Iingcongconi zikhona minyaka le, umntu angaziphepha njani? Ukuze bangaxhatshazwa zezi zidalwa zimunca igazi, abantu bebesoloko bephuhlisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulwa nazo. Ukususela kwiindlela zokuzikhusela ezingasebenziyo ezifana neenethi zeengcongconi kunye nezikrini zeefestile, ukuya kwiintlaselo ezisebenzayo kunyeizibulali-zinambuzanekunye nezixovuli zeengcongconi, izitshizi zeengcongconi ezingasebenziyo kodwa ezidumileyo, kwimveliso yamva nje yentsholongwane - ibhandeji lesinqe eligxotha iingcongconi - elikudidi olwahlukileyo, leliphi kula maqela elinokufikelela ngokwenene kukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle?
1.I-Pyrethroid——Isixhobo esinamandla sokutshabalalisa ngokusebenzayo
Iindlela zokujongana neengcongconi zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: ukususwa okusebenzayo kunye nokuzikhusela okungasebenziyo. Phakathi kwazo, isikolo sokususwa okusebenzayo sinembali ende kwaye iziphumo zaso zicacile. Phakathi kwezinto ezigxotha iingcongconi zasekhaya ezifana neengcongconi, amaphepha obushushu ombane, ulwelo lwengcongconi olushushu, kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane ze-aerosol, izithako ezisebenzayo eziphambili yi-pyrethroids. Sisibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi esinokulawula izinambuzane ezahlukeneyo kwaye sinefuthe elinamandla lokubulala ngokuqhagamshelana. Indlela esebenza ngayo kukuphazamisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yezinambuzane, okubangela ukuba zisuke ekuvuselelekeni, ekuxhuzuleni ziye ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni. Xa usebenzisa izinto ezigxotha iingcongconi, ukuze ubulale iingcongconi ngcono, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukugcina imeko-bume yangaphakathi ikwimeko evaliweyo ukuze kugcinwe inqanaba elizinzileyo lee-pyrethroids.
Eyona nzuzo iphawulekayo ye-pyrethroids kukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Zinokubulala iingcongconi ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Nangona i-pyrethroids inokuguqulwa ibe yimetabolism kwaye ikhutshwe emva kokuphefumla ngumzimba womntu, isenobuthi obuncinci kwaye inokuba nemiphumo ethile kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntu. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga zemithambo-luvo, kwanokukhubazeka kwemithambo-luvo. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa izinto zokugxotha iingcongconi ngexesha lokulala, kungcono ungazibeki kufutshane nentloko yebhedi ukuze uphephe ukuphefumla umoya oxinene kakhulu we-pyrethroids kwaye ubangele iimpendulo ezingathandekiyo.
Ukongeza, izibulali-zinambuzane ezisebenzisa i-aerosol zihlala zinezinto ezinobungozi ezinuka kamnandi. Abantu abaneengxaki zokunganyamezelani kufuneka balumke xa besebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezisebenzisa i-aerosol. Umzekelo, emva kokutshiza ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, phuma kwigumbi ngoko nangoko uze uvale iingcango neefestile. Linda iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ubuye uvule iifestile ukuze kungene umoya. Ngale ndlela, zombini ukusebenza kakuhle kokubulala iingcongconi kunye nokhuseleko kunokuqinisekiswa.
Ngokwemigaqo efanelekileyo "yeMithetho yoLawulo lweZibulali-zinambuzane" yelizwe, nayiphi na imveliso yokuthintela, ukuphelisa okanye ukulawula iingcongconi, iimpukane, njl.njl., ezithi zineziphumo "zokubulala iingcongconi" okanye "zokugxotha iingcongconi" kufuneka zifumane inombolo yesatifikethi sobhaliso lwezibulali-zinambuzane kwaye ziphawule ubuthi kwiphakheji. Ke ngoko, apha sicebisa ukuba xa uthenga iimveliso zokubulala iingcongconi okanye ezigxotha iingcongconi, wonke umntu kufuneka akwazi ukubona inombolo yesatifikethi sobhaliso lwezibulali-zinambuzane.
Okwangoku, izibulali-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid ezifumaneka rhoqo kwimarike ziquka i-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid kunye ne-chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid isebenza ngakumbi ekuwiseni iingcongconi kune-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid, kodwa i-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid ikhuselekile ngakumbi ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko. Ke ngoko, xa uthenga iimveliso zokulawula iingcongconi, umntu unokwenza ukhetho oluthile ngokusekelwe kubasebenzisi. Kwiintsapho ezingenabantwana, iimveliso eziqulethe i-chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid zisebenza ngakumbi; ukuba kukho abantwana kusapho, ke iimveliso eziqulethe i-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid zikhuselekile ngakumbi.
2. Izitshizi zokugxotha izinambuzane kunye nolwelo lokugxotha iingcongconi——Ziyakukhusela ngokukhohlisa ivumba leengcongconi
Emva kokuthetha ngokubulala ngokungxama, makhe sixoxe ngokuzikhusela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla. Esi sikolo sifana kancinci ne-"Golden Bell Cover, Iron Shirt" kwiinoveli zikaJin Yong. Asibandakanyeki ekulweni ngokuthe ngqo neengcongconi kodwa endaweni yoko sisebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokugcina ezi "zidalwa ezifunxa igazi" kude nathi size sizihlukanise ngaphandle kwendawo ekhuselekileyo.
Phakathi kwazo, izitshizi zokugxotha izinambuzane kunye nolwelo lokugxotha iingcongconi zezona zinto ziphambili ezimele zona. Umgaqo wabo wokugxotha iingcongconi kukuzitshiza eluswini nakwiimpahla, besebenzisa ivumba elibi elingathandwa yiingcongconi okanye benze umaleko okhuselayo ojikeleze ulusu ukuphazamisa imvakalelo yevumba leengcongconi, ukuthintela ukuvumba ivumba elikhethekileyo elikhutshwa ngumzimba womntu, ngaloo ndlela befezekisa isiphumo sokugcina iingcongconi kude.
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba isitshizi samanzi seentyatyambo, esinefuthe "lokugxotha iingcongconi", sisixhobo seziqholo esenziwe ngeoyile yamanzi eentyatyambo njengesithako esiphambili sevumba kunye notywala nezinye izinto. Imisebenzi yaso ephambili kukususa ukungcola, ukubulala iintsholongwane, ukuthintela ukurhawuzelela kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ukurhawuzelela. Nangona sinokuba nefuthe elithile lokugxotha iingcongconi, xa kuthelekiswa nezitshizi zokugxotha izinambuzane kunye nolwelo lokugxotha iingcongconi, zombini ngokwendlela yokusebenza kunye nezithako eziphambili, zahlukile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye zombini azinakusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana.
3. Iibhanti zesandla ezigxotha iingcongconi kunye neziqwenga ezigxotha iingcongconi——Nokuba ziyasebenza okanye azisebenzi kuxhomekeke kwizithako eziphambili
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zokugxotha iingcongconi ezithengiswayo ziye zahluka kakhulu. Iimveliso ezininzi zokugxotha iingcongconi ezinxitywayo ezifana neziqwenga zokugxotha iingcongconi, izikhonkwane zokugxotha iingcongconi, iiwotshi zokugxotha iingcongconi, iibhanti zesandla zokugxotha iingcongconi, kunye neependants zokugxotha iingcongconi ziye zathandwa ngabantu abaninzi, ingakumbi abazali babantwana, kuba azifuni kudibana ngqo nolusu. Ezi mveliso zihlala zinamathela emzimbeni kwaye zisebenzisa ivumba eliphumayo leyeza ukwenza umaleko okhuselayo ojikeleze umzimba, ukuphazamisa imvakalelo yengcongconi yokuvumba, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo yokugxotha iingcongconi.
Xa uthenga olu hlobo lwemveliso yokugxotha iingcongconi, ukongeza ekujongeni inombolo yobhaliso lwezibulali zinambuzane, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba ziqulathe izithako ezisebenzayo ngokwenene na kwaye ukhethe iimveliso ezinezithako ezifanelekileyo kunye nobungakanani ngokwemeko yokusetyenziswa kunye nomsebenzisi ekujoliswe kuye.
Okwangoku, izithako ezine ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo zokugxotha iingcongconi ezibhaliswe yi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kwaye zicetyiswe yi-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) zezi: i-DEET, i-Picaridin, i-IR3535/Immergen, kunye ne-Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) okanye i-extract yayo, i-Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). Phakathi kwazo, ezintathu zokuqala zizinto ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali, ngelixa eyokugqibela iyinxalenye esekwe kwizityalo. Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza kakuhle, i-DEET isebenza kakhulu kwaye ihlala ixesha elide, i-Picaridin kunye ne-IR3535/Immergen ziza emva koko, kwaye ixesha lokugxotha i-Lemon Eucalyptus Oil lifutshane kakhulu.
Ngokwembono yokhuseleko, ekubeni i-DEET inokurhawuzelela ulusu, ngokubanzi sicebisa ukuba kukhethwe iimveliso ezinomxholo we-DEET ongaphantsi kwe-10%. Kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6, iimveliso ezine-DEET akufuneki zisetyenziswe. I-IR3535/Immergen ayinazo iziphumo ezinobungozi eluswini kwaye ayingeni eluswini, kwaye okwangoku ibonwa njengemveliso ekhuselekileyo yokugxotha iingcongconi engasetyenziswa yonke imihla. Ioyile yeLemon Eucalyptus inokukhutshwa kwizinto zendalo kwaye ikhuselekile kwaye ayicaphukisi ulusu, kodwa i-terpene kunye ne-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds ezikuyo zinokubangela i-allergies. Ke ngoko, kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu naseMelika, ayikhuthazwa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala.
4. Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana ezincinci——Kucetyiswa ngakumbi ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuzikhusela ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo zokugxotha iingcongconi
Nokuba sisitshizi sokugxotha iingcongconi, amanzi okugxotha iingcongconi okanye iziqwenga zokugxotha iingcongconi, zonke zezekhemikhali zokugxotha iingcongconi. Nangona iindlela zokugxotha iingcongconi ezisebenzisa iikhemikhali zisebenza kwaye zilula, kubafazi abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu ubudala, kusacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iindlela zokugxotha iingcongconi ezikhuselekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni.
Okwangoku, iimveliso zokugxotha iingcongconi ezibonakalayo ezithengiswayo ziquka izibane zokugxotha iingcongconi kunye nezitshizi zombane zengcongconi. Imilo yesitshizi sokukhupha iingcongconi ifana nerakhethi yetenisi, kwaye kukho umbane ongashukumiyo ophezulu phakathi kweengcingo zesinyithi. Ngokushukumisa nje "irakhethi", iingcongconi ezingenathamsanqa ezichukumisa intambo ziya kutsalwa ngombane. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yombane, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu abadala bayisebenzise. Isibane sokugxotha iingcongconi sisebenzisa uphawu lokutsala ukukhanya kweengcongconi ukuzitsala, zivumele ukuba zitsalwe, zinamathele, okanye zitsalwe ngombane, kwaye ekugqibeleni zome kwaye zife. I-decibel esebenzayo yesibane sokugxotha iingcongconi iphantsi, kwaye ngokusisiseko ayichaphazeli ukulala. I-coefficient yokhuseleko iphezulu, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo abantwana abangenakufikelela kuyo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-14-2026
