Ngaba ufuna enye indlela yokubulala izitshabalalisi ze-neonicotinoid? U-Alejandro Calixto, umlawuli weNkqubo yoLawulo lweZitshabalalisi eDibeneyo kwiYunivesithi yaseCornell, wabelane ngolwazi oluthile ngexesha lotyelelo lwezityalo zasehlotyeni olubanjwe yiNew York Corn and Soybean Growers Association eRodman Lott & Sons Farm.
“Ulawulo lwezinambuzane oludibeneyo lucebo olusekelwe kwisayensi olugxile ekuthinteleni ukwenzeka kwezinambuzane okanye umonakalo wexesha elide ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo,” utshilo uCalixto.
Ujonga ifama njengenkqubo yendalo enxulumene nokusingqongileyo, apho indawo nganye ichaphazela enye. Kodwa oku akusosisombululo sikhawulezileyo.
Ukujongana neengxaki zezinambuzane ngolawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane kuthatha ixesha, utshilo. Xa ingxaki ethile isonjululwe, umsebenzi awupheli.
Yintoni i-IPM? Oku kungabandakanya iindlela zolimo, i-genetics, ulawulo lweekhemikhali kunye ne-biological, kunye nolawulo lweendawo zokuhlala. Inkqubo iqala ngokuchonga izinambuzane, ukubeka esweni kunye nokuqikelela ezo zinambuzane, ukukhetha icebo le-IPM, kunye nokuvavanya iziphumo zezi zenzo.
UCalixto wabiza abantu be-IPM awayesebenza nabo, baza baseka iqela elifana ne-SWAT elalilwa nezinambuzane ezifana ne-corn grubs.
“Zinemizimba yendalo, zithathwa zizicubu zezityalo kwaye zihamba kwinkqubo yemithambo yegazi,” utshilo uCalixto. “Ziyanyibilika emanzini kwaye xa zisetyenziswa emhlabeni zifunxwa zizityalo. Ezi zezona zinambuzane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, zijolise kuluhlu lwezinambuzane ezibalulekileyo.”
Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwaba yimpikiswano, kwaye ii-neonicotinoids zelizwe zisenokuba semthethweni eNew York kungekudala. Ngaphambili kweli hlobo, iNdlu yePalamente kunye neSenate bapasise uMthetho woKhuseleko lweeNtaka neeNyosi, owawuza kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwembewu egqunywe nge-neon kwilizwe. URhuluneli uKathy Hochul akakawusayini lo mthetho, kwaye akucaci ukuba uza kuwenza nini loo nto.
Impethu yombona ngokwayo sisitshabalalisi esihlala ixesha elide kuba sihlala ixesha elide ebusika. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, iimpukane ezindala ziyavela kwaye zizale. Iimazi zibeka amaqanda emhlabeni, zikhetha indawo "ezithandayo", njengomhlaba onezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo, amasimi achunyiswe ngomgquba okanye izityalo zokugquma, okanye apho kukhula khona iimbotyi ezithile. Amantshontsho atya imbewu esandul' ukuhluma, kuquka umbona kunye neembotyi zesoya.
Enye yazo kukusetyenziswa kwe "blue sticky traps" efama. Idatha yokuqala asebenza kuyo kunye nengcali yezityalo zasentsimini yeCornell Extension uMike Stanyard ibonisa ukuba umbala we-traps ubalulekile.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, abaphandi beYunivesithi yaseCornell bajonge amasimi kwiifama ezingama-61 ukuze babone ukuba kukho iigrub zombona. Idatha ibonise ukuba inani lilonke leegrub zombona ezikwii-blue cutworm traps lisondele kuma-500, ngelixa inani lilonke leegrub zombona ezikwii-yellow fall armyworm traps lingaphezulu nje kwe-100.
Enye indlela ethembisayo ye-neon kukubeka imigibe yezithambiso emasimini. UCalixto uthe imbewu yengqolowa itsalwa kakhulu yi-alfalfa ebilisiweyo, eyayilukhetho olungcono kunezinye izithambiso ezivavanyiweyo (intsalela ye-alfalfa, umgubo wamathambo, umgubo wentlanzi, umgquba wobisi olumanzi, umgubo wenyama kunye nezinto ezitsalayo ezenziweyo).
Ukuqikelela ukuba iimpethu zembewu yombona ziya kuvela nini kunokunceda abalimi abanolwazi malunga nolawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane bacwangcise ngcono indlela abasabela ngayo. IYunivesithi yaseCornell iphuhlise isixhobo sokuqikelela iimpethu zembewu yombona—newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot—esikwi-beta test okwangoku.
“Oku kunceda ekuqikeleleni ukuba kufuneka u-odole imbewu enyangiweyo ekwindla,” utshilo uCalixto.
Olunye unyango lwembewu yimbewu enyangwa nge-methyl jasmonate, ekwilebhu enokubangela ukuba izityalo zingabi namandla okutya i-corn grub. Idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukwehla okukhulu kwenani leempethu zombona eziphilayo.
Ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo ziquka ii-diamides, i-thiamethoxam, i-chlorantraniliprole, kunye ne-spinosad. Idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukuba zonke iimpethu zembewu yombona ezilawulayo zithelekiswa nezityalo ezinembewu enganyangwanga.
Kulo nyaka, iqela likaCalixto ligqibezela uvavanyo lwegreenhouse lisebenzisa i-methyl jasmonate ukumisela impendulo yedosi kunye nokhuseleko lwesivuno.
“Sikwafuna nezigqubuthelo,” utshilo. “Ezinye izityalo ezigqumayo zitsala imbewu yengqolowa. Akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kokutyala izityalo ezigqumayo ngoku nokuzityala ngaphambili. Kulo nyaka sibona indlela efanayo, kodwa asazi ukuba kutheni.”
Kunyaka ozayo, iqela liceba ukufaka uyilo olutsha lwemigibe kwiimvavanyo zasemasimini kunye nokwandisa isixhobo somngcipheko ukuze siquke indawo, izityalo zokugquma, kunye nembali yezinambuzane ukuphucula imodeli; uvavanyo lwasemasimini lwe-methyl jasmonate kunye nonyango lwembewu yendabuko ngezibulali-zinambuzane ezifana ne-diamide kunye ne-spinosad; kunye nokuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-methyl jasmonate njengearhente yokomisa imbewu yombona efanelekileyo kubalimi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-14-2023