Kutshanje, iZiko leTekhnoloji yezoLimo leSizwe, ngokubambisana neZiko le-Ukukhuselwa kwezityalowe-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kunye neminye imibutho, uqulunqe waza wakhupha "iSikhokelo soBugcisa sokuSebenzisa iZithuthi zasemoyeni ezingenabantu zezoLimo ukulawula izinambuzane ezinkulu kunye nezifo zoMbonakalo". Injongo kukuphucula inqanaba lesayensi nelimiselweyo lokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zasemoyeni ezingenabantu zezolimo ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane ezinkulu kunye nezifo zombona, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo kwisigaba esiphakathi nesokugqibela sombona.
Isikhokelo soBugcisa malunga nokusebenzisa iZithuthi zasemoyeni ezingenabantu zezolimoAbalawuli berhorhokunye noThintelo lweZifo zeZitshabalalisi neZifo zoMbona
Ngokwesibikezelo seZiko leTekhnoloji yezoLimo leSizwe, ngo-2026, ukuvela ngokubanzi kwezifo zombona kunye nezinambuzane kweli lizwe kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, izinambuzane ezifana ne-corn borers, i-cotton bollworms, kunye nezinambuzane ezinamathelayo ziya kwenzeka kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zaseMantla-mpuma yeTshayina kunye ne-Yellow-Huaihai Plain. Isifo sokubola kwesiqu siya kuba nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphinda sivele kwi-Yellow-Huaihai Plain, eMzantsi-ntshona weTshayina, kunye naseMantla-mpuma yeTshayina.
1. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo iiarhente zolawulo
(1) Gxila kwixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthintela. Ngokusekelwe kwixesha lokuvela, uhlobo, kunye nobunzima bezifo zombona kunye nezinambuzane, misela ezona zinambuzane ziphambili ekujoliswe kuzo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuthintela ngokweemeko zasekuhlaleni.
Ukususela kwixesha lokuvuna iindlebe ezinkulu ukuya kwinqanaba lokukhupha impova, ummandla osempuma-mpuma ugxile ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-corn borer, ii-aphids, i-double-spotted long-legged leaf beetle, isifo se-large spotted, kunye nesifo se-grey spot; ummandla waseHuaihai ugxile ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-corn borer, izinambuzane ezinamathelayo, isifo sokubola kwesiqu, isifo sokugqwala kwe-southern rust, kunye nesifo se-small spot; ummandla wasentshona-ntshona ugxile ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-corn borer, izinambuzane ezinamathelayo, i-red spider mites, i-double-spotted long-legged beetle, isifo sokubola kwesiqu, kunye nesifo se-large spot; ummandla wasentshona-ntshona ugxile ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-grassy stem borer, i-corn borer, izinambuzane ezinamathelayo, isifo sokubola kwesiqu, kunye nesifo se-large spot.
Ukususela kwinqanaba lokwakheka kwengqolowa ukuya kwinqanaba lobisi, kummandla waseMantla-mpuma, ulawulo oluphambili lwezinambuzane lugxile kwizinambuzane ezithwala umbona, ii-slugs, ii-leaf beetle ezinemilenze emide eneenkala ezimbini, izifo ze-smut, izifo ze-major spot, kunye nezifo ze-grey spot; kummandla waseHuang-Huai-Hai, lujolise kakhulu kwi-corn borers, i-peach borer, i-cotton bollworms, izifo ze-smut, izifo ze-southern rust, kunye nezifo ze-small spot; kummandla waseMantla-ntshona, lulawula kakhulu i-corn borers, ii-red spider mites, ii-double-smat leaf beetle ezinemilenze emide, izifo ze-smut, izifo ze-major spot; kummandla waseMazantsi-ntshona, lugxile kwi-grasshopper ethwalwa ziinkumbi, ii-corn borers, izifo ze-smut, izifo ze-major spot, kunye nezifo ze-grey spot.
(2) Khetha izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo. Ukuthintela nokulawula izinambuzane ezifana ne-green stem borer, i-sticky moth, kunye ne-corn borer, izibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha le-larval zisencinci. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo ziquka i-Bacillus thuringiensis, i-chlorpyrifos-methyl, i-methamidophos-aminobenzoate, kunye ne-ethyl polyhydroxybenzyl imidazoline. Ukulawula ii-aphids, izibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha le-pre-blup stage. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo ziquka i-thiamethoxam, i-thiamethionam, kunye ne-imidacloprid. Ukulawula i-peach borer kunye ne-cotton bollworm, izibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha le-larval zisencinci. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo ziquka i-tetra-cyanothiamamide, i-chlorpyrifos-methyl, i-methamidophos-aminobenzoate, kunye ne-cypermethrin. Ukulawula izifo ezifana nesifo se-large spot, isifo se-small spot, i-southern rust, kunye nesifo se-grey spot, izibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha le-pre-blup stage yokuqala. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo ziquka i-flufurafos-dimethylamine, i-pyrazofamet, i-cipcon-pyrimidinethione, kunye ne-oxamoxazin-pentazole. Kwintsimi ezichaphazeleke kakhulu, kungenziwa isicelo sesibini emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10. Ukulawula isifo sokubola kweendlebe, izibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokuqala kokuqhambuka kwesifo. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo ziquka i-pyrazofamet, i-flufurafos-dimethylamine, kunye ne-ethylate. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokusebenza "kwe-one spray for multiple promotions", abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo abafanelekileyo banokongezwa ukuphucula impilo yezityalo zombona kunye nokuthintela ukwaluphala kwangethuba kunye nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwesivuno.
II. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lomthamo kunye nokongeza izixhobo zokuxuba etankini
(1) Khetha ifomu yedosi efanelekileyo ngokwesayensi. Iifom zedosi yezinambuzane ezifanelekileyo ekusebenzeni kweedroni zezolimo ziquka ii-suspension agents, ii-dispersible oil suspension agents, ii-water-based agents, ii-water emulsions, ii-microemulsions, ii-water-soluble granules, kunye nezisombululo zeoyile ezixutywayo. Iipowuda kunye neepowuda ezimanzi azihambelani kakuhle. Xa uxuba izibulali zinambuzane ezininzi, kucetyiswa ukuba uzifake ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amanzi – ii-solid agents (ii-water-soluble granules) – ii-suspension agents (ii-dispersible oil suspension agents, ii-suspension agents) – ii-emulsion agents (ii-microemulsions, ii-water emulsions) – ii-dispersion liquid agents (izisombululo zeoyile ezixutywayo). Emva kokongeza isibulali zinambuzane ngasinye, qinisekisa ukuxubana kakuhle ukuze ufumane isisombululo esizinzileyo, esinganyibilikiyo, nesingehlukaniswanga ngaphambi kokongeza isibulali zinambuzane esilandelayo. Oku kuthintela ukwakheka kwe-clumps, ukuvaleka kwe-nozzle, okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwesibulali zinambuzane.
(2) Ukumisela umgangatho wokongezwa kwezongezo zokuxuba iibhakethi. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe umsebenzi wokutshiza, kufuneka kongezwe isixa esifanelekileyo sezongezo zokuxuba iibhakethi kwisisombululo sezinambuzane ukuphucula ukusebenza kwaso, ukukhuthaza ukuhla kwamathontsi, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushukuma, ukonyusa ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwemvula kunye nokuphuma komphunga, kunye nokuphucula ngempumelelo isiphumo solawulo. Kufuneka kuqalwe ukusebenzisa izongezo ezikhethekileyo zokutshiza emoyeni, kwaye kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekuhambelaneni nezibulali zinambuzane ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwesisombululo sezinambuzane okanye iimpembelelo ezimbi. Ngokubanzi, izongezo kufuneka zongezwe ngesantya se-0.5% - 1% yomthamo wolwelo lokutshiza. Isixa esongeziweyo sinokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokohlobo lwesongezo, uxinzelelo lwesisombululo sezinambuzane, kunye nendawo yokusebenza.
III. Thobela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zokutshiza emoyeni.
(1) Indawo Yokusebenzela. Yenza imisebenzi yokutshiza izibulali-zinambuzane usebenzisa iidrone zezolimo kwindawo evulekileyo nengena umoya. Ngaphambi komsebenzi wokutshiza, yenza uphando lwendawo engqongileyo yendawo yokutshiza, umisele umda wokutshiza, uvavanye ngokupheleleyo iingozi ezinokubakho, kwaye uthintele ukukhukhuleka kwamathontsi ezibulali-zinambuzane ekubangeleni umonakalo kwizinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga kunye nomonakalo wezityalo kwindawo engqongileyo. Ngaphakathi kweemitha ezingama-200 umoya usiya phantsi kwindawo yokutshiza, akufuneki kubekho zityalo zivelisa incasa.
(2) Indawo yokusebenza. Ngexesha lokufaka izibulali zinambuzane, isantya somoya kwindawo esingqongileyo kufuneka sibe ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lesi-3 (≤ 3.4 m/s), kwaye ubushushu bendawo esingqongileyo kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-15℃ kunye ne-30℃. Indawo nganye inokumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufaka ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani, kwaye kufuneka iphephe ixesha elingaphezulu kwe-30℃. Ukuba kukho inkungu okanye umbethe omkhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokuba inkungu nombethe ziphelile.
4. Misela ngokufanelekileyo iiparameter zokusebenza
(1) Iiparamitha zokusebenza ezisisiseko. Iiparamitha zokutshiza zeedroni ezahlukeneyo zezolimo ziyahluka. Izinto ezinje ngobukhulu benqwelo-moya, intsimi yomoya ophantsi, inqanaba lokukhula kombona, kunye neentlobo zezinambuzane nezifo ekufuneka zilawulwe kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Iiparamitha zokubhabha ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zimiselwe ukuqinisekisa ukutshiza okufanayo, akukho kutshiza okugqithisileyo okanye ukutshiza okungaphoswanga, ukulahleka okuncinci kokutyibilika, kunye nomonakalo kwizityalo. Ngaphambi kokutshiza okukhulu, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lokufana kunye nozinzo lomsebenzi. Njengoko umthwalo wenqwelo-moya usanda, ukuphakama kokubhabha kufuneka kuphakanyiswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye isantya sokubhabha kufuneka sincitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
(2) Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane, indlela yokusebenza kunye neeparameters kufuneka zilungiswe ngokweemeko zokwenyani ezifana nesantya somoya kunye necala, kwaye isicwangciso sokusebenza kufuneka silungelelaniswe ngokweemeko zasekuhlaleni. Ukunciphisa ukushukuma okubangelwa yimimoya enqamlezayo, icala lokubhabha linokubekwa ngokuhambelana necala lomoya. Ukwandisa ukufakwa kwesisombululo sezibulali zinambuzane, xa icala lokubhabha lichasene necala lomoya, isantya sokubhabha sinokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo; xa icala lokubhabha lifana necala lomoya, isantya sokubhabha sinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo.
(3) Iiparameter zokusebenza ukusuka kwi-nozzle enkulu ukuya kwinqanaba le-anthesis. Eli nqanaba linqanaba elibalulekileyo lokulawula izinambuzane nezifo embona. Intsimi igqunywe zizityalo ezininzi, kwaye umsebenzi kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba isisombululo se-pesticide sigubungela ngokulinganayo kunye nokhuseleko lwezityalo. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa i-pesticide ngexesha le-anthesis kunye nexesha leentyatyambo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamisana nokuvundiswa kwezityalo. Kwiidrone zezolimo ezine-rotor ezininzi ezinomthamo womthwalo we-50L ukuya kwi-70L, kwiindawo zokutyala ezinobuninzi bezityalo ezingama-4500 ukuya kwi-8000 kwihektare nganye, iiparameter zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ngumthamo wokusetyenziswa kwe-pesticide we-2L/acre ukuya kwi-2.5L/acre, ukuphakama kokubhabha kwe-3.5m ukuya kwi-4m, kunye nesantya sokubhabha se-3m/s ukuya kwi-5m/s; kwiindawo zokutyala ezinobuninzi bezityalo ezingama-4000 ukuya kuma-4500 kwihektare nganye, iiparameter zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ngumthamo wokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ophakathi kwe-1.5L/acre ukuya kwi-2L/acre, ukuphakama kokubhabha kwe-3.5m ukuya kwi-4m, kunye nesantya sokubhabha se-3m/s ukuya kwi-5m/s.
(4) Iiparameter zokusebenza ukusuka kwinqanaba lokwenziwa kweenkozo zombona ukuya kwinqanaba lobisi. Ngeli xesha, izityalo zombona zityalwe ngokuxinana kwaye amaxolo agqunywe ngokuqinileyo. Idrone yezolimo kufuneka iphephe ukubhabha kwindawo esezantsi kakhulu okanye ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukungena ngokwaneleyo komonakalo wezinambuzane okanye ukukhukhuleka. Kwiidrone zezolimo ezinee-rotor ezininzi ezinomthwalo we-50L – 70L, kwiindawo zokutyala ezinobuninzi bezityalo ezingama-4500 – 8000 kwihektare nganye, iiparameter zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ngumthamo wokusetyenziswa kwezinambuzane ze-2.5L/acre – 3.5L/acre, ukuphakama kokubhabha kwe-3.5m – 4m, kunye nesantya sokubhabha se-3m/s – 5m/s; kwiindawo zokutyala ezinobuninzi bezityalo ezingama-4000 – 4500 kwihektare nganye, iiparameter zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ngumthamo wokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane oyi-2L/acre – 3L/acre, ukuphakama kokubhabha kwe-3.5m – 4m, kunye nesantya sokubhabha se-3m/s – 5m/s.
Ngaphezu koko, xa kulungiswa isisombululo sokutshiza esikhuthaza iziphumo ezininzi kwibhakethi, kufuneka kuqalwe kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuzinza komxube weyeza ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphumo zomzimba okanye zeekhemikhali ezifana nokugalela, ukuqubha, okanye imvula. Kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphumo ezinjalo apho ulawulo lwezinambuzane oludibeneyo olukhulu lunokwenziwa khona.
V. Ukumisela imisebenzi yokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane kumgangatho ofanayo
(1) Ukuqinisekisa iziqinisekiso zabasebenzi kunye nokhuseleko. Abasebenzi kufuneka babe neziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo kwaye banxibe izixhobo zokukhusela ezifunekayo; benze ulawulo lokhuseleko lwendawo lube semgangathweni. Ngexesha lokusuka nokufika kweenqwelo-moya, kufuneka bahlale kude nemiqobo, imigca ye-voltage ephezulu kunye nabantu, begcina umgama okhuselekileyo.
(2) Yenza uqwalaselo lomgangatho ngaphambi kokutshiza. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze umsebenzi wokutshiza, amakhadi okuvavanya uxinano lwamathontsi angabekwa kwizityalo zombona kwangaphambili ukuze kufunyanwe uxinano lwamathontsi kwaye kuvavanywe umgangatho womsebenzi wokutshiza; ukuqinisekisa umgangatho womsebenzi kunye nempembelelo yokulawula ukusuka kwinqanaba elikhulu lendlebe ukuya ekutsaleni, kwaye ukusuka ekwakhiweni kweenkozo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuvuthwa kobisi, kucetyiswa ukuba uxinano lwamathontsi lube≥Amathontsi angama-30 ngesentimitha yesikwere.
(3) Lawula ngokungqongqo ukhuseleko kwindawo. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo zokubulala izinambuzane, bonke abasebenzi kufuneka babekwe kwicala eliya phezulu lendawo yokutshiza kwaye abavumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuhamba kwindawo yokufaka izixhobo zokubulala izinambuzane; umqhubi akufuneki atye, atshaye, okanye enze umnxeba; kufuneka ajonge idrone yezolimo kunye ne-remote control ngamaxesha onke. Kwimeko yengxakeko, kufuneka bayiphathe ngokukhawuleza; akukho mntu uvumelekileyo ukuhamba kwindawo yokusuka neyeyokufika ukuze angenzi monakalo kubasebenzi.
(4) Uvavanyo olumiselweyo emva kotyando lugqityiwe. Emva kokuba umsebenzi wokufaka izibulali-zinambuzane ugqityiwe, kwiindawo ezingatshizwanga ngenxa yemiqobo okanye iikona, kufuneka kuphindwe kutshizwe ngesandla ngexesha elifanelekileyo; kucocwe kwaye kugcinwe iibhokisi zezibulali-zinambuzane, imilomo, njl.njl., kwaye kudluliselwe inkunkuma yokupakisha kwivenkile yeshishini okanye kwisikhululo sokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma yokupakisha (indawo); kuphandwe rhoqo impembelelo yolawulo lwezinambuzane nezifo kwaye kuhlolwe umgangatho womsebenzi wokufaka izibulali-zinambuzane.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-15-2026
