Ngokuphuhliswa kwemfuyo emikhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, ukuthintela izifo kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi ngexesha lasehlotyeni elishushu nelifumileyo xaiimpukane kunye neengcongconizanda ngamanani amakhulu, zikhawulezisa ukusasazeka kwezifo zezilwanyana kwaye zibe yingozi enkulu yokuqhambuka kwezifo. Oku kuzise iziphumo ezininzi ezimbi kwimveliso yeshishini lemfuyo. Indlela yokuthintela iimpukane ngokwesayensi nangokusebenzayo kunye nokuphelisa iingcongconi ibe yingxaki engxamisekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe ziifama zemfuyo ezinkulu zasemaphandleni.
Ngenxa yemozulu eshushu ehlotyeni, ukutya kwezilwanyana kuyachaphazeleka, uvakalelo lwazo kwihlabathi langaphandle luyanda. Emini, ziphazanyiswa ziimpukane, kwaye ebusuku, zilunywa ziingcongconi. Ngenxa yoko, azikwazi ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokulunywa ziimpukane neengcongconi, izondlo ezisemzimbeni wezilwanyana ziyasuswa, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ukukhula kwazo kunye nokumelana nezifo emzimbeni.
Kuyaziwa ukuba iingcongconi neempukane zinokuthwala iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 zeebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neeparasites. Phakathi kwazo, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 zezifo ezidluliselwayo nezithwalwa ziimpukane. Izifo ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela imfuyo kunye nokufuywa kweenkukhu ziquka: isifo seenyawo nomlomo, i-pseudorabies, umkhuhlane weengulube, umkhuhlane weenkukhu, isifo saseNewcastle, i-avian Pasteurella multocida, i-avian Escherichia coli, i-coccidiosis, njl. Ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwezifo, zinokukhawulezisa ukusasazeka kwezifo ezibhubhisayo kwaye zonyuse ubunzima bokuthintela nokulawula izifo. Ukongeza, kwiindawo zokuzala zeemazi, iingcongconi neempukane zinokubangela i-mastitis enzima kwiimazi kwaye zisasaze iStreptococcus kwaye zibangele iStreptococcus meningitis kumantshontsho eengulube. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba iingcongconi neempukane zizinto ezibangela umkhuhlane weengulube, i-anaplasmosis kunye ne-gastroenteritis esulelayo.
Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo yeyona ndlela iphambili yokulawula iingcongconi neempukane. Oku kuquka ukuphelisa imithombo yokuzalela, ukuqhuba ukubila kwezinto eziphilayo kumgquba wemfuyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ukuze kugcinwe iimeko ezilungileyo zococeko, okwenza kube nzima ukusinda kwamaqanda eengcongconi, iimbungu kunye nabantu abadala, okanye ukuthintela ukuba zingatsali iimpukane eziziimazi ukuba zibeke amaqanda. Ukudala indawo efanelekileyo yeefama zemfuyo yinto yokuqala ebalulekileyo ekukhuliseni izilwanyana ezisempilweni. Xa kusakhiwa iishedi ezinkulu zemfuyo, akufuneki nje kuphela ukuba ukwazi ukuthintela imvula kunye nokufuma, kwaye uqinisekise ubushushu ebusika kunye nokubanda ehlotyeni, kodwa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokukodwa ukuba nemisebenzi yokuthintela izinambuzane nezifo inikwe. Ke ngoko, xa usakha iishedi zemfuyo, khetha indawo enomhlaba ophezulu nowomileyo, ujonge emazantsi, onomhlaba othe tyaba kunye nomthambeka omncinci. Uyilo lweshedi yemfuyo kufuneka lube sengqiqweni, luqwalasele ngokupheleleyo unyango kunye nokusetyenziswa komgquba, umchamo kunye nelindle, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle ngaphakathi kweshedi, evumela ukutsalwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshelwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Gcina ucoceko kunye nococeko lweendawo zokuzalela kunye nendawo ezingqongileyo, susa iindawo zokuzalela zeengcongconi neempukane, susa indle kunye nomchamo ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zokuzalela, hlamba rhoqo imijelo yokutya kunye neetanki zamanzi, gcwalisa amadama amanzi kunye neendawo ezixineneyo, sebenzisa imijelo yokukhupha amanzi phantsi komhlaba, gcina umgquba kude neendawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuzalela, kwaye usebenzise amayeza eekhemikhali rhoqo ukubulala iimpukane ezindala kunye neempukane. Emva kokuhlamba iindawo zokuzalela, susa amanzi, yongeza umoya ukuze womise umgangatho weendawo ngokukhawuleza.
Kwiifama zemfuyo ezinkulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, ngenxa yeendawo zazo ezikude, kunzima ukulawula ngokupheleleyo imeko-bume yendalo ejikelezileyo. Ngenxa yoko, amanyathelo anjengokususa ukhula olujikeleze iishedi zemfuyo, ukuvala iingcango neefestile zeeshedi ngeplastiki, kunye nokuthintela iimpukane neengcongconi ukuba zingangeni kwiishedi. Emini, imigibe yempukane ezenzekelayo ingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa iimpukane, kwaye ebusuku, izixhobo zokubulala iingcongconi eziveliswe yiGuangzhou Jiaobao Technology Electrical Appliance Factory zingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa iingcongconi.
Kwiindonga nakwiiphahla ezingaphezu kwe-1 mitha ngaphezulu kwendawo engaphakathi, abo bafunxa amanzi ngamandla kufuneka basebenzise amanqanaba aphezulu eyeza, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela ezininzi. Kwiindawo ezifunxa amanzi kakubi, kufuneka kusetyenziswe amachiza anamandla kodwa aphantsi. Amayeza anokuba yi-48% ye-chlorpyrifos, axutywe amaxesha ali-150 ukuya kuma-200, okanye i-Kainuo ixutywe amaxesha angama-200 ukuya kuma-300. Ukutshiza kwindawo, yi-5%isibulali-zinambuzanei-suspension, i-6% ye-Kill-Duoxi i-oyile yokubulala izinambuzane, i-5% ye-Wei Hui Jing suspension, njl.njl. ingasetyenziswa. Ngaphandle kwefama yeehagu, kufuneka kutshizwe izibulali-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo kwiindonga zeendawo ezivalekileyo, imingxunya yomgquba, imijelo yamanzi amdaka, amachibi, nakwiindawo apho inkunkuma iqokelelwa khona, ukuze kungabikho ndawo yokuzalela iingcongconi, iimpethu kunye neempukane. Xa kusetyenziswa iindlela zeekhemikhali ukulawula iingcongconi kunye neempukane, kufuneka kukhethwe amayeza angengobungozi okanye angenabungozi kangako ukuqinisekisa ukuba anokubulala iingcongconi kunye neempukane ngempumelelo ngelixa eqinisekisa ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lweehagu. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yeengcongconi kunye neempukane, ingakumbi iimpukane, inzala yazo ikhula ukumelana neekhemikhali ezithile ngokukhawuleza. Ukusebenzisa i-arhente enye yokulawula kuya kunciphisa kancinci isiphumo kwaye kwenze ulawulo lweengcongconi kunye neempukane lube nzima ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kukhethwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ukuze kusetyenziswe ukujikeleza ukuqinisekisa isiphumo sokulawula. Okokugqibela, amayeza okanye izongezo zokubulala iimpukane kunye neempethu kufuneka zongezwe ekutyeni komhlambi wonke, nto leyo enokufezekisa injongo yokukhupha nokubulala iintsholongwane emizimbeni yeehagu kuzo zonke izigaba, yenze ulusu lwehagu lucoceke kwaye lukhazimle, kwaye iphucule izinga lokukhula; indle yehagu inokuba nefuthe lonyango lokubulala iimpethu ezikwimjelo yamanzi amdaka, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa impembelelo entle yokulawula iimpukane.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-08-2026
