Izibulali-zinambuzane

Intshayelelo

Izibulali-zinambuzane zibhekisa kuhlobo lwezibulali-zinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula izinambuzane zezolimo kunye nezinambuzane ezichaphazela impilo yasezidolophini. Ezifana neengcongconi, iimpukane, iigrub, iimpumlo, iintakumba, kunye nezinye izinambuzane eziphantse zibe yi-10000. Izibulali-zinambuzane zinembali ende yokusetyenziswa, zininzi, kwaye zininzi.

Ulwahlulo

Kukho imigangatho emininzi yokwahlulahlula izibulali-zinambuzane. Namhlanje, siza kufunda ngezibulali-zinambuzane kwiinkalo zendlela yokusebenza kunye ne-toxicology.

Ngokwendlela yokusebenza, izibulali-zinambuzane zingahlulwahlulwa ngolu hlobo:

① Ityhefu yesisu. Ingena kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya ngomlomo wesinambuzane kwaye inefuthe eliyingozi, njengeMetrifonate.

② Izinto ezibulala uchuku. Emva kokudibana ne-epidermis okanye ii-appendages, ingena emzimbeni wezinambuzane, okanye igrumbe umaleko we-wax yomzimba wezinambuzane, okanye ivale ivalvu ukuze ibulale izinambuzane, ezifana ne-pyrethrin, i-mineral oil emulsion, njl.

③ I-Fumigant. Umphunga uveliswa kukuguquguquka kwegesi enobuthi, ulwelo okanye into eqinileyo ukuze ityhefu kwizinambuzane okanye iintsholongwane, ezifana neBromomethane.

④ Ukuphefumla izibulali-zinambuzane. Zifunxwa yimbewu yezityalo, iingcambu, iziqu, namagqabi kwaye zithuthelwe kwisityalo sonke, kwixesha elithile, i-pathogen okanye ii-metabolites zayo ezisebenzayo zingena emzimbeni wezinambuzane ngokutya izicubu zezityalo okanye ngokufunxa ijusi yesityalo, zidlala indima enobuthi, njenge-dimethoate.

Ngokweziphumo zetyhefu, izibulali-zinambuzane zingahlulwahlulwa ngolu hlobo:

① Iiarhente ezinobuthi kwi-neuro. Isebenza kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yezinambuzane, ezifana ne-DDT, i-parathion, i-carbofuran, i-Pyrethrin, njl.

② Izinto zokuphefumla. Zithintela ii-enzymes zokuphefumla kwizinambuzane, ezifana ne-cyanuric acid.

③ Izinto ezibonakalayo. Izinto zeoyile yeminerali zinokuvala ivalvu yezinambuzane, ngelixa umgubo ongasebenziyo unokukrazula ulusu lwezinambuzane kwaye ubangele ukuba zife.

④ Izibulali-zinambuzane ezithile. Zibangela iimpendulo ezingaqhelekanga zomzimba wezinambuzane, ezifana nezigxothi ezigcina izinambuzane kude nezityalo, izinto ezitsala izinambuzane ngesibatha sokwabelana ngesondo okanye ngesicupho, izinto ezithintela incasa yazo kwaye zingasatyi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulambeni nasekufeni, izinto ezingenazintsholongwane ezisebenza kumsebenzi wokuzala wabantu abadala ukuze zibangele ukungazali kwendoda okanye ibhinqa, kunye nabalawuli bokukhula kwezinambuzane abachaphazela ukukhula, ukuguquka kobomi, kunye nokuzala kwezinambuzane.

DuphuhlisoDukujika

① Utshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela lubangela imisebenzi yezinambuzane nezifo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane. Kwimveliso yezolimo, ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo kunxulumene kakhulu notshintsho lwemozulu. Ukuba iimeko zemozulu azilungele ukukhula kwezinambuzane nezifo, izinga lokuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo liya kuncipha kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane.

② Izibulali-zinambuzane zisaqhubeka nokuba yindawo ephambili kwimarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zehlabathi, apho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezibulali-zinambuzane, ezizezi, izibulali-zinambuzane, kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane, zibe ngabadlali abaphambili kwimarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zehlabathi. Ngo-2009, izibulali-zinambuzane zisaqhubeka nokuba yi-25% yemarike yezibulali-zinambuzane zehlabathi, apho uMntla Melika kunye neNtshona Yurophu zigcina isabelo esikhulu semarike, zimalunga ne-70% yemarike yonke.

③ Njengoko ishishini lee-pesticide kwihlabathi liphela liqhubeka nophuhliso, likwajongene nothotho lweemfuno ezintsha, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwiminyaka edlulileyo kubangele amazinga ahlukeneyo ongcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo nakubantu nakwimfuyo. Ke ngoko, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu ze-pesticide esebenzayo, ephantsi kwetyhefu, intsalela ephantsi, kunye ne-pesticide engenangcoliseko, ngakumbi kwishishini lee-pesticide.