibangelwa yi-solvent, ehambelana nengxelo yethu yangaphambili27.
Kuba ixesha lokulima iitapile eSaudi Arabia liquka ukuvuthwa kwangoko nangemva kwexesha, siye saqhuba uphononongo lwasendle lwesibini ngo-2022 sisebenzisa ugxininiso oluphantsi (2.5 kunye ne-5 µM) kwiisizini ezimbini zonyaka ukuvavanya ifuthe lexesha lonyaka lamasimi avulekileyo (Figure Supplementary Figure S2A).Njengoko kulindelekile, zombini izicelo ze-5 μM MiZax zivelise iziphumo ezikhuthaza ukukhula ezifana nezo kulingo lokuqala: ukwanda kobude besityalo, ukunyuka kwe-branching, i-biomass ephezulu, kunye nenani le-tuber eyandayo (umzobo 2; i-Fig. S3).Okubalulekileyo, siye sabona iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zezi PGRs kugxininiso lwe-2.5 μM, ngelixa unyango lwe-GA aluzange lubonise iziphumo eziqikelelweyo.Esi siphumo sicebisa ukuba iMiZax ingasetyenziswa nakwizigxina ezisezantsi kunokuba bekulindelwe.Ukongeza, isicelo seMiZax sandise ubude kunye nobubanzi bee-tubers (Umfanekiso owongezelelweyo S2B).Siphinde safumana ukonyuka okubalulekileyo kubunzima be-tuber, kodwa ugxininiso lwe-2.5 µM lusetyenziswe kuphela kuwo omabini amaxesha okulima.
Uvavanyo lwezityalo lwephenotypic yempembelelo ye-MiZax kwizityalo ezivuthwa kwangoko kwiitapile kwintsimi ye-KAU, olwenziwa ngo-2022. Idatha ibonisa ± ukutenxa okusemgangathweni.n≥15.Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka (ANOVA) kunye novavanyo lwe-post hoc lwe-Tukey.Iinkwenkwezi zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekanga).I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Ukuqonda kakuhle imiphumo yonyango (T) kunye nonyaka (Y), iindlela ezimbini ze-ANOVA zisetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenzisana kwazo (T x Y).Nangona zonke i-biostimulants (T) zandise kakhulu ubude besityalo setapile kunye ne-biomass, yi-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 kuphela eyandise kakhulu inani le-tuber kunye nobunzima, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iimpendulo eziphindwe kabini zeetapile zetapile kwi-MiZax zimbini ziyafana (Fig. 3)).Ukongeza, ekuqaleni kwexesha lonyaka imozulu (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) iba shushu (i-avareji ye-28 °C kunye ne-52% yokufuma (2022), enciphisa kakhulu. i-biomass ye-tuber iyonke (i-Fig. 2; iFig. S3 eyoNgezelelweyo).
Funda iziphumo zonyango lwe-5 µm (T), unyaka (Y) kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo (T x Y) kwiitapile.Idatha ibonisa ± ukutenxa okusemgangathweni.n ≥ 30. Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lweendlela ezimbini zokungafani (ANOVA).Iinkwenkwezi zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekanga).I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Nangona kunjalo, unyango lweMyzax lusenomdla wokuvuselela ukukhula kwezityalo ezivuthwa kade.Ngokubanzi, iimvavanyo zethu ezintathu ezizimeleyo zibonise ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-MiZax kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo sezityalo ngokwandisa inani lamasebe.Enyanisweni, kwakukho umphumo obalulekileyo wokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-T) kunye (Y) kwinani lamasebe emva konyango lwe-MiZax (umzobo 3).Esi siphumo sihambelana nomsebenzi wabo njengabalawuli ababi be-strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26.Ukongeza, siye sabonisa ngaphambili ukuba unyango lwe-Zaxinone lubangela ukuqokelelwa kwesitatshi kwiingcambu zerayisi35, enokuthi ichaze ukwanda kobungakanani kunye nobunzima beetapile zetapile emva konyango lweMiZax, kuba iibhubhu zenziwa ikakhulu sistatshi.
Izityalo zeziqhamo zizityalo ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho.Amaqunube anovelwano kwiimeko zoxinzelelo lwe-abiotic ezifana nembalela kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.Ke ngoko, siphande ifuthe leMiZax kumaqunube ngokutshiza amagqabi.Siqale sabonelela nge-MiZax kugxininiso lwe-10 µM ukuvavanya isiphumo salo ekukhuleni kwamaqunube (umnyhadala wecultivar).Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, siqaphele ukuba i-MiZax3 inyuse kakhulu inani le-stolons, elihambelana nokunyuka kwe-branching, ngelixa i-MiZax5 iphucula izinga leentyantyambo, i-biomass yezityalo, kunye nommandla wamagqabi phantsi kweemeko ze-greenhouse (Supplementary Figure S4), ebonisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zimbini zinokuhluka ngokwebhayoloji.Iziganeko 26,27.Ukuqonda ngakumbi iziphumo zabo kumaqunube phantsi kweemeko zezolimo zokwenyani, siye saqhuba iimvavanyo zentsimi sisebenzisa i-5 kunye ne-10 μM MiZax kwizityalo zequnube (cv. Sweet Charlie) ezikhule kumhlaba osisanti ngo-2021 (fig. S5A).Xa kuthelekiswa ne-GC, asizange sibone ukwanda kwezityalo zezityalo, kodwa sifumene umkhwa wokunyuka kwenani leziqhamo (umzobo C6A-B).Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MiZax kukhokelele ekonyukeni okukhulu kobunzima besiqhamo esinye kwaye kwachazwa kukuxhomekeka koxinzelelo (Umfanekiso owongezelelweyo S5B; uMzobo owoNgezelelweyo S6B), ebonisa impembelelo yaba balawuli bokukhula kwezityalo kumgangatho weziqhamo zequnube xa zisetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko zasentlango.impembelelo.
Ukuqonda ukuba ingaba isiphumo sokukhula siyahluka ngokohlobo lomhlanganisela, sikhethe imihlanganisela emibini yorhwebo lwequnube e-Saudi Arabia (i-Sweet Charlie kunye noMnyhadala) kwaye saqhuba izifundo ezimbini kwintsimi ngo-2022 sisebenzisa ugxininiso oluphantsi lwe-MiZax (2.5 kunye ne-5 µM).I-Sweet Charlie, nangona inani elipheleleyo leziqhamo alizange likhule kakhulu, i-biomass yeziqhamo zezityalo eziphathwe nge-MiZax zaziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye inani leziqhamo kwisicwangciso landa emva konyango lwe-MiZax3 (umzobo 4).Ezi datha zicebisa ukuba imisebenzi yebhayoloji ye-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 inokwahluka.Ukongezelela, emva kokunyanga nge-Myzax, siye sabona ukwanda kobunzima obutsha kunye nobomileyo bezityalo, kunye nobude bamahlumela ezityalo.Ngokumalunga nenani le-stolons kunye nezityalo ezitsha, sifumene ukwanda kuphela kwi-5 μM MiZax (Umfanekiso 4), ebonisa ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kweMiZax kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo zezityalo.
Umphumo weMiZax kwisakhiwo sesityalo kunye nesivuno se-strawberry (iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Sweet Charlie) ukusuka kwintsimi ye-KAU, eqhutywe ngo-2022. Idatha imele ithetha ± ukuphambuka okusemgangathweni.n ≥ 15, kodwa inani leziqhamo kwiploti nganye libalwe ngokomyinge ukusuka kwizityalo ezili-15 ukusuka kwiiplani ezintathu (n = 3).Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka (ANOVA) kunye novavanyo lwesithuba se-Tukey okanye uvavanyo olunemisila emibini yoMfundi.Iinkwenkwezi zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekanga).I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Siphinde sabona umsebenzi ofanayo wokukhuthaza ukukhula ngokubhekiselele kwisisindo seziqhamo kunye nezityalo ze-biomass kwi-strawberries yoMthendeleko ohlukeneyo (Umfanekiso we-5), kodwa akazange afumane umahluko obalulekileyo kwinani elipheleleyo leziqhamo kwisityalo ngasinye okanye kwiploti nganye (umzobo 5) ..Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweMiZax kwandisa ubude bezityalo kunye nenani le-stolons, ebonisa ukuba ezi zityalo zilawula ukukhula kwezityalo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukukhula kwezityalo zeziqhamo (umzobo 5).Ukongeza, silinganise iiparamitha ezininzi ze-biochemical ukuqonda umgangatho weziqhamo zemihlanganiselwa emibini eqokelelwe entsimini, kodwa asifumananga mahluko phakathi kwazo zonke iindlela zonyango (umzobo owongezelelweyo S7; uMzobo owoNgezelelweyo S8).
Impembelelo ye-MiZax kwisakhiwo sesityalo kunye nesivuno se-strawberry kwintsimi ye-KAU (uhlobo lweFestival), 2022. Idatha ithetha ± ukuphambuka okusemgangathweni.n ≥ 15, kodwa inani leziqhamo kwiploti nganye libalwe ngokomyinge ukusuka kwizityalo ezili-15 ukusuka kwiiplani ezintathu (n = 3).Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka (ANOVA) kunye novavanyo lwesithuba se-Tukey okanye uvavanyo olunemisila emibini yoMfundi.Iinkwenkwezi zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekanga).I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Kwizifundo zethu zamaqunube, imisebenzi yebhayoloji yeMiZax3 kunye neMiZax5 iye yahluka.Siqale savavanya iziphumo zonyango (T) kunye nonyaka (Y) kumhlanganisela ofanayo (Sweet Charlie) usebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ze-ANOVA ukumisela ukusebenzisana kwabo (T x Y).Ngokufanelekileyo, i-HA ayizange ibenampembelelo kwicultivar yequnube (i-Sweet Charlie), ngelixa i-5 μM MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 yandise kakhulu isityalo kunye ne-biomass yeziqhamo (umzobo 6), ebonisa ukuba intsebenziswano yeendlela ezimbini zeMiZax ziyafana kakhulu ekukhuthazeni iqunube. imveliso.
Vavanya iziphumo ze-5 µM unyango (T), unyaka (Y) kunye nokusebenzisana kwabo (T x Y) kumaqunube (cv. Sweet Charlie).Idatha ibonisa ± ukutenxa okusemgangathweni.n ≥ 30. Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lweendlela ezimbini zokungafani (ANOVA).Iinkwenkwezi zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekanga).I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi we-MiZax kwimihlanganisela emibini yahluke kancinane (Umfanekiso 4; umzobo 5), senze i-ANOVA yokuthelekisa unyango (T) kunye nemihlanganisela emibini (C).Okokuqala, akukho nyango luchaphazelekayo kwinani lesiqhamo kwiploti nganye (Umfanekiso 7), ebonisa ukuba akukho ntsebenziswano ebalulekileyo phakathi (T x C) kwaye iphakamisa ukuba akukho MiZax okanye i-HA igalelo kwinani elipheleleyo lesiqhamo.Ngokwahlukileyo, i-MiZax (kodwa kungekhona i-HA) yandisa kakhulu ubunzima bezityalo, ubunzima beziqhamo, i-stolons kunye nezityalo ezitsha (umzobo 7), ebonisa ukuba i-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 ikhuthaza kakhulu ukukhula kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ze-strawberry.Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezimbini ze-ANOVA (T x Y) kunye (T x C), sinokugqiba ukuba imisebenzi yokukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 phantsi kweemeko zentsimi zifana kakhulu kwaye zihambelana.
Uvavanyo lonyango lwamaqunube nge-5 µM (T), iindidi ezimbini (C) kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo (T x C).Idatha ibonisa ± ukutenxa okusemgangathweni.n ≥ 30, kodwa inani leziqhamo kwiploti nganye libalwe ngokomyinge ukusuka kwizityalo ezili-15 ukusuka kwiiplani ezintathu (n = 6).Uhlalutyo lwamanani lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lweendlela ezimbini zokwahluka (ANOVA).Iinkwenkwezi zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekanga).I-HA - i-asidi ye-humic;MZ3, MiZax3;MZ5, MiZax5.
Ekugqibeleni, sasebenzisa uhlalutyo lwecandelo eliphambili (PCA) ukuvavanya imiphumo ye-compounds esetyenzisiweyo kwiifatata (T x Y) kunye ne-strawberries (T x C).La manani abonisa ukuba unyango lwe-HA lufana ne-acetone kwiifatata okanye amanzi kwi-strawberries (Umfanekiso 8), ebonisa umphumo omncinci omncinci ekukhuleni kwezityalo.Okubangela umdla kukuba, iziphumo zizonke zeMiZax3 kunye neMiZax5 zibonise ukusasazwa okufanayo kwiitapile (Umfanekiso 8A), ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kwezi khompawundi zimbini kwiqunube kwakwahlukile (Umfanekiso 8B).Nangona i-MiZax3 kunye ne-MiZax5 ibonise ukusabalalisa okulungileyo kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezityalo kunye nesivuno, uhlalutyo lwe-PCA lubonise ukuba umsebenzi wokulawula ukukhula unokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo zezityalo.
Uhlalutyo lwecandelo eliphambili (PCA) ye (A) iitapile (T x Y) kunye (B) namaqunube (T x C).Amanqaku eeploti zawo omabini amaqela.Umgca odibanisa icandelo ngalinye ukhokelela kumbindi weqela.
Ngamafutshane, ngokusekwe kwizifundo zethu ezintlanu ezizimeleyo zentsimi kwizityalo ezibini ezixabisekileyo kwaye zihambelana neengxelo zethu zangaphambili ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-202226, iMiZax3 kunye neMiZax5 zithembisa ukulawula ukukhula kwezityalo ezinokuphucula ukukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo., kuquka iicereals, izityalo zemithi (date palms) kunye nezityalo zeziqhamo ze-horticultural26,27.Nangona iindlela zemolekyuli ezingaphaya kwemisebenzi yazo yebhayoloji zihlala zinqabile, zinamandla amakhulu osetyenziso lwendawo.Okona kulungileyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-humic acid, i-MiZax isetyenziswa kumanani amancinci kakhulu (inqanaba le-micromolar okanye i-milligram) kunye neziphumo ezilungileyo zibonakala ngakumbi.Ke ngoko, siqikelela idosi ye-MiZax3 ngesicelo ngasinye (ukusuka kwiqondo eliphantsi ukuya kwiqondo eliphezulu): 3, 6 okanye 12 g/ha kunye nedosi ye-MiZx5: 4, 7 okanye 13 g/ha, nto leyo eyenza ezi PGR zibe luncedo ekuphuculeni izivuno zezityalo .Iyakwazi ukwenzeka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-15-2024