Abakhankasi bacela ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo okuphelisa 'ukuxhomekeka' kwe-UK kwimithi yokubulala ukhula ephikisanayo | Ukubulala ukhula

Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, abalimi baseScotland baqala ukusetyenziswa kwei-glyphosateizitshizi ngaphambi kokuvuna ingqolowa. Ngenxa yokuba iintlambo ezimanzi zenza kube nzima ukomisa izityalo ngokulinganayo, baphuhlise indlela yokubulala ukhula iveki enye ukuya kwezimbini ngaphambi kokuvuna ukuze kukhawuleziswe inkqubo yokomisa.
IGlyphosate yayiliyeza eliguqulayo ngexesha layo; yabulala zonke izityalo ngaphandle kokulimaza izilwanyana, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kulo msebenzi. Olu hlobo lonyango lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zezolimo ezimanzi nezibandayo kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amane kamva, amawaka eetoni ze-glyphosate asasetyenziswa minyaka le kwiindawo zokulima, kwiindawo eziluhlaza zikamasipala, nakwiigadi zasekhaya e-UK. Nangona kunjalo, ukhuseleko lwale herbicide luyinto ephikiswana kakhulu, kwaye njengoko ilayisenisi yayo imiselwe ukuphela ngoDisemba, kukho izicelo zokuvalwa okanye imiqathango engqongqo yokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha karhulumente lubonisa ukuba abalimi batshize ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-2,200 ze-glyphosate ngo-2024, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha saloo mali sisetyenziswe kwingqolowa nakwezinye izityalo eziziinkozo.
Idatha ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwale khemikhali kunyuke ngokuphindwe kalishumi kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlulileyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusaqhubeka kuphezulu nangona i-World Health Organisation iyichaze “njengenokuba ngumhlaza ebantwini” ngo-2015. I-Bayer igxininisa ukuba ukubulala izinambuzane kwayo akubangeli umhlaza.
“Ukuxhomekeka kwe-UK kwi-glyphosate akulawuleki,” utshilo uNick Mole wePesticide Action Network UK, eyenze olu hlalutyo. “Siyazi ukuba i-glyphosate inxulunyaniswa nomhlaza owahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izifo ezisongela ubomi. Ikwayonakalisa okusingqongileyo, ingcolise amanzi, kwaye yonakalisa izilwanyana zasendle.”
"Urhulumente kufuneka azibophelele ngokukhawuleza ekupheliseni nasekuvaleleni ukusetyenziswa kwe-glyphosate ekugqibeleni, aze axhase abalimi kunye namabhunga asekuhlaleni ukuba basebenzise ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo."
IGlyphosate sisibulali-zinambuzane esibanzi, oko kuthetha ukuba singabulala lonke ukhula, kuquka ingca kunye nokhula olunamagqabi abanzi. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esinamandla kubalimi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweglyphosate e-UK kwahlukile kakhulu koko kwenziwa e-US. E-US, izityalo eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza, ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwazo i-glyphosate, zitshizwa kakhulu nge-glyphosate ngexesha lokukhula.
“E-UK, i-glyphosate isetyenziswa kakhulu ngaphambi kokutyala izityalo ukubulala naluphi na ukhula olukhula emasimini,” utshilo uHelen Metcalfe, ingcali yezolimo kwiHarpenden Rotherhamstead Institute eHertfordshire.
UMetcalf uthe ukutshintshela ekulimeni okungenabungozi kangako “okuvuselelayo” sesona sizathu siphambili sokusetyenziswa kwe-glyphosate. Enye indlela ibandakanya ukulima umhlaba ukuze kususwe ukhula, kodwa oku konakalisa nomhlaba, “yiloo nto kanye abalimi abazama ukuyikhusela,” utshilo. “Bazama ukukhusela umhlaba, ukuthintela amanzi kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba, ukonyusa ikhabhoni yomhlaba, njl. Ukulima okuvuselelayo okuphumelelayo kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-glyphosate.”
Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zokwenziwa akunazo iingozi. E-United States, iBayer inikele nge-$7.25 yeebhiliyoni (£5.4 yeebhiliyoni) ukusombulula amawaka amatyala athi ayiphumelelanga ukulumkisa abathengi ukuba iRoundup yayo ye-herbicide equlethe i-glyphosate inokubangela umhlaza. EFransi, urhulumente uvumile ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwesifo sikaParkinson kunye ne-glyphosate kwaye wahlawula abalimi.
“Ngokusisiseko, njengakwizinto ezininzi, okukhona uchaphazeleka ngakumbi, kokukhona uxhalaba ngakumbi,” utshilo uWayne Carter, uprofesa oncedisayo kwiYunivesithi yaseNottingham ofunda ngemiphumo yebhayoloji yezibulali-zinambuzane. “Ukuvezwa kakhulu kunokuba yityhefu, ngoko ungafumana izibulali-zinambuzane ngokutya okanye ngokuphefumla; kodwa kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ungatshizi izibulali-zinambuzane ngokungakhethiyo emyezweni wakho.”
Ngowama-2023, i-EU yavala ukusetyenziswa kwe-glyphosate ekomiseni ngaphambi kokuba kuthengwe, nto leyo ebonisa inkxalabo malunga nokuqokelelwa kwe-glyphosate kwiimveliso zokutya.
Isithethi sikarhulumente wase-UK sigxininise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-glyphosate kulawulwa ngokungqongqo, songeza ngelithi: “Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kuvunywa kuphela ukuba kukho ubungqina bokuba isibulali-zinambuzane asiyi kubangela ingozi kwimpilo yabantu okanye yezilwanyana okanye sibe nefuthe elingamkelekanga kwindalo esingqongileyo.”