Uphando lukaMunsell lugxile “kwiintshaba zendalo”: izinambuzane ezifana neempukane ezibhabhayo, ii-ladybugs, ii-lacewings, kunye nee-parasitic wasps. Ezi ntlobo zibalulekile kubalimi kuba zitya izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo ezifana nee-aphids. Nangona kunjalo, amashumi eminyaka okwanda kwezolimo kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwe-monocultures, nto leyo ebangele ukunqongophala okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-nectar, i-pollen, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.
"Sihlala sicinga ukubaabalawuli berhorhoifuna into esiyithengayo okanye esiyisebenzisayo, kodwa indalo sele isinike isisombululo esisebenzayo kakhulu—ukuba nje sidala iimeko ezifanelekileyo,” utshilo uMansell.
UMunsell ugxininisa ukuba ezi zinambuzane ziluncedo zifuna izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka, kwaye akukho ndawo yokuhlala inye enokwanelisa zonke iimfuno zazo. Endaweni yoko, zixhomekeke kudibaniso lweendawo zokuhlala ezininzi—umgaqo owaziwa ngokuba yi-landscape complementarity.
UMansell uthe, “Ungacinga ngayo njengezinambuzane eziluncedo ezidala i-buffet yonyaka wonke. Xa izixhobo zininzi, iintshaba zendalo zinokusinda, zizale, kwaye zilawule inani lezinambuzane. Xa ezo zixhobo zinyamalala ngequbuliso, yonke inkqubo iyawa.”
Imicu yeentyatyambo isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwezolimo zaseYurophu, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo akuhambelani. Imicu yeentyatyambo yimicu emincinci, etyalwe ngokwenziwa yezityalo ezidubulayo ecaleni kwemiphetho yefama, eyenzelwe ukudala indawo yokuhlala engaphantsi kwendalo exhasa izinambuzane eziluncedo. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwezifundo ezingama-75 ezenziwa nguMancier lubonisa ukuba imicu yeentyatyambo emininzi ayisebenzi ngenxa yokunqongophala kweentlobo zeentyatyambo ezifanelekileyo okanye ixesha elingafanelekanga lokudubula. Imicu yeentyatyambo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuxhasa iintshaba zendalo zezinambuzane ibonisa iziphumo ezingcono kakhulu.
“Akwanelanga ukutyala nje ‘izityalo ezityatyambo’ uze ushiye izinto zibe ngamabona-ndenzile,” utshilo. “Ukukhetha iintlobo zezityalo kubalulekile, ingakumbi kwizinambuzane ezifana neempukane ezibhabhayo, ezinokuxhaphaza iintlobo ezithile zeentyatyambo.”
Ukuze aqonde ngcono ukusebenzisana phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo zezolimo, uMunsell uphuhlise imodeli ephuculweyo yokuguquguquka kwenani labantu esebenzisa ii-hoverflies kunye nee-aphids njengezifundo zokufunda. Iziphumo zakhe zomzekelo zibonisa ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ezinemithi zibaluleke kakhulu, zibonelela nge-nectar kunye nezixhobo zokutya kwangethuba nasekupheleni kwexesha lokukhula, xa isivuno sesivuno siphantsi.
Ukwabonise ukuba imihlaba yezolimo ngokwayo inokuba ngumthombo obalulekileyo weentshaba zendalo zezinambuzane, ephikisa ingcamango yokuba ziindawo zokuhlala ezinganandalo kuphela ezinokuba negalelo elikhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane.
Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo yimfuneko yolawulo oluqhubekayo. Ukucheba okanye ukuvuna okucwangcisiweyo ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokubangela ukuba izityalo zingafumani zixhobo zibalulekileyo ngequbuliso, nto leyo ephazamisana nenani lezilwanyana ezitya ezinye ngexesha elibalulekileyo. Ukulungisa amaxesha okucheba okanye umsebenzi onzima wentsimi kunokuthintela ukuphazamiseka okunjalo ngequbuliso ekusasazweni kwezixhobo.
UMansell uthe, “Abalimi akufuneki batshintshe ngokupheleleyo umhlaba wabo wokulima. Utshintsho oluncinci nolufike ngexesha—njengokulibazisa ukusika izihlahla iiveki ezimbalwa—lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusindeni kwezilwanyana ezitya ezinye izilwanyana.”
Uphando lukaMunsell lubonelela ngesikhokelo sesayensi sokwenza imihlaba ekhuthaza ukusinda nokwanda kweentshaba zendalo zezinambuzane. Ngokudibanisa izityalo ezimithi, imicu yeentyatyambo eyilwe ngononophelo, kunye nezityalo ezihambelanayo, abalimi banokuphucula ulawulo lwezinambuzane zendalo, banciphise ukuthembela kwizibulali-zinambuzane, kwaye baxhase ulwahlulo lwezinto eziphilayo.
UMansell uthe, “Ulimo oluzinzileyo alubhekiseli ekubuyeleni kwixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa lubhekiselele ekusebenziseni ulwazi lwanamhlanje lwendalo ukulima ngobulumko. Xa siyila imihlaba exhasa iimfuno zezinambuzane eziluncedo, senza iinkqubo zokutya ezizinzileyo ukuze kuphuhliswe ixesha elide.”
ULaura Mansell: *Ubomi Obumangalisayo Beentshaba Zendalo: Indima Yokuhambelana Kwendalo Ekulawuleni Izinambuzane Zendalo*. Umphathi: UGqr. ARM Janssen. Abaphathi-kunye: UGqr. PKJ van Rijn kunye noGqr. JA ten Brink.
IYunivesithi yase-Amsterdam (UvA) isebenzisa iikuki ukulinganisa, ukuphucula, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwewebhusayithi. Iikuki zikwasetyenziselwa ukubonisa umxholo womntu wesithathu kunye neenjongo zokuthengisa. Ngokucofa u-"Yamkela," uyavuma ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke iikuki. Okanye, ungakhetha u-"Nqaba" ukwamkela iikuki ezisebenzayo nezihlalutyayo kuphela. Ungatshintsha izinto ozikhethayo nangaliphi na ixesha ngokucofa ikhonkco elithi "Useto lweekuki" ezantsi kwephepha ngalinye. Nceda ujonge noMgaqo-nkqubo waBucala weYunivesithi yase-Amsterdam.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-23-2026
