Izichumisi zenza isiseko sokhuseleko lokutya. Ukuchazwa kwamazwe angenisa izichumisi ngobuninzi kunyeisichumisoIintlobo abazithengayo zibonisa ngokuthe ngqo imeko-bume kunye nolwakhiwo lwemveliso yezolimo yehlabathi.
I. Isishwankathelo seHlabathi: Isimbuku sempahla engeniswayo siphantse sibe yi-290 yezigidi zeetoni, apho abathumeli abaphambili abathathu bafikelela phantse kwi-40%
Ngowama-2024, isixa sisonke sezichumisi ezithengwa kumazwe nakwimimandla eli-168 kwihlabathi liphela sasimalunga neetoni ezingama-289 ezigidi. Ipateni yokungenisa iziqhamo inezinga eliphezulu loxinzelelo:
IBrazil ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi liphela njengelizwe elithumela izichumiso ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, malunga neetoni ezingama-46.07 ezigidi (15.9%);
kulandele i-United States (malunga ne-32.97 yezigidi zeetoni, i-11.4%) kunye ne-India (malunga ne-32.40 yezigidi zeetoni, i-11.2%). La mazwe mathathu adibeneyo enza malunga ne-38.5% yemveliso evela kwihlabathi liphela;
Amazwe alishumi aphambili angenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe arekhode ukungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okumalunga ne-171.90 yezigidi zeetoni, ezimele i-59.4% yenani lilonke lehlabathi kwaye enza "iqela lokuqala lokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe" elifanelekileyo.
II. Amazwe ali-100 aPhambili kunye neMimandla ngokweMithamo yokungenisa isichumiso seHlabathi, ngo-2024
Ngokwembono yengingqi, imfuno yokungeniswa kwezichumiso igxile kumazwe amakhulu ezolimo kunye namazwe anoqoqosho olunqongopheleyo lwezixhobo.
III. Ukusasazwa Kwemimandla: Ipatheni Yeenxalenye Ezintathu Phakathi KweAsia, iLatin America kunye neYurophu
Ngokwengingqi, imfuno yezichumiso ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe igxile kumazwe amakhulu ezolimo kunye namazwe angenazo izixhobo ezifanelekileyo.
I-Asia ibhalisela ukungeniswa okuphezulu kakhulu okuqhutywa ngabantu abaninzi eIndiya, eTshayina nakuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kunye nokulima kakhulu irayisi kunye nezityalo zemali. ELatin America, ukulima iimbotyi zesoya eBrazil naseArgentina kukhuthaza imfuno enkulu yezichumisi ze-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium. Imelwe yiFransi, iJamani kunye namanye amazwe, iYurophu ibona inani elikhulu lezichumisi ezidityanisiweyo nezilulwelo.
IV. Umxube weeMveliso: Iintlobo zezichumiso ezi-5 eziphambili kwilizwe ngalinye kumazwe angama-20 angenisa ngaphandle
Isishwankathelo seNgcaciso:
I-Muriate yePotash; i-Urea; i-Diammonium Phosphate; i-Monoammonium Phosphate; i-NPK Compound Fertilizer; i-Ammonium Sulfate; i-Ammonium Nitrate Solution; i-Calcium Ammonium Nitrate; i-Ammonium Nitrate; i-Sulfate yePotash; i-Anhydrous Ammonia; i-Phosphate Rock; i-Triple Superphosphate; i-Single Superphosphate.
V. Ulwazi oluqhutywa yidatha: Amanqaku amane okunika ingqwalasela kushishino
1. Isichumisi sePotash (MOP) sibekwe kwindawo ephambili yokungenisa izichumisi kwihlabathi liphela
Phakathi kwamazwe angama-20 angenisa i-potassium, iMuriate of Potash (MOP) ikwiluhlu lwe-5 oluphezulu kumazwe amaninzi kwaye ithatha indawo yoku-1 eBrazil, e-United States, e-Indonesia, eTshayina, eMalaysia, eBelgium nakwamanye amazwe. Oku kubonisa indlela ebanzi ngayo ukusasazwa kwe-potassium kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokuxhomekeka kokungenisa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe amaninzi amakhulu ezolimo.
2. I-Urea yinxalenye yesichumiso se-nitrogen esingeniswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe
I-Urea ivela rhoqo (izihlandlo ezili-17) kuluhlu olu-5 oluphezulu lwala mazwe angama-20 kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala e-Australia, eThailand, eTürkiye, eMexico, ePoland, e-United Kingdom, eSpain nakwezinye iindawo. Yeyona manyolo ye-nitrogen eqinileyo engabizi kakhulu kwaye yeyona ntlobo ye-nitrogen-fertilizer ethengiswa kakhulu kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
3. Ubukho ngaxeshanye be-ammonium phosphates (DAP/MAP) kunye ne-phosphate rock (PR) bubonisa umahluko kwiindlela zokucubungula
I-United States, iKhanada kunye ne-Australia zikhetha ukungeniswa kwe-Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP). I-India, iTürkiye, iBelgium, iRiphabliki yaseKorea kunye namanye amazwe angenisa imithamo emikhulu ye-phosphate rock (PR) njengesondlo sokucubungula i-downstream. I-Bangladesh, i-India kunye neKhanada zingenisa i-Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). Ezi zinto zibonisa ulwahlulo phakathi kwe-industrial-chain phakathi "kokungenisa izinto ezikrwada" kunye "nokungenisa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo".
3. Isisombululo se-Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) kunye nezichumisi ze-NPK zibonisa inqanaba lobuchule bokulima ngokuchanekileyo
4. Isisombululo se-Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) sibonakala kakhulu kuluhlu lwezona zi-5 ziphambili eFransi, e-United Kingdom, eBelgium, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshona, sibonisa iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa koomatshini kunye nolwelo. Izichumisi ze-NPK ezihlanganisiweyo zinesabelo esikhulu eSpain, ePoland, e-United Kingdom, eThailand, e-Indonesia nakwezinye iindawo, nto leyo ebonisa indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ekulawuleni ngendlela ephucukileyo ngokusebenzisa "uchumiso olulinganiselayo olune-shot-shot".
VI. Isiphelo
Ngokwezibalo zowama-2024, ukungeniswa kwezichumiso kwihlabathi liphela kuphawulwa “kukulawulwa ngamazwe ambalwa amakhulu kunye nomxube wemveliso ocacileyo”. IBrazil, iUnited States kunye neIndiya zimalunga ne-40% yazo zonke iimveliso ezingenisiweyo. I-Potash kunye ne-urea zisebenza njengezinto eziphambili; ukungeniswa kwe-ammonium phosphate/phosphate-rock kuquka ukwahlula-hlula kwe-processing chain; izichumiso ezingamanzi kunye nezihlanganisiweyo zibonisa inqanaba lophuhliso lwezolimo oluchanekileyo.
Kumashishini angenisa izichumiso kwamanye amazwe, abarhwebi kunye nabaphandi beli shishini, ukuqonda ukhetho lweemveliso zamazwe angenisa kunye nezikali zokuthengwa kusebenza njengobungqina obubalulekileyo bokuqulunqa amaqhinga emarike kunye nokulungiselela uyilo lwekhonkco lokubonelela.
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-25-2026
