Urhulumente wobumbano waseBrazil umisele ikomiti yokuphendula kwiingxaki ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezifunekayo ekuvelisweni kwezichumisi ze-phosphate ngexesha lesivuno sika-2026/27 zinokubonelelwa. Iingcali zonxibelelwano zaseBrazil ziye zabamba iingxoxo nabathengisi bezichumisi abaphambili belizwe – iRashiya, iTshayina neMorocco – kwaye zizimisele ukuthenga ngamaxabiso emarike ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa.
Ngowama-2025, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi eBrazil bekuziitoni ezingama-491 ezigidi, apho umthamo wokungeniswa ufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-455 ezigidi. Ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa liyi-14.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, nto leyo ethetha i-92% yemfuno yasekhaya. Ngowama-2024, eli zinga lokuxhomekeka lifikelele kwi-97%. Ngokutsho kweBrazilian Association of Agriculture and Livestock (CNA), kwixesha elizayo lokutyala, kuthengwe kuphela i-40% ukuya kwi-45% yezichumisi ezifunekayo.
I-Brazilian Fertilizer Raw Materials Association (Sinprifert) kunye ne-National Fertilizer Association (Anda) zilumkisile urhulumente malunga nokunqongophala kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngezichumiso ze-phosphate kunye ne-sulfur, i-sulfuric acid, njl. I-Brazil ixhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kwiimveliso ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuze isebenzise i-sulfur, kwaye ubunzima bokubonelela buye bakhokelela kwezinye iifektri zokucubungula ukunciphisa imveliso okanye ukuvala.
Kwiingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe, lo rhulumente uvavanya amandla okuvelisa akhoyo ababoneleli kwaye ucinga ngokusayina isivumelwano sokuqondana ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwezinto xa kukho iimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
Kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala zika-2026, umthamo wezichumisi ezingeniswe ngeParanaguá Port wehle phantse ngama-45% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Oku kwehla kubonisa ubunzima bezothutho obubangelwe yimfazwe eMbindi Mpuma kunye nokuncitshiswa kwenzuzo yabangenisi ngenxa yezinga lenzala eliphezulu.
I-China ikwiingxoxo neBrazil ngemiba yerhafu. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukufikelela kwisivumelwano necala laseTshayina sesona sisombululo sithembisayo.
Ngenxa yokuba imeko ye-El Niño isenokukhula, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yezichumisi inyuke, kodwa ubunzima bezemali abajongene nabo abalimi bunokunciphisa umthamo wokuthenga kwabo.
I-CNA ibonise ukuba ukuthembela kweBrazil kwizichumisi ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe kubonisa ukuba nangona imfuno yasekhaya ikhula rhoqo, imveliso yasekhaya ayisekho.
Ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2025, umthamo wezichumiso ezithunyelwayo eBrazil unyuke nge-63%, ngelixa umthamo wokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe unyuke nge-130%. Imveliso yasekhaya ihlale izinzile, itshintshatshintsha phakathi kwe-7.2 yezigidi kunye ne-9.1 yezigidi zeetoni.
Ngowama-2025, abathengisi bezichumisi abaphambili abahlanu eBrazil yayiyiTshayina, iRashiya, iKhanada, iMorocco kunye neJiphutha. La mazwe mahlanu xa ewonke athatha i-69% yexabiso lilonke lezichumisi ezingeniswayo.
Xa zihlelwa ngohlobo lwesichumisi, ukuxhomekeka kweBrazil kwizichumisi ezingenisiweyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwizichumisi ze-potassium, zifikelela kwi-98%; kwizichumisi ze-nitrogen, zifikelela kwi-93%; kwaye kwizichumisi ze-phosphate, zifikelela kwi-57%. Izichumisi ze-potassium zithathwa njengezona zibuthathaka kweli lizwe ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kwazo okuphezulu ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa.
IBrazil ineendawo zokugcina i-phosphorite kumazwe aseMinas Gerais naseGoiás. Ngo-2024, i-Serra do Salitre ye-EuroChem Company yemigodi kunye ne-industrial complex yaqaliswa ukusebenza, inomthamo wonyaka wemveliso we-1 yezigidi zeetoni zesichumiso se-phosphate.
Nangona kunjalo, eli shishini lafumana ingxaki enkulu ngo-2026. Ngenxa yengxaki yesalfure yehlabathi – apho ixabiso lesalfure lenyuka ngaphezulu kwe-1,100% – iMosaic yavala ngokusisigxina iifektri zayo eAraxá nasePatrocínio, yaza yamisa okwethutyana imisebenzi eTapira naseCatalão.
Ukunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso esalfure kubonisa ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezelwa kunye nemfuno, iingxaki zothutho, ukwehla kwemveliso yababoneleli abakhulu, kunye nemfuno ekhulayo kwishishini leebhetri zezithuthi zombane kunye necandelo lemizi-mveliso e-Asia.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-09-2026
