Ngaphambi kokutyala izithole zemango, umhlaba kufuneka ulungiswe kwaye kufakwe isichumiso esisisiseko.Ukususela kwinqanaba lokuhluma kwezithole okanye emva kokuba izithole zisindile, kufuneka kwenziwe ukwakheka nokuthenwa okufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amasebe asasazwe ngokulinganayo,Umthi ungena kakuhle ekukhanyeni, nto leyo eluncedo ekukhuleni kwezondlo nasekuveliseni iziqhamo, kwaye wenza umthi ovelisa iziqhamo kwangethuba, uvelisa isivuno esiphezulu kwaye uvelisa imveliso ezinzileyo. Ngaphandle koko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ungabangela ukungakwazi kokungena kwemithi kakuhle, izifo ezinzima kunye nezinambuzane, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi leziqhamo emva kokuvelisa iziqhamo.
I. Iindlela zokuthena nokubumba
1. Indlela yendalo yokubumba isigqubuthelo esijikelezileyo. Emva kokuba isityalo sityaliwe, xa sikhula sibe ziisentimitha ezingama-60-70 ubude, sinqumle umphezulu ukuze umise isiqu esiphambili. Isebe lokuqala elisecaleni kufuneka libe ziisentimitha ezingama-30-40 ukusuka kwisiqu esiphambili, kwaye isebe lesibini elisecaleni kufuneka libe ziisentimitha ezingama-25-35 ukusuka kwisebe eliphambili. Phinda le nkqubo ukuze wenze isithsaba somthi esijikelezileyo.
2. Yindlela yokubumba isiqu esiphakathi. Xa isityalo sikhula sibe yi-60-70 centimeters ubude, isiqu esiphambili siyanqunyulwa size sibekwe. Kukho amasebe amathathu aphambili kumaleko wokuqala, kwaye amasebe amathathu-4 aphambili ashiywe kumaleko wesibini, abekwe malunga neesentimitha ezingama-20 ukusuka kwisebe lesibini eliphambili. Lo mthi unesiqu esiphambili esiphakathi esicacileyo esimi nkqo naphezulu. Isithsaba somthi senza amaleko amabini amagqabi, elinye lincinci phezulu nelinye likhulu ezantsi.
3. Indlela yokubumba ngendlela yendalo efana nefeni. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukucofa iincam zezityalo xa zifikelela kubude obuziisentimitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-90, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamasebe nokugcina amasebe amathathu aphambili. Umaleko wesibini wamasebe aphambili wenza imo enqamlezileyo kunye nomaleko wokuqala wamasebe aphambili, kwaye icala lidibene nolo lomaleko wokuqala. Le ndlela ifanelekile ekukhuleni okuncinci, ukutyala okuxineneyo, kunye nokulima okunzulu, okulungeleyo ukungena komoya kunye nokungena kokukhanya kwimiqolo. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zokubumba nokuthena zifuna izakhono eziphezulu kwaye zifuna umsebenzi omninzi.
II. Amanqaku aphambili oLawulo lweeMango olunemveliso ephezulu
1. Ulawulo lweZichumisi. Ukongeza kokuthenwa nokubunjwa okukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, isichumisi sendalo kunye nesichumisi esikumgangatho ophezulu sinokukhethwa njengezichumisi. Ngexesha lokwahlulwa kweentyatyambo zemithi yemango evuthiweyo (inyanga enye ngaphambi kokudubula, oko kukuthi, ngoSeptemba-Okthobha), isichumisi sokungenisa iintyatyambo kufuneka sifakwe, ikakhulu esiquka initrogen (urea) kunye nepotassium (potassium nitrate); ngo-Epreli-Meyi, ngexesha lokukhula kweziqhamo, kufuneka kufakwe isichumisi sokukhuthaza iziqhamo; emva kokuvunwa kweziqhamo, isichumisi sendalo kufuneka sisetyenziswe njengesichumisi esiphambili.
2. Lawula imveliso eyandisiweyo. Ngexesha leentyatyambo zemango entwasahlobo, ukuba kukho imvula nemozulu ebandayo, amaqela eentyatyambo ezidubula kwangethuba angasuswa ngesandla, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-500 milligrams ngelitha ye-paclobutrazol lunokutshizwa ukuze kulibaziseke ixesha leentyatyambo. Ukuba iimeko zemozulu zilungile, i-ethylene ingatshizwa ukukhuthaza iintyatyambo zemithi kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwamasebe angondliyo.Susa ngesandla amaqela eentyatyambo axineneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziqhamo zikhula ngokulinganayo.
3. Ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Izifo eziqhelekileyo zemango ziquka i-anthracnose, i-powdery mildew, kunye ne-gummosis. Amayeza angasetyenziselwa ukuthintela okanye ukulawula ngaphambi okanye kwinqanaba lokuqala lokwenzeka kwesifo. Kwi-anthracnose, i-80% ye-mancozeb WP kuxinzelelo lwe-400-600 amaxesha, okanye i-70% ye-thiophanate-methyl WP kumaxesha ayi-1000-1500, okanye i-50% ye-benomyl WP kumaxesha ayi-800-1000, okanye i-25% ye-mancozeb EC kumaxesha angama-2000-3000 ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula. Kwi-powdery mildew, i-20% ye-triadimefon EC kumaxesha angama-800 okanye i-15% ye-triadimefon WP kumaxesha angama-500 ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula. Kwi-gummosis, inxalenye enesifo inganqunyulwa ngemela, kwaye ifilimu yokuphilisa amanxeba kunye neyokulwa nokugqwala ingafakwa ukuvala inxeba. Faka rhoqo ifilimu entsha ene-lipid eninzi kwaye utshize i-70% ye-thiophanate-methyl WP kuxinzelelo oluphindwe ka-800.
Lawula imveliso eyandisiweyo. Ngexesha leentyatyambo zemango zasentwasahlobo, ukuba kukho imvula nemozulu ebandayo, amaqela eentyatyambo aqala ukudubula angasuswa ngesandla, kwaye uxinaniso lwe-500 milligrams ngelitha ye-paclobutrazol lunokutshizwa ukuze kulibaziseke ixesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo. Ukuba imeko yemozulu ilungile, i-ethylene ingatshizwa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukudubula kwemithi kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwamasebe angondliyo. Susa amaqela eentyatyambo axineneyo kakhulu ngesandla ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kweziqhamo okufanayo.
Ulawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo. Izifo eziqhelekileyo zemango ziquka i-anthracnose, i-powdery mildew, kunye ne-gummosis. Amayeza angasetyenziselwa ukuthintela okanye ukulawula ngaphambi okanye kwinqanaba lokuqala lokwenzeka kwesifo. Kwi-anthracnose, i-80% ye-mancozeb WP kuxinzelelo lwe-400-600 amaxesha, okanye i-70% ye-thiophanate-methyl WP kumaxesha ayi-1000-1500, okanye i-50% ye-benomyl WP kumaxesha ayi-800-1000, okanye i-25% ye-mancozeb EC kumaxesha angama-2000-3000 ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula. Kwi-powdery mildew, i-20% ye-triadimefon EC kumaxesha angama-800 okanye i-15% ye-triadimefon WP kumaxesha angama-500 ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula. Kwi-gummosis, inxalenye enesifo inganqunyulwa ngemela, kwaye ifilimu yokuphilisa amanxeba kunye neyokulwa nokugqwala ingafakwa ukuvala inxeba. Faka rhoqo ifilimu entsha ene-lipid eninzi kwaye utshize i-70% ye-thiophanate-methyl WP kuxinzelelo oluphindwe ka-800.
Izinambuzane eziphambili ziquka iinundu zasebusuku, iinkumbi ezinamagqabi ezithe tyaba, izinambuzane ezibolileyo, kunye neempukane ezincinci zeziqhamo. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni iindlela zokulawula ezolimo nezebhayoloji, xa amahlumela athambileyo okanye amaqela eentyatyambo ephuma nge-1 ukuya kwi-3 centimeters, isisombululo se-90% se-carbaryl crystal kwi-1000-fold concentration singasetyenziselwa ukuthintela nokulawula. Futha kanye emva kweentsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-10, kwaye uphinde le nkqubo izihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Kwizinambuzane ezibolileyo, i-30% ye-carbaryl emulsifiable concentrate kwi-80 ukuya kwi-100 amaxesha oxinzelelo ingafakwa kwimingxunya, uze uvale imingxuma. Kwizinambuzane ezincinci zeziqhamo, i-methyl eugenol ingasetyenziselwa ukubamba nokubulala. Ngokukodwa, iziqwenga ezincinci zesikwere sebhodi yefayibha yomoba efakwe kwi-methyl eugenol kunye nesisombululo se-malathion se-3% zixhonywa emithini ukuze zibambe.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-27-2026
