Intshayelelo:
ISITYALO SEZINYATHELI ZEBHAYILOJIsisisombululo esiguqukayo esingagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ulawulo olusebenzayo lwezinambuzane kodwa sikwanciphisa impembelelo embi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Le ndlela iphambili yolawulo lwezinambuzane ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo ezivela kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana nezityalo, iibhaktheriya kunye neefungi. Kweli nqaku libanzi, siza kuhlola ukusetyenziswa okunzulu, iingenelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweizibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji, enika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngale ndlela ilungileyo kwindalo.
1. Ukuqonda izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji:
1.1 Inkcazo: Izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji, ezikwaziwa ngokuba zi-biopesticides, zizinto ezithathwe kwizinto eziphilayo okanye kwimveliso yazo, ezijolise kwizinambuzane ngelixa zibeka umngcipheko omncinci kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga kuzo.
1.2 Ukuguquguquka Kokusetyenziswa: Izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo, zezityalo, nezasekhaya. Zinokulwa neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinambuzane, kubandakanya izinambuzane, ukhula, iifungi, kunye nezifo zezityalo.
1.3 Izinto Eziphambili: Izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwi-biochemical pesticides ziquka ii-microbial agents (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye nefungi), ii-biochemicals (ii-pheromones kunye nezityalo ezithathwe kwizityalo), kunye nee-macroorganisms (izilwanyana ezidla ezinye kunye nee-parasitoids).
2. Iingenelo zeZibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji:
2.1 Impembelelo Encitshisiweyo Kwindalo Esingqongileyo: Ngokungafaniyo neekhemikhali zokubulala izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo, ezinye iindlela zebhayoloji zinemiphumo emincinci eseleyo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko lwamanzi, umhlaba kunye nomoya. Ngaphezu koko, azizilimazi izinambuzane eziluncedo, iintaka, okanye izilwanyana, zigcina ulwahlulo lwezinto eziphilayo.
2.2 Ubuchule Obuphuculweyo Bokucacisa Iinjongo: Izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zibonisa isenzo sokukhetha izinambuzane ekujoliswe kuzo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakalisa izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo. Olu buchule buqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezingezizo ezijoliswe kuzo ezibalulekileyo kwibhalansi yendalo azinabungozi.
2.3 Uphuhliso Oluncinci Lokumelana Nezitshabalalisi: Izinambuzane zihlala zikhula zikwazi ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane zeekhemikhali ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izibulala-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba izinambuzane zikhule zikwazi ukumelana nezitshabalalisi.
3. Iintlobo zeZibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji:
3.1 Izibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa kwiintsholongwane: Ezi zisebenzisa iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neefungi kwifomyula. I-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sisibulali-zinambuzane esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintsholongwane esisebenza kakuhle ekulweni neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinambuzane.
3.2 Izibulali-zinambuzane zeBiochemical: Ezivela kwimithombo yendalo efana nezityalo, izibulali-zinambuzane zebiochemical ziquka iipheromones, izicatshulwa zezityalo, ii-enzymes, okanye iihomoni zezinambuzane. Ezi ziphazamisa indlela izinambuzane eziziphatha ngayo, iipateni zokudibana, okanye ukukhula.
3.3 Izibulali-zinambuzane zeMacrobial: Ngokusebenzisa ii-macroorganisms ezifana nezinambuzane ezitya ezinye izilwanyana, ii-nematodes, okanye ii-parasitoids, ezi ntshaba zezinambuzane eziphila ngokwemvelo zinceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwendalo ngokujolisa kwizinambuzane ezithile.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kweIzibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji:
4.1 Icandelo lezoLimo: Izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizenzo zolimo ezizinzileyo njengoko zinegalelo kwizicwangciso zolawulo lwezinambuzane ezidibeneyo (IPM). Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizibulali-zinambuzane zeekhemikhali kwaye kukhuthaze impilo yokusingqongileyo yexesha elide.
4.2 Ukulima Izityalo Nokulima Igadi: Iiarhente zokulawula izinto eziphilayo zilwa ngempumelelo nezinambuzane kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, nakwiigadi zangaphandle, zigcina impilo yezityalo kwaye zinciphisa iintsalela zeekhemikhali kwimveliso.
4.3 Ulawulo lweZinambuzane zaseKhaya: Emakhaya nakwiindawo zokuhlala, izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zinokulawula ngokukhuselekileyo izinambuzane ezifana neembovane, iingcongconi, kunye neempukane ngaphandle kokubeka impilo yabantu abahlala kuzo, izilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye nokusingqongileyo emngciphekweni.
5. Ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ngebhayoloji:
5.1 Uphando noPhuhliso: Utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuphando nophuhliso lubalulekile ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye noluhlu lweendlela zokubulala izinambuzane zebhayoloji. Oorhulumente kunye nemibutho kufuneka babelane ngezixhobo zokuxhasa uphuhliso lwesayensi kweli candelo.
5.2 Ukwazisa Uluntu: Ukufundisa abalimi, abalimi begadi, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi malunga neenzuzo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibulali zinambuzane zebhayoloji kubalulekile. Ukugxininisa amabali empumelelo kunye nezifundo zamatyala kuya kunceda ekukhuthazeni ukwamkelwa ngakumbi kwale ndlela izinzileyo.
5.3 Inkxaso Yolawulo: Oorhulumente kufuneka bamisele imithetho ecacileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Oku kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwezorhwebo kunye nokufumaneka kweemveliso zokulawula izinambuzane zebhayoloji ezinokuthenjwa.
Isiphelo:
Izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zibonelela ngendlela enzulu nezinzileyo yokulawula izinambuzane, zibonelela ngolawulo olusebenzayo ngelixa zinciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, impembelelo encitshisiweyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga kuzo, kunye nophuhliso oluncinci lokumelana nazo kuzenza zibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwezolimo, ukulima izityalo, nakwiindawo zasekhaya. Ngokukhuthaza uphando, ulwazi, kunye nenkxaso yolawulo, singakhuthaza ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji, siqonda amandla azo amakhulu ekudaleni ulungelelwano oluhambelanayo phakathi kwemisebenzi yabantu kunye nendalo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-24-2023