Intshayelelo:
ISIGCAWU SOKUZIBAYAsisisombululo senguquko esingaqinisekisi kuphela ulawulo olusebenzayo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kodwa sicutha ifuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo.Le ndlela ihambele phambili yokulawula izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo eziphuma kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana nezityalo, ibhaktiriya kunye nokungunda.Kweli nqaku libanzi, siza kuphonononga ukusetyenziswa okunzulu, izibonelelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweamayeza ebhayoloji, enika ingcaciso eneenkcukacha yale ndlela yokusebenzela eco-friendly.
1. Ukuqonda izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji:
1.1 Ingcaciso: Izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji, ezikwaziwa ngokuba zizibulali-zinambuzane, zizinto eziphuma kwizinto eziphilayo okanye kwimveliso yazo, zijolise kwizitshabalalisi ngelixa zibeka imingcipheko emincinci kokusingqongileyo nakwizinto ezingezizo ekujoliswe kuzo.
1.2 Ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: Izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo, ezezityalo nezasekhaya.Ziyakwazi ukulwa neentlobo ezininzi zezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, kuquka izinambuzane, ukhula, ukungunda, nezifo zezityalo.
1.3 Amacandelo aPhambili: Awona malungu aphambili kwizitshabalalisi zebhayoloji abandakanya ii-microbial agents (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye nokungunda), iikhemikhali zebhayoloji (iipheromones kunye nezicatshulwa zezityalo), kunye ne-macroorganisms (izilwanyana ezizingelayo kunye neeparasitoids).
2. Inzuzo yezibulali zinambuzane:
2.1 UkuNcitshiswa kweMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo: Ngokungafaniyo nezibulali-zinambuzane eziqhelekileyo zemichiza, ezinye iindlela zebhayoloji zikholisa ukuba neziphumo ezincinci ezishiyekileyo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wamanzi, umhlaba, kunye nongcoliseko lomoya.Ngaphezu koko, abenzi monakalo kwizinambuzane, iintaka, okanye izilwanyana ezilondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
2.2 Ukuchaneka okuGciniweyo okujoliswe kuko: Izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji zibonisa isenzo esikhethekileyo esijoliswe kwizitshabalalisi ekujoliswe kuzo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo eziluncedo.Le ngcaciso iqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga kungqameko lwenkqubo yendalo zihlala zingonzakali.
2.3 Uphuhliso loLwano oluNcinci: Izitshabalalisi zihlala zikhula ukumelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa izitshabalalisi ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ezenza zingasebenzi kakuhle.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesenzo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba izinambuzane zikhule ukumelana.
3. Iindidi zeBiological Pesticides:
3.1 Izibulali-zinambuzane: Ezi zisebenzisa iintsholongwane ezifana nebhaktiriya, iintsholongwane, kunye nokungunda xa kusenziwa.I-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sisibulali-zinambuzane esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi esisebenza kuluhlu lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo.
3.2 I-Biochemical Pesticides: Ephuma kwimithombo yendalo efana nezityalo, i-biochemical pesticides iqukethe i-pheromones, i-extracts yezityalo, i-enzymes, okanye i-hormone yezinambuzane.Oku kuphazamisa ukuziphatha kwezinambuzane, iipatheni zokukhwelana, okanye ukukhula.
3.3 Amachiza ezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo: Ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezinambuzane ezizingelayo, i-nematodes, okanye i-parasitoids, ezi ntshaba zivela ngokwemvelo zinceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwe-ikholoji ngokujolisa izinambuzane ezithile.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kweIzitshabalalisi zebhayoloji:
4.1 Icandelo lezoLimo: Izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizenzo zezolimo ezizinzileyo njengoko zinegalelo kubuchule bolawulo lwezinambuzane ezidibeneyo (IPM).Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunokunciphisa ukuthembela kwizitshabalalisi zemichiza kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yexesha elide yokusingqongileyo.
4.2 Ukulinywa kweHorticulture kunye nokuTyalwa kweGadi: Ii-arhente zolawulo lwebhayoloji zilwa ngempumelelo nezitshabalalisi kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, kwii-nursery, nakwiigadi zangaphandle, zigcina impilo yezityalo kunye nokunciphisa intsalela yemichiza kwimveliso.
4.3 ULawulo lweZitshabalalisi zaseKhaya: Emakhayeni nakwiindawo zokuhlala, izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji zinokulawula ngokukhuselekileyo izitshabalalisi ezifana neembovane, iingcongconi, neempukane ngaphandle kokubeka imingcipheko yempilo kubantu abahlala kuzo, izilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nokusingqongileyo.
5. Ukukhuthaza Ukwamkelwa Kwezitshabalalisi Zebhayoloji:
5.1 UPhando noPhuhliso: Utyalo-mali oluthe gqolo kuphando nakuphuhliso lubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza noluhlu lweendlela zokhetho zezitshabalalisi zebhayoloji.Oorhulumente kunye nemibutho kufuneka babele izibonelelo zokuxhasa inkqubela yezenzululwazi kweli candelo.
5.2 Ukwazisa uluntu: Ukufundisa amafama, abalimi, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi malunga neenzuzo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji kubalulekile.Ukuqaqambisa amabali empumelelo kunye nophononongo lweziganeko kuya kunceda ukwamkela okwandisiweyo kwale ndlela yolondolozo.
5.3 Inkxaso yoLawulo: Oorhulumente kufuneka baseke imigaqo ecacileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Oku kukhuthaza imveliso yorhwebo kunye nokufumaneka kweemveliso ezithembekileyo zokulawula izinambuzane zebhayoloji.
Isiphelo:
Izitshabalalisi zebhayoloji zibonelela ngendlela enzulu nezinzileyo kulawulo lwezinambuzane, ukunika ulawulo olusebenzayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo.Ukusetyenziswa kwazo okuguquguqukayo, impembelelo encitshisiweyo kwizinto ezingajoliswanga, kunye nophuhliso olunqongopheleyo lokuxhathisa kuzenza zibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwezolimo, ukulima, kunye neendawo zokuhlala.Ngokukhuthaza uphando, ukwazisa, kunye nenkxaso yolawulo, sinokukhuthaza ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezitshabalalisi zebhayoloji, siqonde amandla azo amakhulu ekudaleni ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwemisebenzi yabantu kunye nendalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-24-2023